若干理化因子对日本肾蕨绿色球状体分化及生长的影响

通过对日本肾蕨（Nephrolepis cordifolia)绿色球状体（GGB）的培养实验,研究了不同物理、化学因子对其分化及生长的影响。结果表明,辐照度100μmolm^-2s^-1对GGB的分化及生长均有明显促进作用。红外照射对GGB的分化比白光和蓝光的好。此外,GGB的分化以MS＋6－BA1mgL^-1 NaH2PO4200mgL^-1为好。     

蕨组织培养与快繁技术研究

以蕨的根状茎顶芽、幼嫩带节根状茎为外植体,接种于诱导培养基上,培养30d后,顶芽分化形成绿色小球（GGB）,继续生长30d后分割,用于继代增殖或转换培养基诱导形成试管苗;根状茎段由茎节处萌发新枝,20—30d后,形成丛生苗,分割后培养长成具有不定根的丛生试管苗。通过诱导形成绿色小球（GGB）和丛生苗两条途径均可快速繁殖蕨的试管苗。试管苗经过“炼苗”后移入温棚,生长良好．     

皱叶肾蕨卷曲叶尖的离体培养（简报）

从皱叶肾蕨卷曲叶尖的离体培养中所诱导的绿色球状物(GGB)为中间继代物,建立了组培快速繁殖方法,并发现,在一定量 NAA配合下,BA有利于GGB的诱导,2iP促进丛生苗的再生,IBA可能对丛生苗上匍匐茎的诱导有促进作用。     

荚果蕨绿色球状体对~(60)Coγ射线的辐射敏感性

以荚果蕨(Matteuccia struthiopteris)绿色球状体(GGB)为辐照材料,使用不同剂量的~(60)Coγ射线进行辐照处理,采用辐射诱变和组织培养技术相结合的方式进行荚果蕨GGB的辐射敏感性研究。结果表明,荚果蕨GGB的存活率与~(60)Coγ射线辐照剂量之间存在显著的线性关系,线性回归方程为:y=-0.797x+104.719,计算得到半致死剂量约为69 Gy。随着辐照剂量的增加,荚果蕨GGB的增殖和分化能力下降且分化时间延长。GGB~(60)Coγ辐射的表型损伤表现为颜色变深、单个绿色颗粒死亡、增殖及分化受到抑制;细胞学损伤表现为微核、细胞核解体和胚性细胞减少。     

红松单木高生长模型的研究

１引言生长模型是定量研究树木生长过程的有效手段。它既可对林木生长作出现实的评价,也可用来预估将来各测树因子的变化;既是编制修订各种数表的基础,也是森林经营中各种措施实施的依据。在林学上,生长模型主要包括单木生长模型和林分生长模型,其中单木生长模型是林...     

蕨的组织培养

TissneCultureofPieridiumaquilinumvar．latiusculumSUJian－Yu,WANGJun,LIJi-Ning,LIANGWen－Yu,HUAZheng－Ji（DepartmentofBiology,NingxiaAgriculturalCollege,Yinchum750105）1植物名称蕨（Pteridiumaquilinumvar.latiusculum。2材料类别带顶芽或不带顶芽的根状茎。3培养条件（1）诱导“绿色小球”（GGB）培养基：互／2MS＋6－BAI．0mg·L－’（单位下同）＋IBAI．0;（2）丛生芽诱导、继代培养基：1／ZMS＋KTI．0;（3）生根培养基：回／ZMS。上述培养基中均加蔗糖2％,NaH。PO;200,活性炭1．5P·L…     

细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2决定心肌生长方式

在病理状态下,心脏工作负荷加重时,心肌细胞会代偿性地生长。心脏后负荷增加可导致心肌向心性生长,以心肌细胞宽度增加为特征;而容量负荷增加可导致心肌离心性生长,以心肌细胞长度增加为特征。心肌的离心性生长和向心性生长可能由不同的特异性信号通路所调节,但是具体的信号分子尚不清楚。细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kina-     

Ca2 +对小麦种根及其根毛生长发育的影响

低浓度的CaCl2对小麦种根生长、根毛发生和生长无明显影响,高浓度的CaCl2(0.1 mol/L)对种根和根毛生长有抑制作用,但不影响根毛的发生。Ca2+专一性整合剂EGTA抑制种根生长和根毛的发生及生长,添加一定浓度的外源CaCl2,这种抑制作用可被消除。CaM抑制剂TFP(三氟拉嗪)和CPZ(氯丙嗪)对种根生长、根毛发生和生长均有抑制作用,添加外源CaM可减弱或消除这种抑制作用。     

戈宝红麻生长速度的初步研究

通过对戈宝红麻野生苗和实生苗生长速度的观察、记录,结果其野生苗生长最快期平均1天可增长4.5cm(5月26日至29日);实生苗生长最快期平均1天可增长4.1 cm(5月26日至29日)。对实生苗生长的昼夜观察,一般8:00至14:00生长很慢,14:00至20:00以及夜间都在长高,但规律性不明显。     

变形虫细胞生长和分裂过程的研究

1.应用单细胞分离培养和连续观察的方法,研究了紫外辐射、切割细胞质对变形虫Amoeba discoides细胞生长和分裂过程的各种效应:分裂延迟及随后的分裂加速现象,巨细胞、小细胞和双核细胞的形成; 2.根据本实验获得的种种细胞分裂的异常,并结合文献讨论后认为,细胞的分裂周期与生长周期,是两个既可区分又相联结的生命过程:当细胞分裂周期被阻断时,在一定范围内细胞仍可继续生长;一些细胞在没有或很少生长的情况下仍可通过分裂。细胞分裂周期的启动,需要细胞生长达到临界体积,而细胞可生长的最大体积,受染色体的倍数性所控制。通常情况下,细胞繁殖的限速因子是细胞的生长,而细胞的重复生长有赖于细胞分裂周期的完成。 细胞分裂周期是一个顺次依赖程序,然而各过程间又可相对的区分。当染色体复制或核分裂完毕,而后一过程又被阻断,有时可启动细胞周期的部分重复,以至形成巨细胞和多核细胞。     

几种植物生长调节物质对大花蕙兰组培原球茎增殖的影响

采用KC 培养基, 分别添加不同浓度的BA、KT、NAA 及KT+NAA 组合, 对大花蕙兰初代培养已分化出的原球茎进行了继代培养。结果发现:①BA 可加快原球茎的增殖速度, 但浓度超过0.5 mg/L 后增殖速度有所下降, 且原球茎变小呈暗绿色。②KT 的促进增殖效果好于BA, 但浓度超过1.0 mg/L 时, 增殖速度也有所下降, 原球茎变小。③NAA 促进原球茎增殖的效果明显好于BA、和KT, 但浓度大于1.0 mg/L 后增殖不再加快, 而且部分原球茎有变褐现象。④在KT 0.5~0.7 mg+NAA 0.7~1.0 mg/L 范围组合的KC 培养基上, 大花蕙兰原球茎增殖的速度和质量是比较理想的。考虑到较低的细胞分裂素和植物生长素有利于植物增殖过程中遗传性的稳定, 选择KT0.5 mg+NAA 0.7 mg/L 的KC 培养基作为大花蕙兰原球茎增殖培养基。     

Gamna-Gandy Bodies of the Spleen Detected with Susceptibility Weighted Imaging: Maybe a New Potential Non-Invasive Marker of Esophageal Varices

Background/Objectives

Portal hypertension (PH) is a clinical sequelae of liver cirrhosis, and bleeding from esophageal varices (EV) is a serious complication of PH with significant morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study were to assess the ability of 2D multislice breath-hold susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to detect Gamna-Gandy bodies (GGBs) in the spleens of patients with PH and to evaluate the potential role of GGB number as a non-invasive marker of PH and EV.

Materials and Methods

T1-, T2- and T2^*- weighted imaging and SWI were performed on 135 patients with PH and on 37 control individuals. Platelet counts were collected from all PH patients. Two radiologists analyzed all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and measured the portal vein diameter, splenic index (SI), and platelet count/spleen diameter ratio. The numbers of patients with GGBs in the spleen were determined, and the numbers of GGB were counted in the four MRI sequences in GGB-positive patients. The portal vein diameter, SI, platelet count, and platelet count/spleen diameter ratio of control individuals were compared with those of GGB-negative and GGB-positive patients on SWI images. The correlations among GGB numbers, the portal vein diameter, the SI, the platelet count, and the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio were analyzed.

Results

The GGB detection rate and the detected GGB number by using SWI were significantly greater than those by using T1-, T2-, and T2*- weighted images. The number of GGBs in the SWI images correlated positively with the portal vein diameter and SI and correlated negatively with the platelet count and platelet count/spleen diameter ratio.

Conclusion

SWI provided more accurate information of GGBs in patients with PH. The number of GGB may be a non-invasive predictor of improving the selection for endoscopic screening of PH patients at risk of EV.     

Production of doubled haploid plants from anther cultures of borage (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Borago officinalis</Emphasis> L.) by the application of chemical and physical stress

Cibotium barometz is an endangered tree fern, used both as ornamental plant and traditional Chinese medicinal plant. In this study, an effective in vitro propagation protocol was obtained through formation of green globular bodies (GGBs) from in vitro juvenile sporophytes. The effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on GGB induction and multiplication, as well as mineral salt concentration and active charcoal (AC) on plantlet regeneration from GGBs was evaluated. Thidiazuron (TDZ; 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea) had a significant effect on GGB induction and multiplication (P?<?0.001), while a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not (P?>?0.05). GGB induction rate was above 80?% on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with TDZ (1.0 mg L^??1) and NAA (0.1, 0.3 or 0.5 mg L^??1). The same media were also optimal for GGB multiplication. GGBs cultured on 1/4 MS media supplemented with 0.1 or 0.2?% (w/v) AC showed a high rate of GGB development into plantlets above 90?%. 1/2 MS media supplemented with 0.1 or 0.2?% AC were the most effective for plantlet growth. Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized (80?%) in greenhouse conditions. Morphological and histological analysis revealed that C. barometz GGBs was a yellow-green globular structure composed of the single GGB with meristems and hair-like structures, and new single GGBs were initiated from the epidermal cells of meristem zone.     

Micropropagation and phase change in Blechnum spicant and Pteris ensiformis

Rhizomes of juvenile sporophytes of Blechnum spicant L. and Pteris ensiformis L. cultured on MS medium with N⁶-benzyladenine alone (0.44–4.4 M) or in combination with naphthaleneacetic acid (0.053–0.53 M), respectively, gave rise to several proliferation centres located at the epidermal and inner parenchyma of this organ after one month in culture. Subculture of these rhizomes for one month in growth regulator-free medium allowed organization of internal proliferation centres, and regeneration of a large number of sporophytes. Subculture in the above-mentioned proliferation medium, induced phase change and development of aposporous gametophytes from surface-localized proliferation centres. Addition of naphthaleneacetic acid to the culture medium promoted proliferation of green globular bodies (GGB) in B. spicant and both rhizogenesis and callogenesis processes in P. ensiformis. GGB derived from rhizomes of B. spicant produced numerous sporophytes and from the point of view of micropropagation it is a good system to regenerate sporophytes in this species.Abbreviations BA-6 benzyladenine - 2,4-d 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - NAA naphthaleneacetic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog (1962)     

Studies on Cyanidium caldarium Phycobiliprotein Pigment Mutants

Phycobiliprotein biosynthesis was investigated in four strains of the unicellular rhodophyte, Cyandium caldarium, with different pigment phenotypes. All strains were incapable of synthesizing phycobiliproteins when grown in the dark. Western blotting experiments showed that dark-grown cells of the wild-type and mutant GGB synthesized the α and β subunit polypeptides of allophyocyanin and phycocyanin after exposure to light for 24 hours, whereas cells of mutant IIIC and GGBY did not. Similarly, light promoted the appearance of allophycocyanin and phycocyanin mRNAs in the wild-type and GGB but not in IIIC and GGBY. However, Southern blots of restricted genomic DNA from the wild type, IIIC, GGBY, and GGB, all hybridized with heterologous phycobiliprotein gene probes and revealed that all four strains contained identical Pst, EcoRI, and Dral restriction fragments containing allophycocyanin and phycocyanin genes. Cells of the wild type and GGB incubated in the dark with the heme precursor. δ-aminolevulinate, synthesized allophycocyanin and phycocyanin apoproteins providing strong evidence for the role of a tetrapyrrole in regulation of phycobiliprotein gene expression. However, cells of IIIC and GGBY incubated in the dark with δ-aminolevulinate did not contain detectable quantities of allophycocyanin or phycocyanin apoproteins. The possible role of a tetrapyrrole in phycobiliprotein gene expression and basis for the genetic lesion in mutants IIIC and GGBY is discussed.     

Generation of one set of monoclonal antibodies specific for b-pathway ganglio-series gangliosides.

We established six murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for b-pathway ganglio-series gangliosides by immunizing C3H/HeN mice with these purified gangliosides adsorbed to Salmonella minnesota mutant R595. The binding specificities of these MAbs were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunostaining on thin-layer chromatogram. These six MAbs, designated GGB19, GMR2, GMR7, GGR12, GMR5, and GGR13 reacted strongly with the gangliosides GD3, O-Ac-GD3, GD2, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b, respectively, that were used as immunogens. All these MAbs except GGB19 showed highly restricted binding specificities, reacting only with the immunizing ganglioside. None of other various authentic gangliosides or neutral glycolipids were recognized. On the other hand, MAb GGB19 exhibited a broader specificity, cross-reacting weakly with O-Ac-GD3, GQ1b, and GT1a, but not with other gangliosides or neutral glycolipids. Using these MAbs, we determined the expression of these gangliosides, especially GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b on mouse, rat, and human leukemia cells. GD1b was expressed on rat leukemia cells, but not on mouse and human leukemia cells tested. Neither GT1b nor GQ1b was detected in these cell lines.     

Protein geranylgeranyltransferase I is involved in specific aspects of abscisic acid and auxin signaling in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking a functional ERA1 gene, which encodes the beta-subunit of protein farnesyltransferase (PFT), exhibit pleiotropic effects that establish roles for protein prenylation in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and meristem development. Here, we report the effects of T-DNA insertion mutations in the Arabidopsis GGB gene, which encodes the beta-subunit of protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (PGGT I). Stomatal apertures of ggb plants were smaller than those of wild-type plants at all concentrations of ABA tested, suggesting that PGGT I negatively regulates ABA signaling in guard cells. However, germination of ggb seeds in response to ABA was similar to the wild type. Lateral root formation in response to exogenous auxin was increased in ggb seedlings compared to the wild type, but no change in auxin inhibition of primary root growth was observed, suggesting that PGGT I is specifically involved in negative regulation of auxin-induced lateral root initiation. Unlike era1 mutants, ggb mutants exhibited no obvious developmental phenotypes. However, era1 ggb double mutants exhibited more severe developmental phenotypes than era1 mutants and were indistinguishable from plp mutants lacking the shared alpha-subunit of PFT and PGGT I. Furthermore, overexpression of GGB in transgenic era1 plants partially suppressed the era1 phenotype, suggesting that the relatively weak phenotype of era1 plants is due to partial redundancy between PFT and PGGT I. These results are discussed in the context of Arabidopsis proteins that are putative substrates of PGGT I.     

二十世纪我国植物学家对植物组织培养的贡献

回顾了上一世纪我国植物组织培养的发展。 1934年以来 ,我国的植物组织培养研究一直与国际发展同步进行。我国学者在离体器官发生、茎尖培养、花药培养、子房培养、胚乳培养、原生质体培养和细胞大量培养等分支领域都取得重要进展。本文在引证我国研究者发表的植物组织培养论文的基础上 ,着重评述了那些被国际同行公认的研究成果。此外 ,还介绍了植物组织培养在我国农业和工业上应用的情况