中国棉铃虫核多角体病毒基因组XbaI—I片段的序列分析

报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒 (HaSNPV)XbaI I片段的序列结构。该片段在基因组上定位于 18.4～2 2 .8m .u .,包括 8个完整的开放阅读框架和 p47的 5′端部分序列 :其中ubiquitin ,39K/pp31,lef - 11,p47,Ac34 ,Ac38和Lsel2 5homologue 7个基因是杆状病毒的同源基因 ,另外两个orf5 0 7和orf10 80是HaSNPV的特有基因 ,且具有典型的早期表达基因启动子的特征 ,经软件分析发现这两个基因推导的产物具有典型的跨膜压结构。序列比较分析表明 ,ubiquitin基因与其它杆状病毒的同源基因有相同的保守区 ,39K/pp31具有和其它杆状病毒同源基因不同的启动子结构     

中国棉铃虫单粒包埋核多角体病毒（HaSNPV）HindⅢ-Ⅰ片段的序列分析与基因排列研究

对中国棉铃虫单粒包埋核多角体病毒（HaSNPV)基因组中的HindⅢ-Ⅰ片段的序列进行分析,该片段全长7501nt,包括10个开放阅读框：AcMNPV ORF111的同源基因（Ac 111),晚期表达因子2（lef-2）基因,病毒核壳结构蛋白p24基因、gp16基因、多角体包膜蛋白（polyhedron envelope protein,pep)基因、AcMNPV ORF63的同源基因（Ac63),38.7kD基因,晚期表达因子1（lef-1) 基因,及两个特有基因HaSNPV orf591和HasSNPV orf435。基因组的排列比较分析发现与AcMNPV有较大区别。     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)Hind Ⅲ-L片段的序列分析

本文报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV)基因组的HindⅢ-L片段的全序列.该片段全长2 635bp,包括5个有意义的开放阅读框HaSNPV ORF227,晚期表达因子10基因(lef10),vp1054基因,Ac55(AcMNPV ORF55的同源基因),Ac56(AcMNPV ORF56的同源基因).与其它6种杆状病毒的氨基酸序列比较表明,HaSNPV的lef10基因与甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒(SeMNPV)的同源性最高,为64%,与冷杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒(OpMNPV)的同源性最低,为43%;HaSNPV的vp1054基因与SeMNPV的同源性最高,为65%,与OpMNPV的同源性最低,为49%.序列比较表明,HaSNPV的LEF10与VP1054蛋白与其它6种杆状病毒具有相同的保守区和亮氨酸拉链(1eucine zipper)     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒囊膜蛋白odv—e66基因及其邻近区域的序列分析

杆状病毒ODV－E66蛋白是包涵体来源病毒（occlusion-derived virus,ODV）囊膜的结构蛋白,ODV囊膜对ODV的稳定性和感染性具有重要作用。本文报道了HaSNPV odv-e66基因及其邻近区域共4237bp的核苷酸序列及其分析结果。HaSNPV的odv-e66基因编码区全长2019bp,推测编码一个由672个氨基酸残基组成的,分子量为74.5kD的蛋白质。在起始密码子ATG上游具有杆状病毒晚期转录起始信号ATAAG。与其他杆状病毒ODV－E66的氨基酸序列比较分显示HaSNPV ODV-E66蛋白具有多个保守区域,包括N末端的强疏水功能区、序列中部的一个可能的核定位信号RKIW,两个Leu-xipper以及5个跨膜区。odv-e66基因上游的两个ORF分别与AcMNPV的orf108和orf109具有同源性,下游的ORF与LsNPV的p13基因具有同源性。     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒（HaSNPV）Hind Ⅲ—L片段的序列分析

本文报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒（Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV）基因组的HindⅢ－L片段的全序列。该片段全长2635bp,包括5个有意义的开放阅读框：HaSNPV ORF227,晚期表达因子10基因（lef10 ),vp1054基因,Ac55(AcMNPV ORF55的同源基因）,Ac56（AcMNPV ORF56的同源基因）。与其它6种杆状病毒的氨基酸序列比较表明,HaSNPV的lef10基因与甜夜蛾核型多角体病毒（SeMNPV）的同源性最高。为64％,与冷杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒（OpMNPV）的同源性最低,为43％;HaSNPV的vp1054基因与SeMNPV的同源性最高。为65％,与OpMNPV的同源性最低,为49％。序列比较表明,HaSNPV的LEF10与VP1054蛋白与其它6种杆状病毒具有相同的保守区和亮氨酸拉链（leucine zipper）。     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒囊膜蛋白odv-e66基因及其邻近区域的序列分析

杆状病毒ODV-E66蛋白是包涵体来源病毒(occlusion-derived virus,ODV)囊膜的结构蛋白,ODV囊膜对ODV的稳定性和感染性具有重要作用.本文报道了HaSNPV odv-e66基因及其邻近区域共4 237bp的核苷酸序列及其分析结果.HaSNPV的odv-e66基因编码区全长2 019bp,推测编码一个由672个氨基酸残基组成的,分子量为74.5kD的列比较分显示HaSNPV ODV-E66蛋白具有多个保守区域,包括N末端的强疏水功能区、序列中部的一个可能的核定位信号RKIW,两个Leu-zipper以及5个跨膜区.odv-e66基因上游的两个ORF分别与AcMNPV的orf108和orf109具有同源性,下游的ORF与LsNPV的p13基因具有同源性.     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒组织蛋白酶基因的序列分析和进化研究

对棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)的组织蛋白酶(ν-cath)基因进行了序列分析,此基因编码区长1098bp,预计编码一个366个氨基酸的蛋白产物.序列分析表明,HaSNPV的V-CATH蛋白与其它杆状病毒的同源蛋白具有相似的保守结构并保留有相同的酶活性位点,根据已知的杆状病毒组织蛋白酶序列构建了ν-cath基因的进化树,发现HaSNPV的ν-cath位于NPV组中一个单独的分枝,结合ν-cath基因在棉铃虫病毒基因组中的位置与其它NPV有较大不同,推测HaSNPV的ν-cath基因可能拥有特殊的进化历程.     

一种以PCR产物直接构建同源重组杆状病毒的方法

发展了一种在不构建载体的前提下, 以PCR产物直接构建同源重组杆状病毒的方法. 这种方法建立在λ噬菌体Red重组系统能介导36 bp以上的同源片段产生同源重组的基础之上. 以棉铃虫单粒包埋型核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)为例, 详细地介绍了以氯霉素抗性基因(CmR)置换HaSNPV基因组中orf135的快速重组过程. 人工合成一对长60 bp左右的引物, 其中40 bp与HaSNPV orf135的头部和尾部序列同源, 另20 bp分别为氯霉素抗性基因的尾部和头部序列. 以含有CmR的质粒pKD3为模板, 利用这对引物PCR合成两侧各有40 bp orf135同源臂的CmR基因, 将此线性片段转化含有HaSNPV人工染色体(Bacmid)且能表达λ噬菌体Red重组酶的菌株中, 获得了缺失orf135并对氯霉素具有抗性的重组转化子. 由于整个过程无需构建载体, 重组过程在大肠杆菌中完成, 使得构建同源重组杆状病毒的过程大大缩短. 这种方法将广泛适用于其他具有较大基因组的病毒的基因置换和基因缺失.     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)Hind III-L片段的序列分析

本文报道了棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒 (Helicoverpaarmigerasingle nucleocapsidnucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV)基因组的HindIII L片段的全序列。该片段全长 2 6 35bp ,包括 5个有意义的开放阅读框 :HaSNPVORF2 2 7,晚期表达因子 10基因 (lef10 ) ,vp10 5 4基因 ,Ac5 5 (AcMNPVORF5 5的同源基因 ) ,Ac5 6 (AcMNPVORF5 6的同源基因 )。与其它 6种杆状病毒的氨基酸序列比较表明 ,HaSNPV的lef10基因与甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒 (SeMNPV)的同源性最高 ,为6 4 % ,与冷杉毒蛾核型多角体病毒 (OpMNPV)的同源性最低 ,为 4 3% ;HaSNPV的vp10 5 4基因与SeMNPV的同源性最高 ,为 6 5 % ,与OpMNPV的同源性最低 ,为 4 9%。序列比较表明 ,HaSNPV的LEF10与VP10 5 4蛋白与其它 6种杆状病毒具有相同的保守区和亮氨酸拉链 (leucinezipper)     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒组织蛋白酶基因的序列分析和进化研究

对棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒（HaSNPV)的组织蛋白酶（v-cath）基因进行了序列分析,此基因编码区长1098bp,预防编码一个366个氨基酸的蛋白产物,序列分析表明,HaSNPV的V－CATH蛋白与共它杆状病毒的同源蛋白具有相似的保守结构并保留有相同的酶活性位点,根据已知的杆状病毒组织蛋白酶序列构建了v-cath基因的进化树,发现HaSNPV的v-cath位于NPV组中一个单独的分枝,结合v-cath基因在棉铃虫病毒基因组中的位置与其它NPV有较大不同,推测HaSNPV的v-cath基因可能拥有特殊的进化历程。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418