采用RAPD和ISSR标记研究古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘梭梭种群的遗传结构

梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron (CA Mey.) Bunge)是一种沙漠旱生优势树种,具有重要的生态和经济价值,然而,我们对梭梭种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构所知甚少。本文采用RAPD和ISSR标记对来自古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘的4个天然梭梭种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了检测。5个RAPD引物和8个ISSR引物分别扩增出61和195条带,多态性位点比率分别为83.6%和89.7%,Shannon 信息指数分别为0.333和0.367,RAPD和ISSR分析均表明梭梭种群的遗传多样性水平较高。利用分子方差分析(AMOVA)研究梭梭种群的遗传结构,结果表明,大部分遗传变异存在于种群内,通过RAPD分析发现138.2%的遗传变异发生在种群内;通过ISSR分析发现89.4%的遗传变异发生在种群内;而种群间的遗传分化很小。通过RAPD标记没有检测到种群间的遗传分化, ISSR分析表明10.6%的遗传变异发生在种群内。我们推测梭梭种群较高的遗传多样性水平可能源于对异质、高胁迫环境的长期适应,但还需要进一步的研究加以证实。种群间遗传分异低的主要原因是种群间存在强大的基因流。     

利用ISSR标记对新疆梭梭遗传多样性的研究

利用ISSR分子标记对新疆梭梭8个居群、218个个体进行了遗传多样性的比较分析,在供试材料中,11个引物共扩增出222个多态位点,多态位点百分率为89.23%,8个居群的多态位点百分率差异在23.42%~45.05%之间,多态位点百分率最高的是乌苏居群,最低的为托克逊居群.遗传变异分析表明,物种水平的基因分化系数Gst为63.78.居群间的基因流Nm为0.284 0,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.506 0,物种水平的Nei s基因多样度(H)为0.336 2.遗传分析表明乌苏居群和莫索湾居群有较近的遗传距离.     

准噶尔盆地东南缘梭梭种群结构与动态研究

通过样地调查和数据统计分析,对准噶尔盆地东南缘梭梭种群现状绘制径级结构图,编制生命表、分析存活曲线、死亡率曲线和寿命期望等参数,并运用时间序列模型预测种群数量动态.结果表明:种群整体结构属于增长型,但梭梭种群幼苗个体少,Ⅰ、Ⅱ龄级个体数目少于Ⅲ龄级的个体数目.存活曲线基本接近DeeveyⅢ型,种群偏离典型存活曲线的程度与幼苗缺乏有关;环境因素和人为干扰的影响,梭梭在Ⅲ～V龄级死亡率较高,种群在第Ⅳ级出现死亡高峰,且只有少量幼年个体能进入成年阶段,个体平均生存能力的期望在第Ⅳ级最大;时间序列分析表明,在未来第Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ龄级的个体会呈现老龄个体增加的趋势,种群稳定性长期维持困难.适当的人工辅助恢复和现有植株及生境的保护是保持梭梭种群自然更新和种群恢复的关键.     

利用ISSR标记对新疆白梭梭居群的遗传多样性分析

利用ISSR分子标记对新疆白梭梭4个居群,105个个体进行了遗传多样性的比较分析。在供试材料中,11个引物共扩增出171个多态位点,多态位点百分率为84．85％,4个居群的多态位点百分率差异在33．92％．40．35％之间。Shannon多样性指数（I）为0．3518,物种水平的Nei基因多样度（h）为0．3482。遗传变异分析表明,物种水平的居群间遗传分化系数Gst为0．6238,居群间的基因流Nm为0．3016。遗传分析表明吐鲁番居群和甘家湖居群的遗传距离最近。     

药用植物华中五味子的种群遗传多样性及遗传结构

华中五味子（Schisandra sphenanthera）是著名的药用植物,具有悠久的药用历史和巨大的开发潜力。为了有效评估、利用和保护华中五味子资源,应用自主开发的9对SSR引物研究了华中五味子自然种群的遗传多样性与遗传结构。结果表明：在10个采样种群中,共检测到58个等位基因,平均预期杂合度H_E为0.528,平均观察杂合度H_O为0.519,较大的连续种群保持了较高的遗传多样性,而小种群的遗传多样性则相对较低;华中五味子总体表现为显著的杂合子缺失,内繁育系数F_IS为0.042;种群间总的遗传分化系数F_ST为0.108,两两种群间分化显著;贝叶斯聚类结果把10个采样种群按遗传组成分为江南组和江北组2组,长江所形成的特殊地理屏障对华中五味子江南和江北地区间较高的遗传分化造成了影响。     

古尔班通古特沙漠梭梭种群径级与龄级关系的研究

对古尔班通古特沙漠不同土壤类型梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)种群径级结构、年龄结构进行实地调查统计,分别比较不同种群结构模型及存活曲线。结果显示:梭梭个体大小与年龄呈直线关系;以径级和龄级作为划分大小结构时,径级结构和年龄结构类型表现一致;对两个函数的总体误差和区间误差比较净高显示,径级方程和龄级方程的相近程度在误差允许范围内且以径级结构和龄级结构应用到存活曲线的分析中效果良好。研究表明,梭梭种群可以采用径级结构代替年龄结构的方法进行研究。     

基于微卫星标记的中国东北地区灰飞虱遗传变异及种群遗传结构分析

【目的】本研究旨在明确我国东北地区灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus种群遗传变异及种群遗传结构,阐明种群间遗传分化与基因流。【方法】利用9对微卫星引物对采自我国东北地区15个地理种群的375头灰飞虱样品进行测序与分析;利用GeneAlex6.51, GENEPOP4.0.9和STRUCTURE 2.3.4等软件分析灰飞虱地理种群间的遗传多样性、遗传分化、基因流及种群遗传结构。【结果】在所分析的375头灰飞虱个体中,各位点平均有效等位基因数Na=6.898;总体上,灰飞虱不同地理种群遗传多样性较高(平均观测杂合度Ho=0.548;平均期望杂合度He=0.582),各种群间基因流较低(Nm=0.660)。UPGMA聚类树、PCoA及STRCTURE分析结果表明,东北地区灰飞虱种群分为两分支:吉林(JL)和沈阳(SY2012,SY2013和SY2014)种群聚为一支;其余种群聚为一支。AMOVA分析结果表明,灰飞虱遗传变异主要来自种群内(87%),种群间变异水平较低(13%)。【结论】中国东北地区灰飞虱遗传多样性较高,不同地理种群存在一定程度的遗传分化,且基因交流较低,存在一...     

基于ISSR标记的南方红豆杉野生种群和迁地保护种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

采用ISSR标记方法,对南方红豆杉〔Taxus chinensis(Pilger)Rehd.var.mairei(Lemée et Lévl.)Cheng et L.K.Fu〕3个野生种群(包括江西黄港和黄沙种群以及福建枫溪种群)、2个迁地保护栽培种群及2个迁地保护衍生种群(均位于江苏南京中山植物园和江西庐山植物园)的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析和比较。结果显示:用8个引物从南方红豆杉的基因组总DNA中共扩增出73条带,其中多态性条带62条。2个迁地保护衍生种群的多态性条带百分率(PPB)、Nei’s多样性指数(h)和Shannon信息指数(I)较高,3个野生种群的PPB、h和I值总体上居中,而2个迁地保护栽培种群的PPB、h和I值较低。合并后的迁地保护衍生种群以及野生种群均有较高的遗传多样性,二者的PPB、h和I值相近,分别为78.08%和82.19%、0.207 6和0.205 8、0.322 9和0.325 9;但二者的遗传结构存在差异,迁地保护衍生种群的遗传分化系数(GST)为0.068 9,明显低于野生种群(0.168 5)。合并后的迁地保护栽培种群的遗传多样性相对较低,PPB、h和I值分别为60...     

基于ISSR和RAPD标记的4个夏蜡梅种群的遗传多样性研究

利用ISSR和RAPD技术对4个夏蜡梅种群25个单株的遗传多样性进行研究。从60条简单重复序列引物中筛选出了10条引物在25个个体中共检测到62个可重复的位点,其中多态位点为41个,总的多态位点百分率为65.60%;从60条寡居核苷酸引物中筛选出了10条引物共扩增出52个位点,其中多态性位点31个,多态性位点的百分率为57.50%。Shannon指数估算的夏蜡梅群体总遗传多样性为0.3737,各群体平均遗传多样性为0.1645。Nei’s指数估算的夏蜡梅群体总遗传多样性为0.2528,各群体平均遗传多样性为01117;物种水平的有效等位基因数为1.4473,平均值为1.1972。4个自然群体的基因分化系数Gst=05297,即总的变异中有52.97%的变异存在于群体间,而群体内的遗传变异占总变异的47.03%,群体间遗传距离平均值0.2187。也表明了夏蜡梅4个群体间出现了遗传分化。夏蜡梅群体间的基因流较低,Nm=04450。聚类分析将4个种群聚为2支,且聚类结果表现出明显的地域性特征。作为狭域分布种,夏蜡梅各群体间存在遗传分化和多样性程度不高,对夏蜡梅种群多样性的就地和迁地保护势在必行。     

采用RAPD和ISSR标记探讨中国疣粒野生稻的遗传多样性

用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）和ｉｎｔｅｒ－简单重复序列（ＩＳＳＲ０标记对分别来自中国海南和云南２０个居群的疣料野生稻（Ｏｒｙａｚ ｇｒａｎｕｌａｔａ （Ｎｅｅｓ ｅｔ Ａｒｎ． ｅｘ Ｗａｔｔ．））混合样品,以及海南（Ｍ５）和云南（Ｍ２７）２个居群各２０个植株的遗传多生进行了检测。在混合取样的居群中,２０个ＲＡＰＤ引物和１２个ＩＳＳＲ引物分别扩增出２０９个１２２条带,多态条带比率９ＰＰＢ）分别     

Genetic variation within and among populations of a dominant desert tree Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) in China

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: China is one of the countries most severely affected by desertification. Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) is an ecologically important component of the desert ecosystem and is one of the main tree species used for restoration, yet we know little about its genetic structure. METHODS: Genetic variation within and between nine populations of H. ammodendron from two regions of China was investigated using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers. KEY RESULTS: Eight primers used in this study amplified 219 reproducible bands of which 184 (84 %) were polymorphic. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed high genetic variation within populations (97.63 %) and low genetic differentiation between regions (0.62 %) and among populations (1.75 %). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the present genetic structure could have arisen by high levels of gene flow. The gene flow among populations observed here is probably mainly attributable to pollen movement. The genetic structure also has important implications in ecological restoration practice.     

内蒙古阿拉善沙漠中可被寄生和未被寄生梭梭的遗传关系分析

Haloxylon ammodendron （C. A. Mey.） Bunge is a host for the holoparasitic plant Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, the original source of medicinal material known as Herba Cistanchis. The inter-simple sequence repeat marker was used to assess the genetic variations and relationships among six accessions ofH. ammodendron with a total of 120 individuals collected from three localities in the Alxa Desert, Inner Mongolia, China. At each locality, individuals both parasitized （PP） by C. deserticola and non-parasitized （NP） were sampled. The results showed that Nei＇s gene diversity and Shannon＇s index of PP accessions were higher, but were not significantly different, from those of NP accessions. An unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average dendrogram showed two clusters, one that included all PP accessions, and the other the NP accessions. Genetic differentiation therefore existed between PP and NP accessions, which might be attributed to low gene flow between the NP and PP groups （Nm〈 1）. However, the relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance within each group, although not statistically significant in this study, might be associated with high gene flow in both the NP and PP groups.     

Genetic relationship between parasitized and non‐parasitized Haloxylon ammodendron in the Alxa Desert

Abstract Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge is a host for the holoparasitic plant Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, the original source of medicinal material known as Herba Cistanchis. The inter‐simple sequence repeat marker was used to assess the genetic variations and relationships among six accessions of H. ammodendron with a total of 120 individuals collected from three localities in the Alxa Desert, Inner Mongolia, China. At each locality, individuals both parasitized (PP) by C. deserticola and non‐parasitized (NP) were sampled. The results showed that Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's index of PP accessions were higher, but were not significantly different, from those of NP accessions. An unweighted pair‐group method arithmetic average dendrogram showed two clusters, one that included all PP accessions, and the other the NP accessions. Genetic differentiation therefore existed between PP and NP accessions, which might be attributed to low gene flow between the NP and PP groups (Nm<1). However, the relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance within each group, although not statistically significant in this study, might be associated with high gene flow in both the NP and PP groups.     

Genetic relationship between parasitized and non-parasitized Haloxyion ammodendron in the Alxa Desert

Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge is a host for the holoparasitic plant Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, the original source of medicinal material known as Herba Cistanchis. The inter-simple sequence repeat marker was used to assess the genetic variations and relationships among six accessions of H. ammodendron with a total of 120 individuals collected from three localities in the Alxa Desert, Inner Mongolia, China. At each locality, individuals both parasitized (PP) by C. deserticola and non-parasitized (NP) were sampled. The results showed that Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's index of PP accessions were higher, but were not significantly different, from those of NP accessions. An unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average dendrogram showed two clusters, one that included all PP accessions, and the other the NP accessions. Genetic differentiation therefore existed between PP and NP accessions, which might be attributed to low gene flow between the NP and PP groups (Nm< 1). However, the relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance within each group, although not statistically significant in this study, might be associated with high gene flow in both the NP and PP groups.     

古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭树干液流及耗水量

梭梭广泛分布于我国西部干旱区,利用热脉冲技术对古尔班通古特沙漠生长期原生梭梭的树干液流耗水特征进行了研究。随着水分条件的不同,影响树干液流过程的主导因素有所不同。根区土壤体积含水量在8.7%-12.1%时,梭梭日树干液流量与土壤水分显著相关;土壤含水量＞12.1%时,液流更多的受到气象因素的影响;土壤含水量＜8.7%,树干液流与气象要素之间没有相关性,液流更多的受植物生理特征影响。在土壤水分最丰富的4月份,随着土壤水分的降低,白天与夜间的液流变化趋同;4月份日平均液流量约是5-9月份的2倍。梭梭的液流通量从古尔班通古特沙漠原生林的0.156L?cm-2?d-1到塔中人工滴灌林的0.876 L?cm-2?d-1,均处于正常生长状态,表明梭梭生态需水的可塑性范围较广。基径为7.8cm和9.0cm的梭梭在4月至9月份生长期的实际耗水量分别是95mm和117mm。     

利用RAPD和ISSR标记分析青麻种质遗传多样性

利用RAPD和ISSR分子标记检测来自全国11个省(市)的48份青麻种质资源的遗传多样性,为青麻资源利用和育种提供分子生物学依据.在48份青麻种质资源中,17条RAPD引物扩增出191条带,多态条带比率为87.43%;9条ISSR引物扩增出82条带,多态条带比率为88.89%,扩增产物片段大小都在0.1～3.0kb之间.两种分子标记的结果呈显著正相关(r=0.80).基于UPGMA聚类,野生种和栽培种各自聚为相应的类别.     

居群遗传结构研究中显性标记数据方法初探

为对比显性标记应用于居群遗传结构研究时不同统计参数的适用性,利用RAPD技术对中国5个居群的100个疣粒野生稻个体进行了遗传结构分析。在衡量居群遗传多样性水平时,多态位点比率（PPB）会低估遗传变异的量,其价值不如Shannon多样性指数和Nei基因多样性指数,而采用Nei指数时不必进行Lynch-Milligan矫正。对个体间遗传关系进行分析时,17种遗传相似性指数矩阵两两之间的Mantel检测都表现出极显著的相关性（r＞0.95,t＞t