浅谈油松新育苗的培育及注意事项

油松是西北地区荒山造林的先锋树种。油松苗的培育可分两种:容器或播种。无论容器,还是播种,油松新育苗的培育都要遵循一定顺序,从采种、选地、整地到处理种子和播种都要科学培育。播种后,还要科学管理,注意防寒、防冻,以确保油松新育苗的安全、优质。     

西南桦播种期和育苗技术的研究

通过对西南桦种子两种不同播种时期育苗的对比 ,发现秋季播种的一年生苗木比即采即播的一年生苗木的高生长、地径生长、主根长和侧根数分别提高 5 7.1 %、3 9.5 %、1 8.5 %和 2 3 .0 % ,避开了炎热夏季 ,根际病害感染程度比即采即播苗木减少 88.1 % ,苗木质量显著提高 ,同时提出了秋季播种育苗各个时期的育苗技术措施     

育苗容器规格对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗生长的影响

采用不同规格控根育苗容器对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗进行悬空和近地培养,观测其生长情况。结果表明,悬空培养对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗的纵向伸长(株高、主根长度)影响较为显著。育苗容器的高度一致时,体积越大的育苗容器,根系伸展空间越多,苗木地上部分长势越好;体积一致时,高度越高的育苗容器,苗木主根长度越长,但对籽苗地上部分及主根粗度影响较小。     

番橄榄实生育苗技术初探

对番橄榄实生育苗技术进行初步研究。结果表明,番橄榄育苗不宜使用果实直接播种,应采用成熟种子进行容器袋育苗,这样既有利于提高种子发芽率,又可避免移栽时苗木受损伤;遮荫度30%、空气相对湿度80%~90%有利于种子发芽和幼苗生长。     

旱冬瓜育苗和造林技术

本文对旱冬瓜进行了播种、育苗、造林等方面的概述,其中播种育苗要掌握好采种时间、种子处理及播种时间,造林在夏季及时进行,采用宽窄行种植,提高木材质量和出材率。     

糖胶树育苗造林技术

总结报导了糖胶树在临沧耿马大洪山林场和临翔区两地育苗和造林试验技术总结,包括了采种时期、种子千粒重、场圃发芽试验、苗木生长量、造林地选择、造林时间和方法等7个方面的技术措施。     

糖胶树育苗造林技术

总结报导了糖胶树在临沧耿马大洪山林场和临翔区两地育苗和造林试验技术总结,包括了采种时期、种子千粒重、场圃发芽试验、苗木生长量、造林地选择、造林时间和方法等7个方面的技术措施.     

黑果枸杞育苗繁殖技术

介绍了黑果枸杞的育苗技术,主要包括选地与整地、种子采集和贮藏、种子处理、土壤处理、播种和田间管理等内容,以期为黑果枸杞的种子育苗提供技术参考。     

浅谈林业容器育苗技术措施的实施

当前,我国森林资源日益稀少,发展林业产业需要不断促进,以适应森林资源的需求。对于造林来说,好的育苗技术及管理是苗木质量以及林业需求的根本保证。传统育苗技术已经出现了很多弊端,新的育苗技术需要被采用。容器育苗技术就是一种新的育苗技术。就林业容器育苗技术措施的实施,本文作了浅谈。     

油用牡丹容器育苗技术研究

采用不同基质配比开展油用牡丹容器育苗技术,分析不同处理对油用牡丹容器苗生长的影响。结果表明:油用牡丹容器苗对基质配比的生长反应差异很大,泥炭比例较高的配比基质其油用牡丹容器苗的生长表现较好。提高油用牡丹容器苗木质量的最佳基质组合为:泥炭70%+珍珠岩10%+蛭石10%+腐熟的鸡粪10%,该基质配比既能保证油用牡丹容器苗的苗高、地径、生物量等指标的充分生长,同时又能促进根系与基质紧密的根系团,有利于油用牡丹容器苗根系生长。     

种皮和播种深度对辽东栎种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响

在玻璃温室内遮荫条件下,研究种皮和播种深度(0、2、5、10和15 cm)对辽东栎种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响.结果表明： 种皮对辽东栎种子萌发具有明显的抑制作用,去除种皮后,种子萌发率显著升高,不同播种深度处理种子萌发率平均升高19.4%,且萌发指数和活力指数显著增大,萌发进程加快.去皮种子和非去皮种子的萌发率均在2 cm播种深度下最大,分别为78.9%和62.2%;萌发指数和活力指数均在2 cm播种深度下最大,而萌发速率系数在5 cm播种深度下最大.去皮处理幼苗的单株叶面积和干质量与非去皮处理相比均显著增大,但比根长显著减小.去皮和非去皮处理幼苗株高均在5 cm播种深度下最大,分别为13.8和14.2 cm;基径随播种深度增加逐渐增大,而主根长、侧根数和最大侧根长均减小;幼苗干质量受播种深度影响较小.     

元谋干热河谷车桑子种子休眠与萌芽的空间变异特征研究

为明确车桑子[Dodonaea viscosa(L.)Jacq.]种子的休眠特性和地理变异特性,测定了云南省元谋县凉山乡(属北亚热带区)和坝区苴林乡(属南亚热带区)车桑子种子形态,观察了种子的休眠特性和萌发特性。结果表明,两地的车桑子种子都具有物理休眠特性,经热水处理的种子萌发率显著高于未处理的种子(P=0.001)。两地种子在长、宽、长/宽以及种子百粒重上十分接近,其萌发特征和幼苗生长特征没有表现出显著差异。因此,坝区苴林乡和凉山乡种子并未发生地理变异,两地均适合车桑子采种,但在播种前应进行种子休眠破除,以提高种子发芽率。     

海滨猫尾木种子萌发和实生苗抗逆性研究

本文研究不同播种时间对海滨猫尾木种子萌发的影响,以及淹水、盐度、低温条件对其实生苗生长的影响。结果表明,海滨猫尾木种子千粒重为52g,种子密度0.021g·cm^-3,种子首次出芽时间在9~16d不等,发芽率和发芽势随着播种时间推移逐渐降低。水淹至根颈对幼苗生长影响不显著,完全水淹22d后幼苗开始死亡。幼苗耐受盐分浓度为10g·kg^-1,盐分浓度超过10g·kg^-1不利于幼苗正常生长,盐分浓度超过18g·kg^-1幼苗叶片开始卷曲、脱落。3℃低温胁迫对幼苗正常生长有不利影响,0℃会导致幼苗呈现半致死状态。海滨猫尾木种子适宜随采随播,幼苗具有较强的耐水淹特性,适生盐度范围广,不耐低温。     

种子特征和播种深度对辽东栎种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

该文在玻璃温室内的遮阴环境下,采用盆播方法研究了辽东栎种子特征(大小和种皮)和播种深度(0、3、6、10 cm)对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)辽东栎大种子萌发率、萌发速率、萌发值和萌发指数在所有播种深度均高于小种子。其中非去皮种子萌发率、萌发速率和萌发指数在0 cm播种深度的不同大小种子间差异显著,去皮种子所有萌发参数在6和10 cm播种深度的不同大小种子间均差异显著;去皮可促进大种子萌发,但抑制小种子萌发;不同大小种子所有萌发参数均在0 cm播种深度最大,在10cm播种深度最小。(2)不论有无种皮,大种子萌发幼苗的叶片数、单株叶面积、总干物质质量和根冠比在所有播种深度均大于小种子萌发幼苗;去皮种子萌发幼苗的株高、基径、叶片数、单株叶面积和总干物质质量在所有播种深度均不同程度地小于非去皮种子萌发幼苗,但前者根冠比在0、3、6 cm播种深度大于后者;随着播种深度增大,幼苗株高、叶片数、单株叶面积、总干物质质量和根冠比等生长参数均呈减小趋势,但基径随播种深度增大而增大。     

A study of the relationship between seedling characters and rate of germination within a seed lot

The relationship between seedling characters and germination rate within a seed lot was studied in cauliflower, leek and onion seeds. Newly germinated seeds were selected after successive days of imbibition at 20°C and placed on slope tests to assess early seedling growth. In all three species seedling length decreased and the coefficient of variation of those seedling lengths increased with increasing number of days of imbibition required for germination. Slow germinating seeds in all three species produced fewer normal healthy seedlings than faster germinating seeds. The relevance of these results to pre-germinated seed sowing techniques is discussed.     

氯苯胁迫对大豆种子萌发的伤害

在实验室人工控制条件下 ,研究了不同浓度 1,2 ,4 三氯苯胁迫对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 .结果表明 ,5 0～ 2 0 0 μg·g-1的 1,2 ,4 三氯苯胁迫对大豆种子的发芽率影响甚小 ,但延迟大豆种子的出苗速率 ;30 0 μg·g-1的 1,2 ,3 三氯苯胁迫使种子停止发芽 .在正常条件下 ,大豆种子播种后第 4天其下胚轴超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性达到高峰 ,之后趋于稳定 .不同浓度 1,2 ,4 三氯苯处理使大豆下胚轴SOD活性下降 ,丙二醛 (MDA)、蛋白质含量及下胚轴直径增加 ;幼苗的生长受抑制 ,干重、鲜重有一定程度的下降 ;而鲜重 /干重的比值变化不大 .受害程度随着 1,2 ,4 三氯苯浓度的增加而加重 .初生根比下胚轴对 1,2 ,4 三氯苯胁迫较为敏感 .     

The Influence of Seed Size Variation on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour in Diploid and Tetraploid Dactylis glomerata L.

In this study the effects of seed size variation on germinationand seedling vigour have been investigated within and betweenploidy levels of diploid and related autotetraploid Dactylixglomerata. Rates of seed germination and seedling growth werecompared in two contrasting environments using diploid and tetraploidseeds of equal and also different biomass. Within each ploidylevel, seed biomass had no effect on either the overall percentagenor the rate of germination. In contrast, the comparison ofseeds of equal biomass but differing in ploidy level showedthat seeds from tetraploid plants germinated faster and to ahigher percentage than those from diploid plants. With respectto seedling growth, heavier seeds from the tetraploid genotypesgave seedlings of significantly higher biomass than those fromlighter tetraploid and diploid seeds throughout the 2 monthsof study. Interestingly, seeds of equal biomass but from differentploidy levels produced seedlings more similar than those fromthe extreme seed weight categories. These differences were maintainedin two different environmental conditions. These results suggestthat there is a complex interdependance of seed size and ploidyon seed germination and seedling growth but is not a simpleconsequence of differences in seed size between diploids andtheir related tetraploids.Copyright 1995, 1999 Academic Press Dactylis glomerata, polyploidy, seed size, germination, seedling     

水分条件对干热河谷锥连栎种子萌发及幼苗早期生长的影响

对锥连栎(Quercus franchetii Skan)在4种施水量下的种子萌发、幼苗早期生长形态及生物量分配的响应特征进行了研究。结果表明,施水量对锥连栎的种子萌发过程具有显著影响。随着施水量增加,其种子萌发率、萌发指数以及萌发时间和萌发持续时间均呈明显的上升趋势,而萌发时滞和萌发速率系数呈下降趋势。锥连栎幼苗早期生长对施水量的适应幅度较大,每次施水4～12 mm时,幼苗均能存活,但生长状况存在明显差异,随着施水量的减少,幼苗生长和生物量的积累速度均出现显著减缓。同时,施水量对锥连栎幼苗生物量分配具有显著影响,随着施水量增加,幼苗根冠比呈显著下降趋势,表明在生物量分配上锥连栎幼苗具有极大的可塑性,施水量减少时,光合产物将向地下部分迁移,增加根冠比。     

Quantitative genetic analysis of seed vigour and pre-emergence seedling growth traits in Brassica oleracea

The ability of seeds to germinate and establish seedlings in a predictable manner under a range of conditions has a direct contribution to the economic success of commercial crops, and should therefore be considered in crop improvement. We measured traits associated with seed vigour and pre-emergence seedling growth in a segregating population of 105 doubled haploid Brassica oleracea lines. The germination traits measured were: mean germination times for unstressed germination; germination under water stress or germination after a heat treatment; and conductivity of seed leachate. The seedling growth traits measured were: seed weight; seedling growth rate; and seedling size at the end of the exponential growth phase. There were some correlations, notably among germination traits, and between seed weight and pre-emergence seedling growth. Heritability of the various traits was typically in the 10–15% range, with heritability of conductivity and mean germination time under water stress 25 and 24% respectively. Collectively the results indicate that germination and pre-emergence seedling growth are under separate genetic control. Quantitative trait loci analyses were carried out on all measurements and revealed significant loci on linkage groups O1, O3, O6, O7 and O9. We suggest that genes at these loci are important in determining predictable seed germination and seedling establishment in practice.     

The underground phase: a special challenge in studies of terrestrial orchid populations

Orchid seeds are minute and the first seedling stages of terrestrial species are underground, so there is little knowledge about the biology of the early life history and the size of seed/seedling populations relative to the number of plants that eventually emerge above ground. A recently developed field sowing technique makes it possible to explore a variety of topics such as the length of time that seeds spend as part of the soil seed bank, the phenology of seed germination, substrate requirements for germination, dependence of germination on fungal availability, substrate requirements and growth rate of seedlings, seedling phenology and development, and seedling-fungus specificity patterns in the soil. Several of these applications are relevant for conservation issues. Studies of Goodyera pubescens, Corallorhiza odontorhiza and Liparis lilifolia show considerable variation in germination strategies, patterns of seedling development and establishment, substrate requirements, and levels of specificity with the fungi.