共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Holger Kubas Udo Meyer Bjoern Krueger Mirko Hechenberger Maksims Vanejevs Ronalds Zemribo Valerjans Kauss Raisa Ambartsumova Ilya Pyatkin Alexey I. Polosukhin Ulrich Abel 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(16):4493-4500
A virtual screening approach using various in silico methodologies led to the discovery of 2-(m-tolylamino)-7,8-dihydroquinazolin-5(6H)-one (1) as a moderately active negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) showing high selectivity against the subtype mGluR1. Modifications of the parent compound by rational design yielded a series of highly potent derivatives which will serve as valuable starting points for further hit-to-lead optimization efforts toward a suitable drug candidate for the treatment of l-DOPA induced dyskinesia. 相似文献
2.
Varnes JG Marcus AP Mauger RC Throner SR Hoesch V King MM Wang X Sygowski LA Spear N Gadient R Brown DG Campbell JB 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(5):1402-1406
Novel in vitro mGlu5 positive allosteric modulators with good potency, solubility, and low lipophilicity are described. Compounds were identified which did not rely on the phenylacetylene and carbonyl functionalities previously observed to be required for in vitro activity. Investigation of the allosteric binding requirements of a series of dihydroquinolinone analogs led to phenylacetylene azachromanone 4 (EC50 11.5 nM). Because of risks associated with potential metabolic and toxicological liabilities of the phenylacetylene, this moiety was successfully replaced with a phenoxymethyl group (27; EC50 156.3 nM). Derivation of a second-generation of mGlu5 PAMs lacking a ketone carbonyl resulted in azaindoline (33), azabenzimidazole (36), and N-methyl 8-azaoxazine (39) phenylacetylenes. By scoping nitrogen substituents and phenylacetylene replacements in 39, we identified phenoxymethyl 8-azaoxazine 47 (EC50 50.1 nM) as a potent and soluble mGlu5 PAM devoid of both undesirable phenylacetylene and carbonyl functionalities. 相似文献
3.
Holger Kubas Udo Meyer Mirko Hechenberger Kai-Uwe Klein Patrick Plitt Ronalds Zemribo Harm W. Spexgoor Sander G.A. van Assema Ulrich Abel 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(23):6370-6376
The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 has evolved into a promising target for the treatment of various diseases of the central nervous system, such as Fragile X and l-DOPA induced dyskinesia. One of the most advanced clinical compound is Novartis’ AFQ-056 (Mavoglurant), which served us as a template for a scaffold hopping approach, generating a structurally diverse set of potent analogs. Both the limited aqueous solubility and the relatively poor metabolic stability of AFQ-056 were improved with hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole derivative 54a, which proved to be a valuable candidate for further development. 相似文献
4.
Trabanco AA Duvey G Cid JM Macdonald GJ Cluzeau P Nhem V Furnari R Behaj N Poulain G Finn T Lavreysen H Poli S Raux A Thollon Y Poirier N D'Addona D Andrés JI Lutjens R Le Poul E Imogai H Rocher JP 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(3):971-976
A series of N-propyl-8-chloro-6-substituted isoquinolones was identified as positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2 PAM) via high throughput screening (HTS). The subsequent synthesis and initial SAR exploration that led to the identification of compound 28 is described. 相似文献
5.
Andrew S. Felts Katrina A. Bollinger Christopher J. Brassard Alice L. Rodriguez Ryan D. Morrison J. Scott Daniels Anna L. Blobaum Colleen M. Niswender Carrie K. Jones P. Jeffrey Conn Kyle A. Emmitte Craig W. Lindsley 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2019,29(1):47-50
This letter describes the further chemical optimization of VU0424238 (auglurant), an mGlu5 NAM clinical candidate that failed in non-human primate (NHP) 28?day toxicology due to accumulation of a species-specific aldehyde oxidase (AO) metabolite of the pyrimidine head group. Here, we excised the pyrimidine moiety, identified the minimum pharmacophore, and then developed a new series of saturated ether head groups that ablated any AO contribution to metabolism. Putative back-up compounds in this novel series provided increased sp3 character, uniform CYP450-mediated metabolism across species, good functional potency and high CNS penetration. Key to the optimization was a combination of matrix and iterative libraries that allowed rapid surveillance of multiple domains of the allosteric ligand. 相似文献
6.
Zou MF Cao J Rodriguez AL Conn PJ Newman AH 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(9):2650-2654
Based on SAR in the alkyne class of mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulators and a set of amide-based positive allosteric modulators, optimized substitution of the aryl ‘b’ ring was used to create substituted N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides. Results from an mGlu5 receptor functional assay, using calcium fluorescence, revealed varying efficacies and potencies that provide evidence that subtle changes in compounds within a close structural class can have marked effects on functional activity including switches in modes of efficacy (i.e., negative to positive allosteric modulation). 相似文献
7.
《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2020,28(13):115531
The M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) is a member of the family of mAChRs, which are associated with a variety of physiological functions including the contraction of various smooth muscle tissues, stimulation of glandular secretion, and regulation of a range of cholinergic processes in the central nerve system. We report here the discovery and a comprehensive structure-activity relationships (SARs) study of novel positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the M3 mAChR through a high throughput screening (HTS) campaign. Compound 9 exhibited potent in vitro PAM activity towards the M3 mAChR and significant enhancement of muscle contraction in a concentration-dependent manner when applied to isolated smooth muscle strips of rat bladder. Compound 9 also showed excellent subtype selectivity over other subtypes of mAChRs including M1, M2, and M4 mAChRs, and moderate selectivity over the M5 mAChR, indicating that compound 9 is an M3-preferring M3/M5 dual PAM. Moreover, compound 9 displayed acceptable pharmacokinetics profiles after oral dosing to rats. These results suggest that compound 9 may be a promising chemical probe for the M3 mAChR for further investigation of its pharmacological function both in vitro and in vivo. 相似文献
8.
Alexander Flohr Roman Hutter Barbara Mueller Claudia Bohnert Mélanie Pellisson Hervé Schaffhauser 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2017,27(24):5415-5419
Positive modulation of the muscarinic M1-receptor has for a long time attracted scientists and drug developers for the potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease or Schizophrenia. The precognitive potential of M1 activation has however not been clinically demonstrated as a result of side effects associated both with agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAM’s) of the M1-receptor. To avoid excessive activation of the M1-receptor we have designed a new screening format and developed the first low-shift positive allosteric modulators for the M1 receptor. Low-shift PAM’s offer the potential of “use-dependent” attenuation of transmitter-signaling while avoiding pseudo-agonistic behavior in vivo as a common limitation of the so far described high-shift PAM’s. With these novel M1-PAM’s, the M1 receptor is potentially the first GPCR for which both, high- and low shift PAM’s have become available. 相似文献
9.
Gao F Sexton PM Christopoulos A Miller LJ 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2008,18(15):4401-4404
The cholecystokinin (CCK1) receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor important for nutrient homeostasis. The molecular basis of CCK-receptor binding has been debated, with one prominent model suggesting occupation of the same region of the intramembranous helical bundle as benzodiazepines. Here, we used a specific assay of allosteric ligand interaction to probe the mode of binding of devazepide, a prototypic benzodiazepine ligand. Devazepide elicited marked slowing of dissociation of pre-bound CCK, only possible through binding to a topographically distinct allosteric site. This effect was disrupted by chemical modification of a cysteine in the benzodiazepine-binding pocket. Application of an allosteric model to the equilibrium interaction between a series of benzodiazepine ligands and CCK yielded quantitative estimates of each modulator’s affinity for the allosteric site, as well as the degree of negative cooperativity for the interaction between occupied orthosteric and allosteric sites. The allosteric nature of benzodiazepine binding to the CCK1 receptor provides new opportunities for small molecule drug development. 相似文献
10.
Guillaume Duvey Benjamin Perry Emmanuel Le Poul Sonia Poli Beatrice Bonnet Nathalie Lambeng Delphine Charvin Tansy Donovan-Rodrigues Hasnaà Haddouk Stefania Gagliardi Jean-Philippe Rocher 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(16):4523-4527
A series of potent non-acetylinic negative allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5 NAMs) was developed starting from HTS screening hit 1. Potency was improved via iterative SAR, and physicochemical properties were optimized to deliver orally bioavailable compounds acceptable for in vivo testing. A lead molecule from the series demonstrated dose-dependent activity in the second phase of the rat formalin test from 30 mg/kg, and a preliminary PK/PD relationship was established. 相似文献
11.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) are G-protein-coupled receptors playing an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, mGlus have been identified in peripheral tissues, and aberrant expression or inhibition of the receptors functions in the development of certain cancers. However, the correlation of mGlu activity with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effects of inhibiting mGlu5 activity in hepatocarcinoma cell lines and a xenograft model. Inactivation of mGlu5 with 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethyl)-pyridine (MPEP), a specific antagonist of the receptor, caused inhibition of cell growth, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells, assessed by MTT assay, ATP production, wound healing, and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. Moreover, inhibition of tumor growth and the potential metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma were also found in nude mice. Furthermore, mGlu5-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation has been found to be partially involved in cell growth and migration, as detected by stimulation of (S)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), an agonist of the receptor, and blockage of MPEP and U0126, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK). These data indicate that inhibiting the activity of mGlu5 has the molecular potential to suppress oncogenic actions by blocking downstream effector molecules. The study suggests that mGlu5 activity may contribute to understanding the development of HCC. 相似文献
12.
Utley T Haddenham D Salovich JM Zamorano R Vinson PN Lindsley CW Hopkins CR Niswender CM 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(23):6955-6959
Herein we report the discovery and SAR of a novel antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu(4)). The antagonist was discovered via a molecular switch from a closely related mGlu(4) positive allosteric modulator (PAM). This antagonist (VU0448383) displays an IC(50) value of 8.2±0.4 μM and inhibits an EC(80) glutamate response by 63.1±6.6%. 相似文献
13.
Shin SS Namkoong J Wall BA Gleason R Lee HJ Chen S 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》2008,21(3):368-378
Previously, we reported a transgenic mouse line, TG-3, that develops spontaneous melanoma with 100% penetrance. We demonstrated that ectopic expression of Grm1 in melanocytes was sufficient to induce melanoma in vivo. In this present study, the transforming properties of Grm1 in two cultured immortalized melanocytes were investigated. We showed that, in contrast to parental melanocytes, these Grm1-clones have lost their requirement of TPA supplement for proliferation and have acquired the ability to form colonies in semi-solid medium. Xenografts of these cells formed robust tumors in both immunodeficient nude and syngeneic mice with a short latency (3-5 days). The malignancy of these cells was demonstrated by angiogenesis and invasion to the muscle and the intestine. The requirement of Grm1 expression for the maintenance of transformation was demonstrated by an inducible siRNA system. Induction of expression of siRNA for Grm1 reduced the number of proliferating/viable cells in vitro and suppressed in vivo xenografted tumor growth in comparison with control. Taken together, these results showed that expression of exogeneously introduced Grm1 is sufficient to induce full transformation of immortalized melanocytes. 相似文献
14.
Andrew S. Felts Alice L. Rodriguez Ryan D. Morrison Anna L. Blobaum Frank W. Byers J. Scott Daniels Colleen M. Niswender P. Jeffrey Conn Craig W. Lindsley Kyle A. Emmitte 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2018,28(10):1679-1685
Based on previous work that established fused heterocycles as viable alternatives for the picolinamide core of our lead series of mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), we designed a novel series of 6-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)quinoline-8-carboxamide mGlu5 NAMs. These new quinoline derivatives also contained carbon linkers as replacements for the diaryl ether oxygen atom common to our previously published chemotypes. Compounds were evaluated in a cell-based functional mGlu5 assay, and an exemplar analog 27 was >60-fold selective versus the other seven mGlu receptors. Selected compounds were also studied in metabolic stability assays in rat and human S9 hepatic fractions and exhibited a mixture of P450- and non-P450-mediated metabolism. 相似文献
15.
Extracellular cysteine (Cys)/cystine (CySS) redox potential (Eh) has been shown to regulate diverse biological processes, including enzyme catalysis, gene expression, and signaling pathways for cell proliferation and apoptosis, and is sensitive to aging, smoking, and other host factors. However, the effects of extracellular Cys/CySS redox on the nervous system remain unknown. In this study, we explored the role of extracellular Cys/CySS Eh in metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) activation to understand the mechanism of its regulation of nerve cell growth and activation. We showed that the oxidized Cys/CySS redox state (0 mV) in C6 glial cells induced a significant increase in mGlu5-mediated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), blocked by an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK), U0126, a nonpermeant alkylating agent, 4-acetamide-4′-maleimidylstilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (AMS), and a specific mGlu5 antagonist, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), respectively. ERK phosphorylation under oxidized extracellular Cys/CySS Eh was confirmed in mGlu5-overexpressed human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Oxidized extracellular Cys/CySS Eh also stimulated the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the phosphorylation of ERK by mGlu5. Moreover, activation of mGlu5 by oxidized extracellular Cys/CySS Eh was found to affect expression of NF-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The results also showed that extracellular Cys/CySS Eh involved in the activation of mGlu5 controlled cell death and cell activation in neurotoxicity. In addition, plasma Cys/CySS Eh was found to be associated with the process of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD together with dietary deficiency and supplementation of sulfur amino acid (SAA). The effects of extracellular Cys/CySS Eh on SAA dietary deficiency in the rotenone-induced rat model of PD was almost blocked by MPEP pretreatment, further indicating that oxidized extracellular Cys/CySS Eh plays a role in mGlu5 activity. Taken together, the results indicate that mGlu5 can be activated by extracellular Cys/CySS redox in nerve cells, which possibly contributes to the process of PD. These in vitro and in vivo findings may aid in the development of potential new nutritional strategies that could assist in slowing the degeneration of PD. 相似文献
16.
《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2014,24(15):3641-3646
We report the optimization of a series of novel metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) from a 5,6-bicyclic class of dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-4(5H)-ones containing a phenoxymethyl linker. Studies focused on a survey of non-amide containing hydrogen bond accepting (HBA) pharmacophore replacements. A highly potent and selective PAM, 2-(phenoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-4(5H)-one (11, VU0462054), bearing a simple ketone moiety, was identified (LE = 0.52, LELP = 3.2). In addition, hydroxyl, difluoro, ether, and amino variations were examined. Despite promising lead properties and exploration of alternative core heterocycles, linkers, and ketone replacements, oxidative metabolism and in vivo clearance remained problematic for the series. 相似文献
17.
The role of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) ligands in parkinsonian muscle rigidity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary. It has been shown that the primary striatal dopaminergic hypofunction which is at the origin of Parkinson's disease, results
in a secondary hyperactivity of glutamatergic neurotransmission. In the search for a therapy of Parkinson's disease, ionotropic,
mainly NMDA, receptor antagonists were found to have moderately beneficial, yet also some undesirable side-effects. Therefore
the present study was aimed at determining whether some metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) ligands may have antiparkinsonian
effects in the haloperidol-induced muscle rigidity. To this end three mGluR ligands were used: the potent and selective mGluR
I antagonist (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA), the mixed group II agonist/group I antagonist (S)-4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl-glycine
((S)-4-C3HPG), and the potent group II agonist (+)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexane-2,6,-dicarboxylic acid (LY354740). Only LY354740
penetrated the brain from the periphery; for this reason other drugs were injected bilaterally into the rostral striatum or
nucleus accumbens. The muscle tone was recorded by a mechanomyographic/electromyographic (MMG/EMG) method which measured the
resistance of a rat's hind foot and the EMG reflex response of its muscles to passive movements. (S)-4C3HPG (5 and 15 μg/0.5
μl) and LY354740 (5 and 10 mg/kg i.p.) diminished the muscle rigidity induced by haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.). AIDA (0.5–15
μg/0.5 μl) injected into the striatum was only slightly effective in the highest dose used. However, when injected into the
nucleus accumbens AIDA (15 μg/0.5 μl) significantly and strongly counteracted the haloperidol-induced muscle rigidity. Our
results suggest that stimulation of group II striatal mGluRs seems to play a major role in diminution of parkinsonian-like
muscle rigidity. However, it seems that the antagonism of group I mGluRs located in the nucleus accumbens may also be of importance
to the antiparkinsonian effect.
Received August 31, 1999 Accepted September 3, 1999 相似文献
18.
Siu T Liang J Arruda J Li Y Jones RE Defeo-Jones D Barnett SF Robinson RG 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2008,18(14):4186-4190
This paper describes the improvement of cell potency in a class of allosteric Akt 1 and 2 inhibitors. Key discoveries include identifying the solvent exposed region of the molecule and appending basic amines to enhance the physiochemical properties of the molecules. Findings from the structure–activity relationships are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Katsushi Kumata Tomoteru Yamasaki Akiko Hatori Yiding Zhang Wakana Mori Masayuki Fujinaga Lin Xie Takayuki Okubo Nobuki Nengaki Ming-Rong Zhang 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2017,27(14):3139-3143
The purpose of this study was to develop three new radiotracers, 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-([11C/18F]substituted-phenyl)piperidin-1-yl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile ([11C]1, [11C]2, and [18F]4), and to examine their specific bindings with metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGluR2) in rat brain sections by using in vitro autoradiography. These compounds were found to possess potent in vitro binding affinities (Ki: 8.0–34.1 nM) for mGluR2 in rat brain homogenate. [11C]1, [11C]2, and [18F]4 were synthesized by [11C/18F]alkylation of the corresponding phenol precursors with [11C]methyl iodide or [18F]fluoroethyl bromide with >98% radiochemical purity and 80–130 GBq/μmol specific activity at the end of synthesis. In vitro autoradiography indicated that these radiotracers showed heterogeneous specific bindings in mGluR2-rich brain regions, such as the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and granular layer of the cerebellum. 相似文献
20.
The Group C G protein-coupled receptors include the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), the GABAB receptor, the calcium sensor and several taste receptors, most of which are obligate dimers, indeed recent work has shown that dimerization is necessary for the activation of these receptors. Consequently factors that regulate their ability to homo- or heterodimerize are important. The Group 1 mGluRs include mGluR1 and mGluR5 both of which have splice variants with altered C-termini. In this study, we show that mGluR1b is a dimer and that it does not efficiently heterodimerize with mGluR1a, unlike the two splice variants of mGluR5 that can heterodimerize. Mutation of a positively charged motif (RRKK) at the C-terminus of the mGluR1b tail permits mGluR1b to heterodimerize with mGluR1a. Co-expression of mGluR1a and mGluR1b in COS-7 cells results in the accumulation of mGluR1b in intracellular inclusions that do not contain mGluR1a. This behaviour is mimicked by a chimera of the lymphocyte antigen CD2 with the C-terminus of mGluR1b (pCD1b) and depends on the presence of the RRKK motif. These accumulations are immunoreactive for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers, but not Golgi and ERGIC markers. This segregation of mGluR1b from other ER proteins may contribute to its failure to dimerize with mGluR1a. 相似文献