小月菌属放线菌的研究进展

小月菌属(Microlunatus)菌株在治理磷元素造成的环境污染方面呈现优势,具有广阔的研究与开发前景。1995年Nakamura等以积磷小月菌(Microlunatus phosphovorus)为模式种建立了小月菌属。目前,该属包含7个有效描述种,分离自多种生态环境。小月菌属在分类学上的典型特征是:细胞壁含有LL-二氨基庚二酸,优势甲基萘醌成分为MK-9(H_4),磷酸类脂主要包括双磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰甘油。本文结合我们对新近分离得到的2株小月菌属菌株的分类研究结果和相关文献资料,就小月菌属的建立、分类学特征、属内各成员的分布、及其在化工和医药业上的应用研究进展和开发前景进行了综述。     

伦茨菌属放线菌的研究进展

伦茨菌属(Lentzea)由Yassin等于1995年建立,是一个经典的丝状稀有放线菌类群,目前共包含23个有效描述种。伦茨菌的细胞壁含有meso-二氨基庚二酸,优势甲基萘醌成分为MK-9(H_4),磷酸类脂主要包括磷脂酰乙醇胺、双磷脂酸甘油、磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰肌醇,基因组DNA的(G+C)含量为68.6mol%–79.6mol%。伦茨菌代谢产物具有显著的生物活性多样性,包括I型人体免疫缺损病毒整合酶的抑制活性、抗肿瘤活性、抗结核活性等,在生物医药研究领域逐步显示出潜在的应用价值。本课题组在研究贵州石灰岩风化壳放线菌多样性时分离获得若干株伦茨菌,采用多相分类方法研究Lentzea xinjiangensis DHS C013~T和Lentzea pudingi DHS C021~T两株菌的分类学地位,证实均为伦茨菌属的新物种。在此研究基础上,引用有关文献和最新研究成果,对伦茨菌属的建立、分类学特征、生态位和物种分布、功能基因组、天然活性产物应用开发等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

盐单胞菌属一新种——黄海盐单胞菌

以《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》第1卷(1984年)等为主要依据,对从江苏省黄海盐场晒盐池分离到的H_5菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明,H_5菌株符合盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)的特征。但该菌株的形态、生理生化特性及DNA中G十C mol％等又不同于该属中的已知种。同时,H_5菌株与该属中的相关种——伸长盐单胞菌(Halomonas elongata ATCC 33173)的DNA杂交率为44.7％。因而将H_5菌株鉴定为盐单胞菌属的一个新种,命名为黄海盐单胞菌(Halomonas huanghaiensis sP. nov.),且H_5菌株作为模式株。     

高产吲哚乙酸东乡野生稻内生微杆菌KlspL18分离及鉴定

【目的】对分离自东乡野生稻叶组织的高产吲哚乙酸菌株KlspL18进行分类学鉴定。【方法】采用菌株形态、生理生化指标结合16S rRNA基因序列同源性比对以及全基因组测序等方法,对该菌株进行多相分类鉴定,并采用高效液相(HPLC)法测定其产吲哚乙酸的产量。【结果】菌株KlspL18为革兰氏阳性、不形成孢子的棒杆状,接触酶实验阳性,其温度、NaCl浓度和pH值生长范围分别为15–40℃ (最适为28℃)、1%–10%(最适为1%)及6.0–11.0 (最适为7.0),能利用多种糖和有机酸作为碳源。菌株细胞壁氨基酸主要为鸟氨酸,细胞壁多糖为半乳糖和甘露糖,极性脂类为二磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰甘油和2种未鉴定的糖脂,细胞脂肪酸主要为anteiso-C15:0 (30.33%)、anteiso-C17:0 (31.53%)和iso-C16:0 (14.32%),萘醌类主要为MK-10和MK-11。16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,该菌株与Microbacterium proteolyticum RZ36T相似度为97.64%;全基因组测序分析显示,其G+C含量70.2%,与近缘标准菌株核苷酸同源性(A...     

固氮作用

对纤维单胞菌属(Cellulomonas sp.)的一个突变菌株CS1一17和凝胶纤维单胞菌 (C.gelida)的菌株2480进行了比较,它们是作为一种混合培养物分解纤维的成分,这种混合培养物分解麦秆,     

盐单胞菌属一新种——黄海盐单胞菌

以《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》第1卷(1984年)等为主要依据,对从江苏省黄海盐场晒盐池分离到的H_5菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明,H_5菌株符合盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)的特征。但该菌株的形态、生理生化特性及DNA中G十C mol％等又不同于该属中的已知种。同时,H_5菌株与该属中的相关种——伸长盐单胞菌(Halomonas elongata ATCC 33173)的DNA杂交率为44.7％。因而将H_5菌株鉴定为盐单胞菌属的一个新种,命名为黄海盐单胞菌(Halomonas huanghaiensis sP. Nov.),且H_5菌株作为模式株。     

海滨盐薄片菌——分离自海洋盐田的一个嗜盐古菌新种（英文）

【目的】研究分离自我国华南地区阳江盐田的一株嗜盐古菌菌株YJ-41~T,探究其分类学地位。【方法】运用多相分类学方法即通过表型和遗传型特征鉴定,研究菌株YJ-41T的分类学地位。【结果】菌株YJ-41~T的细胞为杆状、革兰氏染色阴性、菌落呈红色。菌株YJ-41T的生长温度范围20–50°C(最适为37°C)、Na Cl浓度范围2.1–4.8 mol/L(最适为3.1 mol/L)、MgCl_2浓度范围0–1.0 mol/L(最适为0.05 mol/L)、pH范围5.0–9.0(最适为pH 7.0)。细胞在蒸馏水中会裂解,维持细胞形态的最低Na Cl浓度为10%(质量体积比)。菌株YJ-41~T的极性脂为磷脂酸(Phosphatidic acid,PA)、磷脂酰甘油(Phosphatidyl glycerol,PG)、磷脂酰甘油磷酸甲基酯(Phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate methyl ester,PGP-Me)、磷脂酰甘油硫酸酯(Phosphatidyl glycerol sulphate,PGS)和8种糖脂;其中3种糖脂为硫酸甘露糖苷葡萄糖二醚(Sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether,S-DGD-1)、半乳糖苷甘露糖苷葡萄糖二醚(Galactosyl mannosy glucosyl diether,TGD-1)和甘露糖苷葡萄糖二醚(Mannosyl glucosyl diether,DGD-1),其余为未知糖脂。菌株YJ-41~T的16S rRNA基因和rpo B′基因与盐薄片菌属(Halolamina)的成员相关基因相似性分别为97.5%–98.4%和93.1%–94.4%。菌株YJ-41T的G+C mol%为61.4 mol%。【结论】表型、化学分类和系统发育的特性表明,菌株YJ-41T(=CGMCC 1.12859T=JCM 30237T)代表Halolamina属的一个新种,建议命名为海滨盐薄片菌(Halolamina litorea)。     

酿酒酵母酚类抑制物耐受性脂质组学研究

通过脂质组学分析方法从细胞膜磷脂分布方面探究适应进化酿酒酵母酚酸耐受性机制。主要利用高效液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)对酚酸胁迫下适应进化菌株和原始菌株脂质成分检测并进行统计学比较分析。检测出565种脂质代谢物,包含细胞膜磷脂185种。相比初始菌株,适应进化菌株细胞膜中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)和磷脂酰肌醇(PI)类磷脂分子相对含量增加,含有长链(C32-C36)和双不饱和脂酰链的磷脂分子含量增加。统计学分析表明显著性差异磷脂分子主要为含有长链不饱和脂酰链的PC和PE类磷脂分子。推测适应进化菌株通过膜磷脂重塑提高细胞膜完整性,对酚类抑制物起到选择性屏障作用,从而保持细胞活性。     

嗜盐嗜碱杆菌属的一个新种

从内蒙古自治区哈马台碱湖分离到一株多形态嗜盐嗜碱菌(编号HAM—2),其生长的NaCI浓度范围为12％～30％,最适17.5％;生长的pH范围为7.8～10.4,最适pH9.0～9.5。革兰氏染色阴性。细胞为不规则杆状、椭圆形、三角形等多形态,细胞大小为1.0～2.0×2.0～5.Oμm。该菌株主要极性脂是磷脂酰甘油磷酯(PGP)和磷脂酰甘油(PG),还含有一种未知的次要磷脂成分(PL4)。DNA中G+C含量为59.5mol％。根据这些特征,菌株可归入嗜盐嗜碱杆菌属,又根据细胞形态和极性脂组份不同于该属正式承认的三个种,因此,鉴定此菌株为嗜盐嗜碱杆菌属(Natronobacterium)的—个新种,定名为内蒙古嗜盐嗜碱菌(Natronobacterium innermongoliae Sp.nov.)。     

1株喜盐Actinopolyspora菌属新种的系统分类

1株嗜盐、产丝放线菌新种TRM4064分离自四川大英盐湖。它的分类地位通过多相分类技术被证明。16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析表明:菌株TRM4064在多孢放线菌属中形成一个独立的分支单元,同近缘物种Actinopolyspora mortivallis的同源性为98.8%,与它的DNA-DNA杂交值为23.2%,同Actinopolyspora菌属另外有效命名物种的相似性小于97%。菌株TRM4064的最适生长温度是37℃,最适生长pH为7.0,最适生长盐浓度为13%;细胞水解糖为木糖、葡萄糖、核糖和阿拉伯糖,主要的醌型是MK-10(H4)(38.2%)、MK-9(H4)(25.1%)、MK-9(H2)(28.6%)和MK-8(H4)(7.3%),主要的脂肪酸是anteiso-C17:0(36.9%)和iso-C17:0(19.3%),细胞磷脂是心磷脂、磷脂酰甘油、卵磷脂、磷脂酰肌醇和2个未知的磷脂类型。综合其表型、化学型及其分子遗传学等指标表明菌株TRM4064为多孢放线菌属的一个新成员。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aliihoeflea aestuarii</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from tidal flat sediment

A novel Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium, designated N8^T, was isolated from tidal flat sediment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that N8^T strain is associated with the family Phyllobacteriaceae: two uncultured clones (98.4 and 99.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and the genus Mesorhizobium (≤97.0%). The novel strain formed a separate clade with uncultured clones in the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Cellular fatty acid profiles predominately comprised C_18:1 ω7c and C_19:0 cyclo ω8c. The major isoprenoid quinone is ubiquinone-10 and genomic DNA G+C content is 53.4 mol%. The polyphasic taxonomic study indicates that the novel strain N8^T represents a novel species of the new genus in the family Phyllobacteriaceae, named Aliihoeflea aestuarii. The type strain is N8^T (= KCTC 22052^T= JCM 15118^T= DSM 19536^T).     

Ruminococcus faecis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces

Bacterial strain Eg2^T, an anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, and non-spore-forming coccus, was isolated from human faeces. The optimal temperature for its growth was 37°C. Oxidase activity was negative, but catalase activity was positive. The strain was able to hydrolyze esculin and to produce acids from the fermentation of several substrates, including glucose. Lactic and acetic acids were the main products of glucose fermentation. The major fatty acids present in this strain were C_16:0, C_14:0, and C_18:1 cis11 DMA. The G+C content was 43.4 mol%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain Eg2^T was closely related to species of the genus Ruminococcus (96.3% similarity to R. torques and 96.2% similarity to R. lactaris), and its taxonomic position was placed within the Clostridium cluster XIVa. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic, and phylogenetic evidence, we propose that this novel strain be assigned to the genus Ruminococcus and be named Ruminococcus faecis sp. nov. The type strain is Eg2^T (=KCTC 5757^T =JCM 15917^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphingomonas jejuensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from marine sponge <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hymeniacidon flavia</Emphasis>

A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod shaped, and orange-pigmented chemoheterotrophic bacterium, strain MS-31^T was isolated from the marine sponge Hymeniacidon flavia, collected from near Jeju Island, Korea. The Strain MS-31^T was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate could be affiliated within the genus Sphingomonas. The strain MS-31^T showed 95.6% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the most closely related species Sphingomonas koreensis JSS26^T. The DNA G+C content of the strain MS-31^T was 69.4 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiqunone 10 and predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 7 (comprising C_18:1 ω7c, C_18:1 Ω9t and/or C_18:1 ωl2t, 39.7%), C_16:0 (16.3%), C_14:0 2OH (15.9%) and summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_15:0 iso 2OH, 11.7%). The polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidyletha-nolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified glycolipid. Based on the evidence from the polyphasic taxonomic study, the strain should be classified as a new species of the genus Sphingomonas. As a result, the name Sphingomonas jejuensis sp. nov. (type strain MS-31^T =KCTC 23321^T =NBRC 107775^T) is proposed.     

New taxa in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alphaproteobacteria: Brevundimonas olei</Emphasis> sp. nov., an esterase-producing bacterium

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a Gram-negative, non-motile bacterium, designated MJ15^T, that was isolated from soil of a GS-Caltex Oil reservoir in Korea. As shown by comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain MJ15^T belongs to genus Brevundimonas. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ranged from 95.6–99.2% between strain MJ15^T and validated representatives of the genus Brevundimonas. With respect to Brevundimonas species, strain MJ15^T exhibited DNA-DNA relatedness values below 40.7%. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.7 mol%. Strain MJ15^T contained ubiquinone Q-10. The major fatty acids were C_16:0 (27.7%), C_19:0 cyclo ω8c (23.2%), summed feature 8 (containing C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 6c) (28.5%), and major hydroxyl fatty acid was C_12:0 3OH (3.7%). Based upon its phenotypic and genotypic properties, as well as its phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain MJ15^T (KCTC 22461^T; JCM 16237^T) should be classified in the genus Brevundimonas as the type strain of a novel species. The name Brevundimonas olei sp. nov. is proposed for this new species.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Halomonas sediminis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a new halophilic bacterium isolated from salt-lake sediment in China

A novel Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, obligately aerobic bacterium, strain YIM-C248^T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a salt-lake in the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai, north-west China. Cells were non-sporulating short rods, occurring singly or as doublets, motile with peritrichous flagella. Growth occurred with 1–15% (w/v) NaCl [optimum 2–4% (w/v) NaCl], at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 4–35°C (optimum 25–30°C). The major cellular fatty acids were C_18:1 ω7c, C_12:0 3-OH, cyclo C_19:0 ω8c, C_16:0 and C_16:1. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-9 and the genomic DNA G + C content was 58.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM-C248^T should be assigned to the genus Halomonas. The sequence similarities between the isolate and the type strains of members of the genus Halomonas were in the range of 92.5–97.5%. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization data, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic differences supported the view that strain YIM-C248^T represents a new species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas sediminis sp. nov. is proposed, with YIM-C248^T (=CCTCC AA 207031 = KCTC 22167) as the type strain. The GenBank/EMBL/DBBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM-C248^T is EU135707.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Henriciella marina</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyphomonadaceae</Emphasis> isolated from the East Sea

A bacterial strain, designated Iso4^T, was isolated from the East Sea of Korea and was subjected to a poly-phasic taxonomy study including phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Cells of the strain were Gram-negative, motile, non-budding, non-stalked, and strictly aerobic. Strain Iso4^T grew optimally at 20°C in the presence of 1∼2% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.9∼7.6. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the major cellular fatty acids were C_18:1 ω7c (53.5%), C_17:1 ω5c (11.7%), C_17:1 ω6c (8.1%), C_16:0 (7.8%), C_17:0 (4.8%), C_15:0 (2.9%), and C_16:1 ω5c (2.2%). The DNA G+C content of strain Iso4^T was 56.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Iso4^T formed a monophyletic clade in the family Hyphomonadaceae, supported by high bootstrap value and was most closely related to the genus Hyphomonas (92∼94%), a member of marine bacteria in the family. The phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic evidences also suggest strain Iso4^T represents a novel genus and species in the family Hyphomonadaceae, for which the name Henriciella gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Iso4^T (=KCTC 12513^T =DSM 19595^T =JCM 15116^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lysobacter daecheongensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from sediment of stream near the Daechung dam in South Korea

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated Dae08^T, was isolated from sediment of the stream near Daechung dam in South Korea, and was characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position, using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Dae08^T belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae of the Gammaproteobacteria, and is related to Lysobacter brunescens ATCC 29482^T (97.3%). The phylogenetic distances from any other species with validly published names within the genus Lysobacter were greater than 3.7%. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain Dae08^T was 69.3 mol%. The detection of a quinone system with Q-8 as the predominant compound and a fatty acid profile with iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:1, ω9c, iso-C_17:0, iso-C_16:0, and iso-C_11:0 3-OH as the major acids supported the affiliation of strain Dae08^T to the genus Lysobacter. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain Dae08^T and its phylogenetically closest neighbour was 28%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Dae08^T (= KCTC 12600^T) should be classified in the genus Lysobacter as the novel species, for which the name Lysobacter daecheongensis sp. nov. is proposed.     

Tahibacter aquaticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new gammaproteobacterium isolated from the drinking water supply system of Budapest (Hungary)

Three Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strains, PYM5-11^T, RaM5-2 and PYM5-8, were isolated from the drinking water supply system of Budapest (Hungary) and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. All three strains grew optimally at 20-28 °C and pH 5-7 without NaCl. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain was 65.4 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates showed 94.5-94.9% sequence similarity to the type strain of Dokdonella koreensis and a similarity of 93.0-94.1% to the species of the genera Aquimonas and Arenimonas. The major isoprenoid quinone of the strains was ubiquinone Q-8. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:1ω9c, C_16:1ω7c, and C_16:0. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, as well as several unidentified aminolipids and phospholipids were present. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the predominant fatty acids, the polar lipid composition, RiboPrint patterns, physiological and biochemical characteristics showed that the three strains were related but distinct from the type strains of the four recognized species of the genus Dokdonella, and indicated that the strains represented a new genus within the Gammaproteobacteria. The strain PYM5-11 (=DSM 21667^T=NCAIM B 02337^T) is proposed as the type strain of a new genus and species, designated as Tahibacter aquaticus gen. nov., sp. nov.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphingomonas humi</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from soil

A Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, small, orange, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from soil in South Korea and characterized to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence examination revealed that strain PB323^T belongs to the family Sphingomonadaceae. The highest degree of sequence similarity was found with Sphingomonas kaistensis PB56^T (98.9%), followed by Sphingomonas astaxanthinifaciens TDMA-17^T (98.3%). Chemotaxonomic characteristics (the G+C content of the genomic DNA 69.0 mol%, Q-10 quinone system, C_18:1 ω7c/ω9t/ω12t, C_16:1 ω7c/C_15:0 iso 2OH, C_17:1 ω6c, and C16:0 as the major fatty acids) corroborated assignment of strain PB323^T to the genus Sphingomonas. Results of physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrate that strain PB323^T represents a distinct species and support its affiliation with the genus Sphingomonas. Based on these data, PB323^T (=KCTC 12341^T =JCM 16603T =KEMB 9004-003^T) should be classified as a type strain of a novel species, for which the name Sphingomonas humi sp. nov. is proposed.