抗镰刀菌单链抗体在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达条件的研究

通过优化诱导表达条件,实现抗镰刀菌单链抗体在大肠杆菌周质中高效可溶性表达。将抗镰刀菌单链抗体FvSG7转化到大肠杆菌XL1-Blue中,确定诱导表达培养基,在不同的诱导温度、诱导剂IPTG的浓度和诱导时间条件下培养重组大肠杆菌,通过Western杂交和ELISA检测分析单链抗体的可溶性表达情况以及抗体的活性。重组大肠杆菌培养至OD600nm为0.5时加入终浓度为0.1 mmol/L IPTG,25℃诱导表达2 h可获得最大量的可溶性单链抗体。通过对诱导温度、IPTG浓度和诱导时间等表达条件的优化,可以显著提高Fv SG7抗体在大肠杆菌XL1-Blue周质中的表达量。     

兔骨髓基质干细胞向血管内皮样细胞的诱导分化

目的:研究血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)联合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)促进兔骨髓基质干细胞向血管内皮样细胞的定向诱导分化,为血管化组织工程骨研究提供实验基础.方法:采集2周龄兔后肢长骨骨髓,用全骨骨髓贴壁法进行原代培养,将获得的第2代骨髓基质干细胞以1× 105/mL密度接种于内皮细胞条件培养基(含10 μg/L VEGF,10 μg/L bFGF,10％胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液)进行体外诱导培养,对诱导2周的细胞进行细胞形态观察和表型、功能鉴定.结果:经血管内皮细胞条件培养基诱导2周后的细胞呈扁平形,多边形,表达血管内皮细胞特异性标志CD31、VWF因子,细胞具有吞噬DiI-Ac-LDL和摄取FITC-UEA-1的功能,诱导的细胞可在BD基质胶内形成管腔样结构.结论:血管内皮细胞生长因子联合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子可以成功诱导兔骨髓基质干细胞为血管内皮样细胞,有希望作为组织工程骨的血管化的种子细胞.     

抗VEGF单克隆抗体Fab片段在E.coli中的分泌表达

目的：在大肠杆菌中构建、表达和纯化抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的Fab片段（兰尼单抗,ranibizumab）,通过发酵条件的控制实现其在大肠杆菌周质和胞外的高效分泌表达,并检测其抗VEGF的活性。方法：以pET30a为质粒载体,构建了Fd链和L链前都含有OmpA信号肽、SD序列和T7 promoter的克隆载体pET30a（+）-LC-HC,转化BL21（DE3）表达菌株,并进行了培养基、温度和IPTG诱导浓度的条件优化。结果：确定Fab片段在大肠杆菌分泌表达摇瓶发酵最佳条件为：在含有1.5% Tryptone,1% Yeast Extract,0.5% Glucose,0.15% NaCl,0.1% NH₄Cl,0.08% MgCl₂·6H₂O的1L培养基的摇瓶中,按照10%的接种量,37℃摇床培养至对数生长后期（OD₆₀₀为2左右）,添加0.1mmol/L IPTG诱导剂,于16℃条件下诱导表达过夜（16h左右）。用周质破菌提取分泌至大肠杆菌周质腔的Fab片段,同时用中空纤维柱浓缩发酵培养基,最后用ProteinG亲和层析柱一步纯化洗脱,经SDS-PAGE检测分析和Brandford法测蛋白浓度得出纯化的Fab抗体片段纯度在90%以上,分泌表达纯化量为0.4mg/L。以VEGF165作为结合抗原,间接ELISA分析纯化后的Fab抗体EC50=30ng/ml。继续用该培养基在3.7L体积发酵罐中进行2L体积的发酵,获得最终的菌体产率为30g/L,可亲和纯化Fab抗体量为1.94mg/L。结论：成功实现了Fab抗体片段在大肠杆菌中的高效分泌表达,且具有很高的活性,为规模化制备Fab抗体片段提供了研究依据。     

人血管内皮生长因子受体KDR胞外3区的表达与配体结合活性的鉴定

血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)是血管内皮生长因子的特异性受体,VEGFR-2在介导VEGF刺激内皮细胞增殖及血管通透性等生物学活性中起重要作用.在大肠杆菌中实现可溶性的人血管内皮生长因子受体KDR胞外3区的表达,并鉴定其与配体结合的活性.采用重叠PCR的方法合成人血管内皮生长因子受体KDR胞外3区基因,将该基因与高效表达载体pET-32a重组,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,表达产物依次经过CM阳离子交换树脂和镍柱亲和层析纯化.利用ELISA法和体外抑制VEGF刺激的人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖实验检测表达产物与配体结合的活性.SDS-PAGE显示,目的蛋白主要以可溶性Trx-KDR3融合蛋白表达于胞质,30℃时1 mmol/L IPTG诱导细菌5 h融合蛋白表达量约占胞质可溶性总蛋白的20%,经CM阳离子交换树脂和镍柱亲合层析纯化得到纯度为95%的产物,Western blotting鉴定是目的蛋白.ELISA和体外HUVEC细胞增殖实验显示,表达产物具有特异性结合hVEGF165的活性,且该作用呈一定的浓度依赖性.具有配体特异性结合活性的可溶性人血管内皮生长因子受体KDR胞外3区成功表达,为靶向血管抗肿瘤治疗和相关抗体的研究奠定了基础.     

血管内皮生长因子人单链抗体--基因克隆、高效表达、亲和力成熟及生物活性鉴定

利用抗体噬菌体展示技术, 克隆了血管内皮生长因子人基因工程单链抗体, 抗体表达量达菌体总蛋白的45%. 用层析柱复性技术同步完成抗体的纯化和复性. 生物活性实验表明, 该抗体不仅特异结合人VEGF165, 而且竞争抑制VEGF165与其受体的结合. 为了提高单链抗体的亲和力, 采用错配PCR法, 随机突变抗体重链可变区基因, 建立次级抗体突变库, 并从中筛选出高亲和力突变株. 研究了抗体突变株蛋白质三维结构特点及其与亲和力的关系, 这些结果不仅为肿瘤血管靶向治疗奠定了基础, 而且为抗体的高效表达及其亲和力体外成熟提供了参考模型.     

具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的含硒单链抗体酶制备

 利用RT PCR从分泌有谷胱甘肽结合部位的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株 2F3中 ,扩增出单抗重链可变区和轻链可变区基因 .经DNA测序后 ,用Linker(Gly4 Ser1) 3 构建成单链抗体 (scFv)表达载体pTMF scFv ,将重组质粒pTMF scFv转化到大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3) ,实现了单链抗体的高效表达 .表达的单链抗体占菌体总蛋白 2 5%～ 30 % .该重组蛋白以包涵体形式存在 ,分子量为 30kD .经过金属螯合亲和层析纯化、复性和凝胶过滤纯化 ,得到电泳均一的单链抗体 .再经化学诱变 ,得到含硒单链抗体酶 ,其谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性为 330 0U μmol.采用荧光滴定法测定了单链抗体对谷胱甘肽的结合常数     

人源性抗bFGF单链抗体表达载体的构建与酵母表达

为了提高人源性抗bFGF抗体的表达量,从噬菌体抗体库筛选出的人源性抗bFGF抗体基因中亚克隆单链抗体(single chain fragment variable,ScFv)基因,并将其构建到酵母表达载体pPICZαA中。表达载体质粒经线性化后,电转化法转化至毕赤酵母GS115中,甲醇诱导表达。表达产物经镍离子亲和层析和阴离子交换层析纯化,并检测其生物学活性。酶切鉴定结果显示人源性的酵母表达载体构建成功。SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果显示,抗bFGF单链抗体获得了高效表达,表达量可达124mg/L,目的蛋白大小为36 kDa左右。通过两步纯化方案,目的蛋白的纯度可达95%以上。ELISA结果显示纯化的目的蛋白可与bFGF特异性结合。CCK8检测结果显示,纯化的抗bFGF单链抗体可剂量依赖性地抑制人肺腺癌细胞株A549的增殖。研究结果表明在毕赤酵母中可获得人源性抗bFGF单链抗体高效表达,表达产物具有很好的生物学活性。     

抗血管内皮生长因子受体2双价单链抗体的构建表达及其活性研究

为了竞争性抑制血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与其受体(VEGFR-2)的结合,构建表达了能够与VEGFR-2胞外3区(KDR3)特异结合的双价单链抗体(bivalent single-chain Fv,BsFv),并鉴定其生物活性。以KDR3特异结合单链抗体AK404(scFv AK404)基因为模板,设计引物引入中间连接肽(G₄S)₃连接两个scFv片段,将其克隆入原核表达载体pET22b,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,表达产物依次经过镍柱亲和层析纯化和透析复性;基于生物膜层表面干涉技术(Bio-Layer Interferometry,BLI)技术的体外亲和力监测实验和VEGF诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖实验鉴定表达产物与KDR结合的活性。酶切鉴定和DNA测序结果表明BsFv构建成功;SDS-PAGE显示37 ℃下1 mmol/L IPTG诱导细菌6 h获得包涵体,经镍柱亲和层析纯化和透析复性得到纯度为90%的BsFv;经Western blotting鉴定为目的蛋白;体外结合实验表明:BsFv特异性结合KDR胞外3区的亲合力约为单价抗体AK404的2倍;内皮细胞增殖抑制实验表明:BsFv可剂量依赖性地抑制HUVEC细胞增殖,且其抑制效果强于AK404。上述结果表明:BsFv在抗血管生成活性方面比其scFv具有明显优势,为进一步用于抗血管生成抗肿瘤治疗和肿瘤诊断奠定了基础。     

抗速灭威单链抗体基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达及性质研究

选用巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)系统表达特异性抗速灭威单链抗体(scFv)基因,以为速灭威特异性抗体的大量制备奠定基础。设计引物扩增阳性克隆scFv基因,亚克隆至表达载体pPICZαC,获得重组酵母表达质粒pPICZαC-scFv,线性化pPICZαC-scFv并高效电转P.pastoris(X-33),对转化子进行抗性梯度筛选得到一株高效表达的X-33-Pp-SMW-12-6菌株。对获得的菌株先后进行表达条件的优化、优化条件下的诱导表达及单链抗体性质研究。结果表明:P.pastoris-scFv的质量接近其亲本E.coli-scFv的质量,X-33-Pp-SMW12-6在优化条件下的表达产量达28mg/L,比未优化前的产量提高了约8mg/L,经纯化后抗体纯度可达85%以上。因此,利用P.pastoris表达系统制备抗速灭威单链抗体比细菌表达系统更有效、更经济。     

抗肿瘤血管三结构域单链抗体VH/L的构建与表达

以本室研制的一株抗肿瘤血管单克隆抗体AA98为基础,采用PCR扩增抗体AA98基因的重链可变区(V_H)和轻链(L),以重链恒定区1(C_H1)5′端12个氨基酸的序列作为连接肽,并将连接肽中的Lys突变为Ser,构建VH连接肽-L三结构域单链抗体。重组VH/L单链抗体在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达,其表达量占菌体总蛋白质的20%。表达的蛋白质在菌内形成包含体,经凝胶过滤法复性,获得了有抗原结合活性的V_H/L。该三结构域单链抗体的成功构建和复性,为重组抗体片段的研制提供了借鉴。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Biological control of three floating water weeds,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salviniamolesta</Emphasis> in the Republic of Congo

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Die GattungKarschia — Bindeglied zwischen bitunicaten Ascomyceten und lecanoralen Flechtenpilzen?

The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.

     

Demographic characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus)

Synopsis In a fourteen month study (May 1976 – June 1977) I examined the following characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus) in Morro Bay, California, U.S.A.: annual and seasonal patterns of abundance, age composition and growth rates, survivorship and mortality patterns, and the reproductive cycle for female gobies. Fishes were collected with the aid of quinaldine and otoliths and ovaries removed. Age and growth rates were estimated from otolith annuli using a back calculation formula and a Brody-Bertalanffy growth curve. Mortality rates were derived using the methods of Heincke (1913), Robson & Chapman (1960), mean age, and a catch curve (Ricker 1975). A gonad index was used to describe the annual reproductive cycle. Results indicated that abundance fluctuated seasonally and that these fluctuations appeared to be caused by reproductive emigrations. Bay gobies reached an age of 7+ and a standard length of 87 mm. Growth was relatively constant (6 mm yr⁻¹) until age 5, at which point it began to decline. The mean rates of survivorship, mortality, and instantaneous mortality were 0.75, 0.25, and 0.29 respectively. Mortality rates for individual age classes ranged from 0.13 to 0.51 and increased with age. This stock appears to reproduce mainly during the winter.     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.