假鹰爪离体植株再生

1植物名称假鹰爪（Desmos chinensis Lour.）。2材料类别下胚轴、茎段。3培养条件种子萌发培养基：（1）1/2MS。不定芽诱导与增殖培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA4.0mg·L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0.1。增殖培养基：（3）MS＋6-BA2.0＋NAA0.1。壮苗培养基：（4）MS＋6-BA0.2＋NAA0.1。     

百合离体培养再生植株

植物名称:百合Lilium brownii F.E.Brown var.viridulum Baker.材料类别:多年生鳞茎的鳞片切块和试管无菌幼苗的片段培养条件:鳞茎培养基:MS无机盐,附加B_10.5(毫克/升,下同)、B_60.2、甘氨酸3、烟酸0.5、NAA2、IBA0.4、KT2。幼苗培养基:MS基本培养基,诱导愈伤组织时,附加2,4-D1、IAA1、     

山椒子离体植株再生

1植物名称山椒子（Uvaria grandiflora Roxb.）。 2材料类别 下胚轴、茎段。 3培养条件 （1）种子萌发培养基：1/2MS;（2）不定芽诱导培养基：MS＋BA2.0mg·L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0.1;（3）增殖培养基：MS＋BA1.0＋NAA0.1;     

绿巨人叶柄离体培养及植株再生

在MS基本培养基中添加不同植物生长调节剂(mg/L)对绿巨人无菌苗的叶柄进行离体培养,结果表明,MS+6-BA 1.0+NAA 2.0+2,4-D 1.0诱导效果最好,产生愈伤组织并分化出丛芽;MS+6-BA 2.0~3.0+NAA 0.2+0.2% PVP对芽的增殖效果好;附加0.2%PVP对防止褐变有一定效果;生根培养基选用1/2MS+NAA 0.1~0.5+IBA 1.0的组合。     

核桃离体胚的植株再生

在选育核桃优良单株时一般利用实生苗繁殖,由于自然杂交,常易丧失优良品种的性状。核桃扦插不易生根,嫁接繁殖因接口处易发生氧化褐变,因而成活率较低。为了利用组织培养技术进行核桃的快速无性繁殖,我们(1984)曾从核桃的不同     

Cuphea tolucana的离体培养及植株再生

InvitroCultureandPlantletRopnerationofCupheatolucanaYANGGuann－Wei;LIMing-Yang;YANGDong－Qun(CenterofBiotechnology,SouthwestAgriculturalUniversityChongqing630716)1植物名称Cupheatolucana。2材料类别将干燥种子放在浓硫酸中浸泡3～5min,用水冲去硫酸后在蒸馏水中     

八仙花离体培养和植株再生

1 植物名称八仙花(Hydrangea macrophylla). 　　2 材料类别带腋芽茎段、顶芽. 　　3 培养条件诱导培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 0.5 mg*L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.01 3%蔗糖.增殖培养基:(2)MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.1 3%蔗糖.瓶内生根培养基:(3)1/2MS NAA 0.1 1.5%蔗糖.上述培养基均附加0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.0.瓶外生根基质:(4)珍珠岩∶蛭石＝1∶1.培养温度23～27℃,光照时间12 h*d-1,光照度1 500～2 000 lx.……     

枣叶片离体培养再生植株

PlantletRegenerationfromLeavesCulturesofZizyphusiuiubaCHENZong－Li,YANZhi－Lian,QILong（Denyt17mllofmp,You’onl／nll＊,ndy,Yan’as716000）1植物名称枣（凯W…。Wwi）。2材料类别俗名“狗头枣”的无菌试管苗的叶片。3培养条件（l）叶片愈伤组织诱导及继代培养基：MS＋6－BA0．3mg／L（单位下同）＋2,4D20;（2）芽分化培养基：MS＋6－BAI．0＋IBA0．2＋D一泛酸钙1．0十活性发0．5％;（3）芽生长培养基：1／2MS＋6－BA0．2＋IAA0．04＋D一泛酸钙1．0;（4）芽增殖培养基：1／2MS＋6－BA0．4＋IAA0．0…     

野牛草成熟胚离体培养及植株再生

1植物名称野牛草[Buchloe dactyloides(Nutt.)texoka]. 2材料类别成熟胚. 3培养条件(1)愈伤组织诱导培养基:MS 2,4-D1.5～6.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 0.1 脯氨酸1 000 水解酪蛋白(CH)500 谷氨酰胺500 α-酮戊二酸100 硫代硫酸银(STS)5;(2)愈伤组织继代培养基:MS 3/2MS(有机) 2,4-D 2.5 6-BA 0.1 CH1 000 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)200或维生素C(vC)200;(3)再生培养基:不附加任何植物生长调节物质的MS基本培养基(MS0).所有培养基中均添加3%蔗糖、0.56%琼脂,pH 5.8.愈伤组织诱导及继代培养为暗培养,不定芽分化及植株再生过程中光照12 h·d-1,光照度为1 500lx,培养温度为(25±1)℃.     

郁金樱愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

为建立郁金樱(Cerasus serrulata var. lannesiana cv. ‘Grandiflora’)再生体系,以多年生母株小叶、一年生嫁接苗小叶、腋芽诱导小叶和增殖一代小叶为外植体,探讨不同外植体和植物激素组合对郁金樱愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化、增殖和生根的影响。结果表明,4种外植体均可诱导出愈伤组织,...     

Genome sequencing and analysis of two early-flowering cherry (Cerasus × kanzakura) varieties, ‘Kawazu-zakura’ and ‘Atami-zakura’

To gain genetic insights into the early-flowering phenotype of ornamental cherry, also known as sakura, we determined the genome sequences of two early-flowering cherry (Cerasus × kanzakura) varieties, ‘Kawazu-zakura’ and ‘Atami-zakura’. Because the two varieties are interspecific hybrids, likely derived from crosses between Cerasus campanulata (early-flowering species) and Cerasus speciosa, we employed the haplotype-resolved sequence assembly strategy. Genome sequence reads obtained from each variety by single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) were split into two subsets, based on the genome sequence information of the two probable ancestors, and assembled to obtain haplotype-phased genome sequences. The resultant genome assembly of ‘Kawazu-zakura’ spanned 519.8 Mb with 1,544 contigs and an N50 value of 1,220.5 kb, while that of ‘Atami-zakura’ totalled 509.6 Mb with 2,180 contigs and an N50 value of 709.1 kb. A total of 72,702 and 69,528 potential protein-coding genes were predicted in the genome assemblies of ‘Kawazu-zakura’ and ‘Atami-zakura’, respectively. Gene clustering analysis identified 2,634 clusters uniquely presented in the C. campanulata haplotype sequences, which might contribute to its early-flowering phenotype. Genome sequences determined in this study provide fundamental information for elucidating the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the early-flowering phenotype of ornamental cherry tree varieties and their relatives.     

粉美人萱草的快繁技术和大田种植

以粉美人萱草(Hemerocallis fulva cv. ‘Fenmeiren’)的花茎为外植体进行离体培养, 该研究成功建立了粉美人萱草组培快繁技术。结果表明, 6月获得的外植体用浓度为15% (v/v)的次氯酸钠溶液消毒8分钟, 外植体存活率达95%; 最佳增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.004 mg·L^-1 TDZ+0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA, 培养30天后, 月增殖系数达2.9; 壮苗培养基为MS+0.1 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1 IBA, 在该培养基中, 组培苗不再分化, 长势健壮; 最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.4 mg·L^-1 IBA+20 g·L^-1蔗糖, 生根率达95%; 移栽基质采用珍珠岩:草炭=1:2 (v/v), 通过精细化管理, 成活率可达85%, 出圃合格率为75%。目前已实现规模化繁殖, 并生产组培苗2.0×10⁵株, 大田种植表现良好。     

酚酸和氮素交互作用下欧美杨107细根形态特征

树木细根生长与根际过程的关系十分密切。该研究仿生欧美杨107 (Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’)人工林根际土壤酚酸沉降与氮素有效性变化, 通过设置3种酚酸梯度(0X、0.5X、1.0X, X为田间土壤酚酸含量)与3种氮素水平(缺氮0 mmol·L^-1、正常氮10 mmol·L^-1、高氮20 mmol·L^-1), 探究酚酸和氮素对欧美杨107细根形态的影响, 以期为阐明树木根系生长对根-土界面过程的响应奠定基础。结果表明: (1)在无酚酸(0X)环境中, 缺氮和高氮均可抑制欧美杨107细根生长, 尤其对1-3级细根的影响更为显著。比根长随氮素水平升高逐渐减小, 但其他细根特征并未呈现与氮素水平的线性关系。(2) 0.5X和1.0X酚酸梯度相比, 欧美杨107的1-2级细根直径和体积随酚酸浓度增加而显著增大(p < 0.05)。酚酸和氮素对杨树细根的影响存在交互作用, 1-2级细根直径、体积受酚酸的影响显著, 而4-5级细根长度、表面积受氮素影响显著。双因素方差分析结果表明, 酚酸和氮素对细根形态建成具有协同或拮抗效应。(3)主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA)结果表明, 在酚酸和氮素交互效应下, 杨树1-3级、 4级、 5级细根之间具有显著的形态差异。第一主成分主要体现细根觅食性状特征, 可解释细根形态变异的60.9%的信息; 第二主成分主要体现细根形态构建特征, 可解释25.3%的信息。杨树细根形态变化与根序高度相关, N素影响杨树细根形态的主效应较酚酸更强。因此, 根际环境中酚酸累积和氮素有效性变化会影响杨树细根的形态构建和细根对水分、养分的吸收, 而氮素有效性是影响杨树细根生长的重要因素, 开展杨树人工林土壤养分管理是林分生产力长期维持的关键。     

Interactive effects of phenolic acid and nitrogen on morphological traits of poplar (Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’) fine roots

Aims The relationship between rhizosphere process and fine root growth is very close but still obscure. In poplar plantation, phenolic acid rhizodeposition and soil nutrient availability were considered as two dominant factors of forest productivity decline. It is very hard to separate them in the field and they might show an interactive effect on fine root growth. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of phenolic acids and nitrogen on branch orders of poplar fine roots and to give a deeper insight into how the ecological process on root-soil interface affected fine root growth as well as plantation productivity. Methods The cuttings of health annual poplar seedlings (I-107, Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’) serve as experiment materials, and were cultivated under nine conditions, including three concentration of phenolic acids at 0X, 0.5X, 1.0X (here, X represented the contents of phenolic acids in the soil of poplar plantation) and three concentration of nitrogen at 0 mmol·L^-1, 10 mmol·L^-1, 20 mmol·L^-1, based on Hoagland solution. The roots were all separated from poplar seedlings after 35 days, and 30 percent of total fine roots of every treatment were taken as fine root samples. These fine roots were grouped according to 1 to 5 branch orders, and then the morphological traits of each group of fine roots were scanned via root analyzer system (WinRHIZO, Regent Instruments Company, Quebec, Canada) including total length, surface area, volume and average diameter. Meanwhile, the dry mass of fine root samples of every order was measured to calculate specific root length (SRL), root tissue density (RTD). All data were analyzed via SPSS 17.0 software, and interactive effect of phenolic acids and nitrogen on roots was analyzed through univariate process module. Principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were conducted via Canoco 4.5 software. Important findings Under the conditions without phenolic acids application, the fine roots growth was significantly inhibited in deficiency and higher nitrogen treatments, especially for 1-3 order roots. Only specific root length appeared decreased with nitrogen level, and other traits of fine roots did not demonstrate linear relationship with nitrogen concentrations. Compared to 0.5X phenolic acids treatment, 1.0X phenolic acids significantly promoted the diameter and volume of 1-2 order roots (p < 0.05). Both phenolic acids and nitrogen demonstrated influence on poplar fine root traits. However, the diameter and volume of 1-2 order roots were significantly affected by phenolic acids, while the total length and surface area of 4-5 order roots was affected by nitrogen. Two way ANOVA showed that phenolic acids and nitrogen made a synergistic or antagonistic effect on morphological building of fine roots. Furthermore, PCA and RDA indicated that the interactive effects of phenolic acids and nitrogen led to significant differences among 1-3 order, 4th order and 5th order of poplar fine roots. The PC1 explained about 60.9 percent of root morphological variance, which was related to foraging traits of roots. The PC2 explained 25.3 percent of variance, which was related to root building properties. The response of poplar roots to phenolic acids and nitrogen was closely related to root order, and nitrogen played more influence on poplar roots than phenolic acids. Thus, phenolic acids and nitrogen level would affect many properties of root morphology and foraging in rhizosphere soil of poplar plantation. But nitrogen availability would serve as a dominant factor influencing root growth, and soil nutrient management should be critical to productivity maintenance of poplar plantation.     

铁观音原生质体高效瞬时转化方法的建立

近年来,茶树基因组测序的完成为茶树在分子和基因水平的研究奠定了基础。但由于转基因技术尚不成熟且茶树生长周期较长,茶树的基因功能研究依然不能有效开展。采用铁观音(Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv.‘Tieguanyin’)实生幼苗叶片,通过筛选多种纤维素酶、果胶酶、离析酶和甘露醇的浓度组合,并结合原生质体的数量、活性和杂质含量综合确定了最佳配方,成功建立了铁观音茶苗叶片原生质体提取和PEG介导的高效瞬时转化体系,转化率达56.25%。利用该系统探索了茶氨酸代谢通路中2个重要合成酶(茶氨酸合成酶(TSI)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GSII-1.1))的亚细胞定位。研究发现,这2种酶均定位于铁观音原生质体细胞质中。茶苗叶片原生质体提取和瞬时转化体系的建立为茶树基因组功能研究奠定了技术基础。     

Standardization of in vitro micropropagation procedure of Oriental Lilium Hybrid Cv. ‘Ravenna’

Micropropagation protocol of Oriental Hybrid Lilium cv. Ravenna was developed using bulb scale segments (Basal and Tip) as explants. Surface sterilization of healthy bulb scales with carbendazim 200 ppm for 30 min, then 0.1 percent mercuric chloride for 10 min, then 70% ethyl alcohol for 30 s was superior to all other treatments in recording highest culture asepsis (77.08%) and higher explant survival (86.12%). Explant survival was higher in basal segments (88.54%) compared to tip segments (85.52%). Highest culture establishment was recorded in basal scale segments (68.26%) followed by tip scale segments (55.21%). MS medium augmented with 0.50 mgl⁻¹ Naphthalene acetic acid and 2.0 mgl⁻¹. 6-Benzylamino Purine recorded maximum culture establishment (76.17%), highest bulblet number/explant (5.52) with maximum length of shoots (2.20 cm) and number of leaves (3.39). This treatment combination of growth regulators resulted in highest shoot proliferation (83.33%) along with maximum shoot number (2.41explant⁻¹), shoot length (2.35 cm) and leaf number (5.44) of micro shoots during proliferation stage. Rooting of explants was superior with Indole-3-butyric acid compared to Naphthalene acetic acid. Highest rooting of 92.71% along with maximum number of primary roots shoot⁻¹ (12.06), maximum primary root length (3.17 cm) was documented in Murashige and Skoog medium added with Indole-3-butyric acid 1.50 mgl⁻¹ with best ex vitro survival rate (98.96%) of rooted plantlets during primary hardening in perlite + vermiculite (1:1) mixture.     

毛白杨优良无性系‘LM50’花药培养植株再生体系建立*

毛白杨‘LM50’具有速生、抗逆、不飞絮等优良特性,是木本植物进行遗传转化的理想材料。长期无性繁殖会导致优良性状衰退,在进行组织培养时,往往出现外植体不定芽分化和生根困难等问题。通过花药培养可以在较短时间内使毛白杨复幼,从而消除因外植体老化带来的负面影响,为转化研究提供理想的材料。与此同时,期望通过花药诱导创制单倍体植株,为基因组学研究和倍性育种提供材料。以山东冠县毛白杨基因库的‘LM50’为试验材料,对其花药发育时期与花芽形态的关系进行鉴定,选择单核靠边期的花药进行试验,探究了生长素和细胞分裂素在花药愈伤组织形成、不定芽分化及不定芽生根中的作用,建立了毛白杨花药离体再生体系,采用流式细胞仪和染色体压片计数法对诱导获得的再生植株进行了倍性鉴定。进一步利用花药培养再生植株的叶片建立了分化率高、生根率高的植物再生体系。小孢子发育时期与花芽外部形态特征对比表明,花芽长度为(1.98 ± 0.06) cm,1/4花序露出芽鳞的花芽,此时小孢子大部分处于单核靠边期;选择处于此时期的花药诱导形成愈伤组织,愈伤组织诱导率最高的培养基为H + 1.00 mg/L NAA + 1.00 mg/L BA,诱导率约为28.89%;愈伤组织进一步分化为不定芽,最佳分化培养基为MS + 0.05 mg/L NAA + 0.50 mg/L BA,分化率约为22.23%;不定芽接种至生根培养基,最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS + 0.30 mg/L IBA,生根率约为93.30%;利用流式细胞仪和染色体压片法对花药培养的27株再生植株进行倍性鉴定,鉴定植物均为二倍体;再生植株叶片分化成芽的最佳培养基为MS + 0.10 mg/L TDZ + 0.10 mg/L NAA + 0.50 mg/L BA,分化率高达92.23%。该叶片分化产生的不定芽的生根培养基与愈伤组织诱导不定芽生根的培养基相同,生根率一致。研究获得了毛白杨‘LM50’花药诱导再生植株,并建立了再生植株的叶片培养体系,可用于该优良无性系的快速繁育和毛白杨的遗传转化研究,为毛白杨的分子设计育种奠定了基础。