共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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微管是细胞骨架的重要组成部分,为真核细胞生命活动所必需。与其它生物体类似,微管不仅在植物生长发育中起重要作用,而且参与响应外界环境信号。近期,中国科学家在解析植物微管精准切割及微管骨架动态重构调控机制的研究中取得突破性进展。 相似文献
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乙烯是一种气态植物激素,在植物生长发育的各个阶段发挥着非常重要的作用。最近,中国科学家在乙烯信号转导的分子机制研究中取得了突破性进展。 相似文献
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植物具有复杂而精巧的机制以适应各种逆境。最近, 中国科学家在水稻(Oryza sativa)感受冷信号的分子机理、冷信号感应分子在水稻驯化过程中的演化及拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中磷酸化调控冷信号转导的分子机理等研究中取得了突破性进展。 相似文献
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植物无融合生殖相关基因研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
无融合生殖是指不经过精卵融合即可形成胚从而进行种子繁殖后代的一种特殊的无性生殖方式, 无融合生殖胚的形成没有父本的参与, 其后代是母本基因型的完整克隆, 因此是植物杂种优势固定与利用的一种最理想的途径, 具有巨大的潜在利用价值, 被誉为“无性革命”。按其胚体发生的途径, 无融合生殖可分为二倍体孢子生殖、无配子生殖和不定胚生殖三种类型。本文介绍了植物胚发育、胚乳发育、减数分裂等涉及无融合生殖过程的相关基因的研究进展, 同时介绍了可能与植物无融合生殖途径调控相关的几个基因片段的研究情况。 相似文献
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高梁SSA—1无融合生殖胚胎学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
经常规石蜡切片法,在光学水平观察了高染(Sorghumbicolorbicolor.)Moench)SSA-1无融合生殖的胚胎发生。高染SSA-1的无融合生殖为无孢子生殖和二倍体孢子生殖两种类型。两种生殖类型的单核胚囊经3次有丝分裂成7细胞(8核)的成熟胚囊,由卵细胞、2个助细胞、2个极核和3个足细胞组成,反足细胞迅速分裂增殖,形成由20-30个细胞组成的细胞团。此外,还具有一定频率的无孢子生殖多 相似文献
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Cytogenetic studies on two F1 hybrids of autotetraploid rice varieties showing extremely high level of heterosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. Luan S. B. Tu W. B. Long X. Wang Y. H. Liu F. L. Kong T. He W. G. Yan M. Q. Yu 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2007,267(1-4):205-213
Mechanisms of two F1 hybrids (D46A × DTP-4 and D46A × Dminghui63) of autotetraploid rice (2n = 4x = 48) showing extremely
high pollen fertility 87.40% and 85.97%, respectively, seed set 82.00% and 79.00%, respectively and extremely high level of
heterosis were analyzed cytologically. The chromosome pairing of D46A × DTP-4 and D46A × Dminghui63 was normal at metaphase
I(MI), and had almost no I or III, with an average of 0.020I +14.36 II 6.44rod+7.91ring) +0.01III + 4.80 IV + 0.01VIII and
0.06 I + 17.67 II (11.01rod + 6.67ring)] + 0.06 III +3.10IV+0.01VI, respectively. The most frequent chromosome configurations
were 10II+7IV and 12II+bIV. The bivalent frequency was less frequent in hybrids than that in restoring parents, and the same
results were gained from univalents, trivalent and multivalents. However, the quadrivalent frequency was significantly higher
in hybrids than that in restoring parents at MI. The other meiotic phases progressed normally, except for low percentages
of PMCs with lagging chromosomes at AI and low percentages of PMCs with micronuclei at telophaseI (TI) and telophaseII (TII).
PMCs with lagging chromosomes at AI and PMCs with micronuclei at TI and TII showed negative correlation between pollen fertility
and seed set. Above 90% of the PMCs could form normal microspores, which resulted in the production of viable pollen grains,
abnormal microspores were observed including penta-fission and hexa-fission. Based on these results we suggest that the two
F1 hybrids had better behaviors of chromosome pairing and genetic stability than autotetraploid rice and other autotetraploid
plants ever studied. 相似文献
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新型四倍体水稻是本研究团队创制的一类高育性多倍体水稻新种质,携带有多种优异基因。该类材料与同源四倍体水稻杂交获得的杂种F1产量优势明显,具有应用前景。本文首先概述了同源四倍体水稻的研究进展,并重点阐述了新型四倍体水稻创制过程、主要特点、杂种优势表现及其涉及的分子遗传机理,最后提出未来研究的思路及需要解决的问题,为加快新型四倍体水稻在多倍体水稻育种中的利用提供依据。 相似文献
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利用透射电子显微镜对同源四倍体水稻小孢子母细胞减数分裂前及期间的超微结构进行观察,结果发现:(1)减数分裂前及减数分裂早期,小孢子母细胞核糖体密度高,线粒体、质体等细胞器丰富;粗线期核糖体密度显著下降,线粒体、质体等细胞器数量减少;终变期核糖体密度逐渐恢复到减数分裂前状态,而其他细胞器的数量除在二分体时期出现短暂的回升,终变期以后的时期均较少.(2)小孢子母细胞间的连接在小孢子母细胞时期以典型的胞间连丝为主,进入细线期,胞间连丝数量显著减少,宽孔道的胞质通道逐渐增多,粗线期小孢子母细胞间基本通过胞质通道连接,终变期小孢子母细胞间完全分离.(3)随着减数分裂的进行,药壁四层细胞逐渐液泡化,绒毡层细胞中部分小液泡融合成大液泡,形成胞内"空腔";药室内壁细胞出现大量的具有叶绿体结构特征的质体,内含丰富的淀粉粒,到了四分体时期质体数量及内含的淀粉粒显著减少. 相似文献
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Lei Zhang Ding Tang Qiong Luo Xiaojun Chen Hongjun Wang Yafei Li Zhukuan Cheng 《Genetics》2014,198(4):1447-1456
MSH4 encodes a MutS protein that plays a specialized role in meiosis. In eukaryotic species, such as budding yeast, mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis, msh4 mutants display meiotic defects with a reduced number of chiasmata. Here, we characterized rice MSH4 by map-based cloning. In Osmsh4 mutants, the chiasma frequency was dramatically decreased to ∼10% of the wild type, but the synaptonemal complex was normally installed. The double mutant analysis showed that in the Osmsh4 Osmsh5 mutant, the reduction of chiasmata was greater than other zmm mutants. This was consistent with the absence of localization for OsZIP4 and OsMER3 in Osmsh4 and suggests an earlier role for OsMSH4 and OsMSH5 than other ZMM proteins where they may be required to stabilize progenitor Holliday junctions. Using yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays, we verified the direct physical association between OsMSH4 and OsMSH5 and OsMSH5 and HEI10 in plants for the first time. The MSH4–MSH5 heterodimer has been demonstrated in mammals to stabilize the formation of progenitor and double Holliday junctions that may be resolved as crossovers (COs). We propose that OsMSH4 interacts with OsMSH5 to promote formation of the majority of COs in rice. 相似文献
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本文以孕穗期的杂交粳稻花优14及其母本申9A和父本繁14的剑叶为材料,利用Affymetrix水稻基因组芯片检测了3个样品中的基因表达谱,并用生物信息学方法对差异表达基因进行了分析。结果表明:与其亲本相比,杂交粳稻花优14中共有2057个基因的表达水平出现了2倍(变化倍数≥2或≤0.5)以上的变化。通过对这些差异表达基因进行GO(Gene Ontology)功能分类,发现差异表达基因在光合系统Ⅰ、叶绿体膜和叶绿体被膜等与叶绿体相关的细胞组分中显著富集;同时差异表达基因还在叶绿素合成、叶绿素代谢和类胡萝卜素合成等生物学过程中富集。光合作用效率的改变可能和花优14杂种优势的形成相关。与已报道结果不同,本文在代谢途径分析结果中并没有发现花优14中差异表达基因在碳固定和光合作用等途径中显著的富集,但是发现差异表达基因在光合作用-天线蛋白以及淀粉和蔗糖的代谢途径中显著富集。该结果表明,在不同的杂交组合中,参与杂种优势形成的基因或者代谢途径可能是不同的。 相似文献
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Ian Fayos Delphine Mieulet Julie Petit Anne Ccile Meunier Christophe Prin Alain Nicolas Emmanuel Guiderdoni 《Plant biotechnology journal》2019,17(11):2062-2077
In the last 15 years, outstanding progress has been made in understanding the function of meiotic genes in the model dicot and monocot plants Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa L.), respectively. This knowledge allowed to modulate meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis and, more recently, in rice. For instance, the overall frequency of crossovers (COs) has been stimulated 2.3‐ and 3.2‐fold through the inactivation of the rice FANCM and RECQ4 DNA helicases, respectively, two genes involved in the repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) as noncrossovers (NCOs) of the Class II crossover pathway. Differently, the programmed induction of DSBs and COs at desired sites is currently explored by guiding the SPO11‐1 topoisomerase‐like transesterase, initiating meiotic recombination in all eukaryotes, to specific target regions of the rice genome. Furthermore, the inactivation of 3 meiosis‐specific genes, namely PAIR1, OsREC8 and OsOSD1, in the Mitosis instead of Meiosis (MiMe) mutant turned rice meiosis into mitosis, thereby abolishing recombination and achieving the first component of apomixis, apomeiosis. The successful translation of Arabidopsis results into a crop further allowed the implementation of two breakthrough strategies that triggered parthenogenesis from the MiMe unreduced clonal egg cell and completed the second component of diplosporous apomixis. Here, we review the most recent advances in and future prospects of the manipulation of meiotic recombination in rice and potentially other major crops, all essential for global food security. 相似文献
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The events occurring at the onset of meiosis have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, OsAM1 was identified in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by map-based cloning. OsAM1, a homolog of Arabidopsis SWI1 and maize AM1, encodes a protein with a coiled-coil domain in its central region. In the Osam1 mutant, pollen mother cells are arrested at leptotene, showing that OsAM1 is required for the leptotene-zygotene transition. Immunocytological analysis revealed that OsAM1 exists as foci in early prophase I meiocytes. Very faint OsREC8 foci persisted in the Osam1 mutant, indicating that OsAM1 is not required for the initial meiotic recruitment of OsREC8. In the absence of OsAM1, many other critical meiotic components, including PAIR2, ZEP1 and OsMER3, could not be correctly installed onto chromosomes. In contrast, in pair2, Osmer3 and zep1 mutants, OsAM1 could be loaded normally, suggesting that OsAM1 plays a fundamental role in building the proper chromosome structure at the beginning of meiosis. 相似文献