尾加压素Ⅱ对人脐静脉内皮细胞iNOS表达的影响

目的：探讨尾加压素Ⅱ（UⅡ）对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）诱导型一氧化氮舍酶（iNOS）mRNA表达及一氧化氮（NO）合成的影响。方法：用不同浓度的UⅡ（10^-9～10^-7mol／L）干预体外培养的HUVEC,用硝酸酶还原法及比色法检测细胞培养上清液中NO的水平及iNOS的活性,半定量逆转录一聚合酶联反应（RT—PCR）法检测内皮细胞iNOSmRNA的表达。结果：UⅡ干预24h后,与空白对照组相比,UⅡ呈浓度依赖性显著刺激NO的合成（P〈0．05）,增加iNOS的活性（P〈0．05）,上调iNOSmRNA的表达（P〈0．05）。结论：UⅡ能刺激HUVEC的iN—OSmRNA的表达和NO的合成,提示UⅡ可能通过激活iNOS／NO途径而发挥舒张血管的作用。     

一氧化氮抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ和内皮素—1诱导的心肌细胞原癌基因c—fo …

在原代培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞上,探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡⅡ）和内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）诱导的心肌细胞肥大和原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达的影响。用Ｂｒａｄｆｏｒｄ法测定心肌细胞总蛋白含量（作为心肌细胞肥大的指标）;用基因特异性引物和ＳｕｐｅｒＳｃｒｉｐｔ一步法进行逆转录聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）,检测大鼠心肌细胞原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ的表达（以ＧＡＰＤＨ为内标）。结果显示,ＡⅡ和ＥＴ－１分别作     

新生大鼠缺血缺氧后脑内一氧化氮合酶的动态表达

实验采用生后14天Wistar大鼠缺血缺氧（HI）动物模型。用免疫组织化学方法观察HI复苏（HI/R0后前脑一氧化氮合酶动态表达。结果显示;神经元一氧化氮合酶（nNOS)阳性神经元主要分布于新生大鼠大脑皮层的Ⅲ-Ⅳ层。尾状核,隔核及嗅结节,HI/R早期其表达水平无明显变化;复苏48小时及5天后,可分别在右侧大脑顶皮层或右侧大脑顶皮层和尾状核区出现梗塞灶,该区nNOS阳性神经元明显减少,而诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS)阳性细胞在HI/R后12小时始现于损伤侧的侧脑室;随时间的推移在损伤侧缰核,皮层,尾状核以及丘脑背外侧核,丘脑腹侧核可见iNOS阳性细胞逐渐增多并染色加深,用识别单核巨噬细胞的克隆ED1单克隆抗体检测可见ED1阳性细胞出现的时间和在脑区的分布与iNOS阳性细胞相似,本实验提示,在局灶性脑缺血缺氧早期,脑内NO的释放不依赖于nNOS阳性神经元或iNOS阳性细胞,而在局灶性脑缺血缺氧晚期,iNOS阳性细胞产生的NO可能参与了脑损伤的过程。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对培养心肌细胞c-fos表达和蛋白质合成的作用

本实验在培养新生大鼠心肌细胞上,探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ对心肌细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ ｍＲＮＡ表达和蛋白质合成的影响。结果显示,血管紧张素Ⅱ能诱导ｃ－ｆｏｓ ｍＲＮＡ的表达,增加蛋白质含量,并呈量－效关系,还能加速＾３Ｈ－亮氨酸的掺入速度。上述这些作用可血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗ｓａｒａｌａｓｉｎ所阻断,提示这些作用是受体介导的。     

人尾加压素Ⅱ对大鼠脑微循环的影响

目的:探讨尾加压素Ⅱ(UII)对于大鼠软脑膜微循环的影响.方法:健康成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组、生理盐水(NS)、UII(10-7mol/L)、去甲肾上腺素(NA,10-6mol/L)、UII(10-7mol/L) NA(10-6mol/L)等五组,采用活体微循环观测技术观察大鼠软脑膜微血管内径、血流速度等微循环参数,采用激光多普勒血流量仪测定软脑膜血流量的变化.结果:正常对照组软脑膜细动脉和细静脉血管内径分别为(35.4±3.6)μm和(40.6±8.5)μm,UII组于滴加UII(10-7mol/L)后即刻细动脉和细静脉出现收缩,1 min时细动脉和细静脉收缩达到高峰,血管内径分别为(25.6±3.4)μm和(23.4±3.3)μm (与正常对照组比较,P均<0.05);细动、静脉内血流速度无明显变化(与正常对照组比较P均>0.05);软脑膜血流量于滴加UII(10-7mol/L)后1 min开始升高,5 min达到高峰(3.5±0.4 )PU 值,正常对照组(2.3±0.6)PU值(P<0.05).结论:UII可以使大鼠软脑膜微血管收缩,血流量增加.     

大鼠尾壳核头部一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元区域性分布和脑缺血后变化

用还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸黄递酶法，观察了大鼠尾壳核头部背内侧区，背外侧区，腹内侧区和腹外侧区一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的分布和形态特征。并在夹闭双侧颈总动脉２小时后，观察这些区域一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的变化。     

eNOS基因治疗促进大鼠缺血后肢的血管新生

目的:评估内皮型一氧化氮合酶(Endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)基因治疗对大鼠缺血后肢血管新生的影响。方法:局麻下将30只雄性SD大鼠后肢缺血模型制作后,随机分成实验组和对照组,每组15只。模型制作后1周,采用肌肉注射的方法,实验组缺血后肢接受载有eNOS基因的5型重组腺病毒治疗,对照组接受生理盐水治疗。eNOS基因治疗后4周,评估SD大鼠踝部动脉压、微循环灌注、数字减影血管造影、组织微血管计数以及eNOS蛋白的表达。结果:eNOS基因治疗后4周,和对照组相比,接受eNOS基因治疗的大鼠缺血肢体,表现了更好的血流恢复(踝部动脉压(mmHg):58.2±4.7 vs 86.8±4.3,P0.01;微循环灌注:142.0%±21.5%vs 219.6%±26.2%,P0.01)、侧枝开放和血管新生(血管造影:6.7±1.1 vs 14.4±1.7,P0.01;微血管/肌纤维比值:0.34±0.03 vs 0.56±0.02,P0.01)以及eNOS蛋白的高表达(0.46±0.02 vs 0.73±0.02,P0.01)。结论:eNOS基因治疗促进SD大鼠缺血后肢的血管新生。     

β-肾上腺素受体激动对新生大鼠心肌细胞代谢的影响

为了观察β-肾上腺素受体(β-AR)持续激动对心肌细胞代谢的影响,本工作以培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞为研究对象,采用[^3H]-亮氨酸([^3H]-leucine)掺入法和BCA蛋白分析法检测心肌细胞的蛋白合成代谢与蛋白含量,[^3H]-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖摄取测定方法检测心肌细胞对葡萄糖的摄取量,并采用蛋白免疫印迹杂交方法检测腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase,AMPK)磷酸化程度。结果显示,β-AR激动剂异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)持续刺激心肌细胞48h,心肌细胞[^3H]-leucine掺入量和蛋白质含量与对照组相比均无显著差异。用ISO或去甲肾上腺素(α1-AR特异性拮抗剂哌唑嗪存在下)持续激动β-AR 48h,心肌细胞的葡萄糖摄取量和AMPK磷酸化均显著高于对照组。上述结果表明,β-AR持续激动对培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞蛋白质合成及蛋白质含量没有明显的作用,但可引起葡萄糖摄取量明显增加和AMPK的激活,提示β-AR可能与心肌肥厚过程中能量代谢状态的变化有关。     

早期经验对大鼠脑区一氧化氮合酶活性的影响

目的　探讨NO与早期饲养环境所引起脑效应的关系。方法　将断乳大鼠在丰富环境 (EC)和单调环境 (IC)中饲养 30d。环境暴露后通过NADPH -黄递酶组化方法对海马齿状回 (DEN)和大脑皮层NOS活性进行定量测定以及对大鼠进行Morris水迷宫作业训练。结果　EC大鼠与IC大鼠相比 ,海马齿状回 (DEN)和大脑皮层NOS活性明显下降 ,迷宫测试表明EC大鼠的空间认知显著优于IC大鼠。在环境暴露期间隔日注射一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)抑制物L -NAME(50mg/kg) ,未引起EC或IC大鼠认知行为的明显改变 ,但导致DEN和大脑皮层NOS活性的不同改变。结论　NO可能与早期经验脑效应有关。     

尾加压素对常氧及低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞周期的影响

目的：观察新近发现的缩血管活性肽人类尾加压素Ⅱ（human urotensin Ⅱ,hUII)对体外培养的大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMCs)周期的影响。方法：体外培养大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞,加入不同浓度（mol/L)的hUII(10^-7,10^-8,10^-9),在常氧及低氧条件下孵育12h,用流式细胞术碘化丙啶染色法,分析PASMCs DNA直方图细胞周期时项、细胞增殖指数及凋亡亚二倍体峰的改变,以初步观察hUII对PASMCs增殖与凋亡的影响。结果：hUII呈浓度依赖方式促进PASMCs的增殖,主要表现为细胞周期S期的百分比增加,细胞增殖指数（PI）增高,常氧作用比低氧作用更明显。hUII浓度（mol/L)为10^-7,10^-8,10^-9时,与PASMCs常氧作用12h,PI分别比对照组增加了的175％、135％、118％;低氧作用12h,PASMCs PI分别是对照组的135％、118％、103％,hUII浓度为10^-7mol/L时作用最明显。同时DNA直方图分析各浓度范围的hUII均未见PASMCs凋亡亚二倍体峰出现。结论：hUII以剂量依赖方式刺激常氧及低氧PASMCs S期DNA合成速率,使PI增高,提示hUII具有明显的促PASMCs增殖作用。     

甲醛炎性痛增强大鼠海马NOS表达和NO生成

目的：观察甲醛炎性痛过程中大鼠痛行为、海马一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性及一氧化氮（NO）含量的变化以及变化的时程及区域特征。方法：采用辐射热甩尾法测定大鼠痛阈变化;采用NADPH—d组织化学法和硝酸还原酶法分别测定大鼠海马NOS表达和No含量。结果：皮下注射甲醛溶液后,大鼠出现伤害性感受反应及痛阈降低。注射甲醛后6h,海马CA1、CA2～3区及DG区NOS阳性细胞数目、阳性细胞染色深度均显著增加。海马NO含量亦显著增加;注射甲醛后12h时这些改变最为显著,48h时恢复至对照组水平。结论：甲醛炎性痛可诱导海马NOS活性增强及NO生成增多．这种改变可发生在海马各区．并具有一定的时程特征。     

昆虫一氧化氮及其合酶的研究进展

一氧化氮作为一种重要的信息分子 ,参与调节昆虫嗅觉、视觉、机械感受、发育、机体防御及学习行为。该文从生理、生化、形态定位以及信号转导几方面综述了有关昆虫一氧化氮及其合酶的最新研究进展。     

白细胞介素—10对血管一氧化氮／一氧化氮合酶系统的影响

为探讨抗炎因子－－白细胞介素－10（IL－10）对大鼠主动脉一氧化氮（NO）／一氧化氮合酶（NOS）系统的影响,应用Griess试剂、^3H－瓜氨酸生成及蛋白免疫印迹杂交等方法,测定IL－10孵育对血管NO释放、NOS活性及表达的影响。结果发现细菌脂多糖（LPS）呈浓度领带性地激活诱导型NOS（iNOS）,促进NO生成。IL－10（10^-10-10^-8g/ml）呈浓度依赖性地上调内皮型NOS（eNOS）蛋白表达及其活性,但对iNOS活性及表达无明显影响,IL－10（10^-9-10^-8g/ml）显著抑制10μg/ml LPS诱导的NO生成和iNOS激活;而高浓度IL－10（10^-7g/ml）则上调iNOS的活性,对eNOS蛋白的表达知活性无明显影响。因此IL－10对NO／NOS系统具有双重影响,一方面可抑制炎症介质诱发的作为炎性物质的iNOS的表达及激活,另一方面可上调内皮源扩血管物质NO的释放。     

Uric acid modulates vascular endothelial function through the down regulation of nitric oxide production

Abstract

Endothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is the first stage of coronary artery disease. It is known that one of the factors associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease is a high plasma level of uric acid. However, causative associations between hyperuricaemia and cardiovascular risk have not been definitely proved. In this work, we tested the effect of uric acid on endothelial NO bioavailability. Electrochemical measurement of NO production in acetylcholine-stimulated human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that uric acid markedly decreases NO release. This finding was confirmed by organ bath experiments on mouse aortic segments. Uric acid dose-dependently reduced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. To reveal the mechanism of decreasing NO bioavailability we tested the effect of uric acid on reactive oxygen species production by HUVECs, on arginase activity, and on acetylcholine-induced endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation. It was found that uric acid increases arginase activity and reduces endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation. Interestingly, uric acid significantly increased intracellular superoxide formation. In conclusion, uric acid decreases NO bioavailability by means of multiple mechanisms. This finding supports the idea of a causal association between hyperuricaemia and cardiovascular risk.     

Cobalt-60 gamma radiation increased the nitric oxide generation in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells

Radiation is a promising and new treatment for restenosis following angioplasty. Nitric oxide has been proposed as a potential "anti-restenotic" molecule. We radiated the cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells with Cobalt-60 gamma radiation at doses of 14 and 25Gy and observed nitrite production, cGMP content, L-arginine uptake, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, and the gene expression of iNOS. Results showed that radiation at doses of 14 and 25Gy increased cGMP content by 92.4% and 86.4%, respectively. Radiation at the dose of 25Gy increased the iNOS activity and nitrite content, but radiation at the dose of 14Gy had no significant effect on iNOS activity and NO production. Both doses of radiation significantly decreased the L-arginine transport. Radiation at the doses of 14 and 25Gy increased iNOS gene expression significantly, which was consistent with the effect of radiation on iNOS activity. In conclusion, radiation induces the NO generation by up-regulating the iNOS activity.     

Effect of Magnesium tanshinoate B on the production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator which plays an important role in regulating vascular tones. Danshen, a Chinese herbal medicine has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of magnesium tanshinoate B (MTB), a compound purified from Danshen, on the production of NO in human endothelial cell line (ECV304). After cells were incubated with MTB (1-10 µM) for 1 or 4 h, amounts of NO metabolites released by cells were quantified and cellular NOS activities were determined following the conversion of [³H]arginine to [³H]citrulline. The NOS protein expression was determined by Western immunoblotting analysis. MTB (1-10 µM) stimulated the release of NO and its metabolites from endothelial cells. Following MTB treatment, the cellular NOS activities were significantly enhanced with a concomitant increase in the levels of constitutive NOS (cNOS) protein mass (110-178%). Selective activation of cNOS by MTB may be employed therapeutically in modulating NO production in endothelial cells.     

The role of nitric oxide in sepsis-associated kidney injury

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), and several mechanisms including microcirculatory alterations, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction are involved. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the common elements to all these mechanisms. Although all three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms are constitutively expressed within the kidneys, they contribute in different ways to nitrergic signaling. While the endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) isoforms are likely to be the main sources of NO under basal conditions and participate in the regulation of renal hemodynamics, the inducible isoform (iNOS) is dramatically increased in conditions such as sepsis. The overexpression of iNOS in the renal cortex causes a shunting of blood to this region, with consequent medullary ischemia in sepsis. Differences in the vascular reactivity among different vascular beds may also help to explain renal failure in this condition. While most of the vessels present vasoplegia and do not respond to vasoconstrictors, renal microcirculation behaves differently from nonrenal vascular beds, displaying similar constrictor responses in control and septic conditions. The selective inhibition of iNOS, without affecting other isoforms, has been described as the ideal scenario. However, iNOS is also constitutively expressed in the kidneys and the NO produced by this isoform is important for immune defense. In this sense, instead of a direct iNOS inhibition, targeting the NO effectors such as guanylate cyclase, potassium channels, peroxynitrite, and S-nitrosothiols, may be a more interesting approach in sepsis-AKI and further investigation is warranted.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子增加大鼠血管一氧化氮及内皮素的生成

研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂａｓｉｃ ｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒ,ｂＦＧＦ）对自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和ＷＫＹ大鼠血管一氧化氮（ＮＯ）及内皮素生成的影响。取ＳＨＲ和ＷＫＹ大鼠主动脉制成血管薄片,以１０、１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ ｂＦＧＦ（终浓度）分别孵育６ｈ,测定血管组织中一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及孵育液中亚哨酸盐（ＮＯ２）和内皮素含量。结果显示：ＳＨＲ主动脉组织ＮＯＳ活性较Ｗ     

Simultaneous detection of NOS-3 protein expression and nitric oxide production using a flow cytometer

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of SMC proliferation during intimal hyperplasia as has been shown by the inhibitory effect on intimal hyperplasia of adenovirus-mediated ceNOS overexpression in injured arteries in pig. Good assays to quantify the NO-producing enzymes, i.e., NO synthases (NOS), are essential to analyze the mechanism of action of NO in this process. We have developed novel flow cytometric assays for the simultaneous detection of NOS-3 protein, using NOS-3 specific antibodies, and NO production using 4,5-diaminofluorescein-diacetate (DAF-2/DA). The presence of NOS-3 protein and NO production is demonstrated on human A549 and HepG2 cells infected with a NOS-3 adenovirus (Ad.NOS-3). A comparative study showed that the flow cytometric assays are equally sensitive as Western blot analysis, the citrulline assay, or the Sievers assay. On human endothelial and SMC, NOS-3 protein and NO production were simultaneously detected with the assays, both under basal conditions and after Ad.NOS-3transduction. Simultaneous analysis of NOS-3 protein and NO production, made possible by the here-described novel flow cytometric assays, is of significant value to those investigating NOS-3 and NO.