一株白芍内生放线菌的分离、活性及系统发育分析

目的:分离白芍中拮抗农作物致病菌和人类常见病原菌的内生放线菌,并进行系统发育分析。方法:采用3种分离培养基,从白芍根部分离内生放线菌;通过滤纸片法筛选具有拮抗活性的菌株,观察菌丝形态,并进行16S rDNA序列系统发育分析。结果:从白芍中分离得到16株内生放线菌,其中从FYSCA培养基中分离到9株;16株内生放线菌中有6株具有拮抗作用,菌株S-BS033004对5种病原菌有拮抗活性,尤其是对棉花黄萎病菌和小孢拟盘多毛孢菌和耐青霉素类金黄色葡萄球菌的拮抗作用显著,抑菌圈≥20mm。经16S rDNA系统发育分析表明该菌株与Streptomyces anulatus NBRC13369T等6株链霉菌模式菌株亲缘关系较近,相似性均为99.7%。结论:白芍内生放线菌S-BS033004是一株杀菌谱较广的链霉菌,具有很好的开发潜力。     

芍药的访花昆虫和传粉昆虫

20 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年对内蒙古赤峰市高格斯台罕乌拉自然保护区内野生芍药 (PaeonialactifloraPall.)和内蒙古农校芍药园内栽培品种芍药的访花昆虫进行调查 ,经整理鉴定有 2 9种 ,自然保护区内芍药的访花昆虫种类有 1 7种 ,芍药园内的访花昆虫有 1 7种。根据传粉行为和数量的比较确定了自然保护区内主要传粉昆虫为丽斑芫菁、黄胫宽花天牛、黑胫宽花天牛、短毛斑金龟、饥星花金龟、白星花金龟和大淡脉隧蜂 ;芍药园内的主要传粉昆虫为意大利蜜蜂、棕边管食蚜蝇、长尾管食蚜蝇、大淡脉隧蜂、灰带管食蚜蝇和小淡脉隧蜂。     

黄牡丹与芍药组间杂交花粉与柱头识别的解剖学研究

分别用TTC染色法和培养液培养法测定黄牡丹花粉的生活力和萌发率;并分别以5个芍药品种为母本,黄牡丹为父本进行人工杂交,用苯胺蓝染色法,在荧光显微镜下观察黄牡丹花粉在母本('墨玉双辉'、'奇花露霜'、'手扶银须'、'金凤'和'美菊')柱头上的黏附、萌发以及花粉管在柱头和花柱中的动态变化.结果显示:(1)黄牡丹离体花粉生活力达64.9%、萌发率达68.7%.(2)授粉后24 h,黄牡丹花粉在'奇花露霜'、'手扶银须'和'金凤'柱头上的黏附数最多分别为134.5、80.9和100.5个,萌发花粉数也达到最多,分别为46.3、69.7和86.6,说明花粉与母本柱头的黏附性较好.(3)授粉后黄牡丹花粉黏附在柱头处及其附近的柱头乳突细胞内产生大量胼胝质;花粉管生长迟缓,且有扭曲、肿胀、结合、分枝等现象发生;少数花粉管能穿过柱头进入花柱,但常有胼胝质沉积其中.从黄牡丹花粉与5个芍药品种柱头的识别作用来看,受精前障碍是影响黄牡丹与芍药组间杂交的主要原因之一.     

芍药花粉活力和柱头可授性的研究

用TTC法测定了芍药花粉的活力和寿命,用联苯胺—过氧化氢法测定了其柱头的可授期。结果表明,栽培芍药单瓣花植株的花粉活力和重瓣花植株的花粉活力在开花初期(1～2d)无明显差别,但重瓣花植株的花粉活力比单瓣花植株的花粉活力下降快;通常情况下,花粉寿命约为7d。栽培品种的柱头有个体差异,单瓣花植株有的开花后2h即可分泌粘液,而重瓣花植株的柱头在开花后,有的一直不分泌粘液,有的在开花后两天才分泌粘液;单瓣花植株的柱头可授性比重瓣花植株的强,一般分别在开花后6d和3d之内具可授性。移栽的野生芍药植株的花粉活力比栽培品种下降的慢,其寿命也较长,一般为15d;柱头的可授性和粘液分泌比栽培植株强。     

收获期芍药根中芍药甙含量动态变化

采用HPLC法分析了江苏省东海县中药种植场内芍药(PaeonialactifloraPall)在9-11月间根中芍药甙含量的动态变化及其他各主产地芍药根中芍药甙含量。结果表明:芍药甙的含量在9-11月间的变化趋势是低→高→低最后趋于平稳,在10月初含量最高;一天中以中午采集时芍药甙含量最高;芍药甙含量与根直径成反比(Y=-1.50X 5.787),即根直径越小,芍药甙含量越高。     

Studies on the Isolation,Identification and Bioactivities of Daucosterol in the Roots ot Paeonia lactiflora

A white crystalline powder substance (m.p. 290–292℃; [a]23D=-48.3˚) was iso- lated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. It was identified by chemical and spectral analysis as β-sitosterol-D-glucoside, i.e. daucosterol. It amounts to 4×10-5 of the dry material Bioassays showed that daucosterol increased the fresh weight of cucumber cotyledons, promoted the elongation of wheat coleoptiles, and delayed the destruction of chlorophyll. Daucosterol also induced the initiation of root and leaf of isolated cucumber cotyledons. These phenomena showed that daucosterol was an active phytosetroid and exhibited both auxin-like and kinetin-like activities.     

芍药花药愈伤组织诱导及体细胞胚发生

以芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)品种粉玉奴花药为外植体,研究不同浓度2,4-D对愈伤组织诱导、体胚发生及植株再生的影响,采用组织细胞学方法观察愈伤组织以及体细胞胚发育过程,采用根尖染色体法鉴定再生植株倍性。结果表明,芍药花药愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+1 mg·L–1 2,4-D+1 mg·L–1 N...     

遮荫处理对芍药幼苗生长和矿质营养积累的影响

遮荫是保护芍药幼苗生长的重要措施。本试验研究了不同遮荫处理对多伦芍药幼苗生长特性和矿质营养积累的影响,以便为多伦芍药幼苗栽培提供指导。采用盆栽试验,研究不遮荫(CK)、出苗一周后20%遮荫、40%遮荫、60%遮荫和80%遮荫5个处理的多伦芍药幼苗生长和矿质营养积累的变化。结果表明:与CK相比,遮荫处理显著提高了幼苗株高,增幅分别为19.9%、31.1%、52.9%、63.7%;显著降低了根生物量比和根冠比,降幅分别为21.5%、23.6%、29.2%、41.8%和40.6%、44.0%、50.9%、63.2%。40%遮荫、60%遮荫和80%遮荫显著提高了比叶面积,增幅分别为77.0%、84.1%、65.2%,显著增加了叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,增幅分别为92.3%、128.7%、98.1%和86.9%、113.1%、90.5%,显著降低了根生物量,降幅分别为61.4%、74.3%、78.6%。与CK、20%遮荫、40%遮荫和80%遮荫处理相比,60%遮荫显著提高了根中磷含量,增幅分别为245.7%、65.9%、40.5%、10.3%;60%遮荫处理的根中钾和镁含量显著高于其他处理,比CK、20%遮荫、40%遮荫和80%遮荫处理分别高102.9%、131.7%、57.0%、63.3%和131.3%、55.1%、40.4%、7.7%。本试验条件下,60%遮荫是多伦芍药幼苗生长适宜的光照条件。     

RP-HPLC detection of a sulphiting-induced artefact from paeoniflorin in dried roots of Paeonia lactiflora

Paeoniflorin is one of the bioactive ingredients of the roots of Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniaceae). A comparative study of processed and non-processed commercial samples of dried roots of P. lactiflora indicated a very low level of paeoniflorin in the processed sample and the formation of a new more polar component, sodium paeoniflorin sulphonate, during treatment of the roots with sulphiting agents.     

Chemical constituents isolated from Paeonia lactiflora roots and their neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress in vitro

The methanolic extract of Paeonia lactiflora roots significantly protected primary cultures of rat cortical cells exposed to oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂. Seven monoterpenes, paeonilactone-B (1), paeonilactone-C (2), paeoniflorigenone (3), benzoylpaeoniflorin (4), paeoniflorin (5), oxypaeoniflorin (6) and albiflorin (7), were isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation and further separation using chromatographic techniques. Among them, compounds 2 and 4 significantly protected primary cultures of rat cortical cells against H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity.     

芍药乙烯受体PlETR1基因过表达载体的构建及烟草转化

芍药是乙烯敏感型花卉,乙烯受体感知并传导乙烯信号,在乙烯信号转导途径中发挥重要作用。芍药PlETR1基因cDNA全长序列已分离,为了鉴定芍药PlETR1基因的功能,本研究基于PlETR1基因和表达载体序列,应用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计了一对特异性PCR引物,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出了PlETR1编码区片段,进一步构建了芍药PlETR1基因过表达载体。基于优化的模式植物烟草的组培体系和筛选出的潮霉素抗性浓度,应用农杆菌介导的叶盘法开展了芍药PlETR1基因转化烟草的研究,对转基因抗性烟草植株进行了PCR检测,结果表明HPT基因和芍药PlETR1基因已导入到烟草基因组中,且芍药PlETR1基因转录表达成功,为下一步鉴定芍药PlETR1基因的功能提供科学依据。     

莲种子的耐热性及抗氧化酶活性

莲种子具有抗超高温的能力,在100℃保温24 h仍然保持100% 的发芽率,萌发后能长出外观正常的幼苗,但种子活力则较大幅度的下降.莲子在 110℃下保温24 h后还保持40%的发芽率,但萌发时由于子叶腐烂而不能成苗.莲种子发育过程中,胚轴超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性不断升高;胚轴过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在20 DAP达到最高,随后下降;胚轴中抗坏血酸从发育初期直至完全成熟期持续积累,直到完全成熟期.胚轴酶提取液经100℃煮5 min后,CAT和POD的活性全部丧失,而SOD活性仍很高,经100℃煮60 min后SOD原有活性只丧失1/3.     

Antioxidative Activities of Oxindole-3-acetic Acid Derivatives from Supersweet Corn Powder

The components contributing to the antioxidative activity of supersweet corn powder (SSCP), which is commonly used in corn soup and snacks in Japan, were clarified and the effects investigated. 7-(O-β-Glucosyloxy)oxindole-3-acetic acid (GOA) was found to be the component most strongly contributing to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity of the 80% ethanol extract of SSCP, and the presence of its aglycone, 7-hydroxy-oxindole-3-acetic acid (HOA) was confirmed. GOA and HOA respectively contributed 35.1% and 10.5% to the DPPH radical-scavenging activity of the 80% ethanol extract of SSCP. Mice orally administered with HOA at doses of both 500 and 1500 mg/kg showed a significantly lower (p<0.05) level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the plasma than the vehicle-treated control. These results suggest that GOA and HOA were at least partly involved in the antioxidative activity of SSCP in vitro and that HOA might have possessed antioxidative activity in vivo.     

茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

采用高效液相色谱法对三个产地茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量进行了测定,该方法具有操作简便、样品无需预处理等特点,稳定性、重现性较好,回收率高,适合于茶叶多糖糖醛酸含量的测定。结果表明不同产地茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量有明显差异。本文同时研究了不同产地茶叶多糖对超氧自由基和DPPH自由基的清除作用,以评价其抗氧化活性。结果发现不同产地茶叶多糖的抗氧化活性与其糖醛酸含量呈正相关,糖醛酸含量越高,其抗氧化能力越强。     

河西干旱区白芍养分吸收规律与药效成分积累的关系研究

为揭示河西干旱区白芍干物质积累及营养元素吸收特征和药效成分累积规律,明确影响药效成分积累的营养元素种类,科学制定白芍施肥方案和规范化种植。以甘肃省古浪县古丰镇芍药产业基地4年生白芍为研究对象,通过田间试验测定白芍不同生长期干物质积累特征以及根中9个营养元素含量和3类药效成分含量,并分析白芍根中有效成分含量与营养元素的相关关性。结果表明：（1）随着生育期延续,白芍根部干物质积累先下降后上升,全株干物质积累量逐渐增加,出苗后90-130 d是白芍干物质积累最快的时期,占总积累量的79.29 %,是白芍生长的关键时期。（2）白芍地上部氮、钾含量总体呈下降趋势,而磷素含量总体呈明显增加趋势,而根部氮、磷含量总体呈减少趋势,钾含量变化不明显;地上部和根氮累积总量分别在出苗后130 d和150d达到最高。地上部磷积累量在出苗后150 d达到最大,根部磷积累量分别在出苗后30 d、150 d达到高峰,地上部和根部钾积累量分别在出苗后70 d和150 d达到高峰。地上部氮、钾含量在不同生长时期均高于根部,其磷含量则在出苗后90 d前低于根部,在出苗后110 d后高于根部。（3）根中芍药苷、芍药内酯苷积累量均先升高后降低,最后趋于稳定,多糖积累量表现为高-低-高的变化趋势。（4）芍药苷含量与氮、钙、铜含量呈极显著正相关,与钾含量呈显著正相关,芍药内脂苷含量与氮、钾、钙、铜含量呈极显著正相关,而芍药多糖与各营养元素含量之间没有相关性。可见,白芍氮、磷、钾营养最大效率期在出苗后110～150 d,适时追加氮、钾肥有利于根部生物量的积累,施肥中添加Ca、Cu元素能有效促进白芍药效成分的积累;河西冷凉山区白芍宜在9月中下旬（9月16日以后）采挖。     

小叶锦鸡儿花提取物和不同极性黄酮组分的抗氧化活性(英文)

测定了小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam.)花粗提物和不同极性组分总黄酮含量和各项抗氧化能力指标。结果表明:小叶锦鸡儿花不同极性的黄酮组分的抗氧化活性有明显差别,其总抗氧化能力与溶剂极性之间有显著正相关性(P<0.05),但其它抗氧化活性与溶剂极性之间均无显著相关性(P>0.05)。同一极性黄酮组分在不同抗氧化体系中的抗氧化活性有较大差别。对DPPH.自由基的清除能力最强的为乙酸乙酯层(EC50=0.11 mg/mL),其次是二氯甲烷层(EC50=0.38 mg/mL)和乙醇粗提物(EC50=0.56 mg/mL)。总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)最强的为水层,在1 mg/mL时为1.482个T-AOC能力单位。清除羟自由基.OH能力最强的为水层,其次为正己烷层和乙醇粗提物,在3.57 mg/mL时清除率分别为86.23%、66.04%和64.63%。清除超氧阴离子自由基O2-.能力最强的为水层,其次为乙醇粗提物,在1 mg/mL时其清除率分别相当于0.15 mg/mL Vc清除率的336.17%和318.20%。可见,小叶锦鸡儿花的粗提物和不同极性黄酮组分具有较好的抗氧化活性,可用于提取、制备抗氧化特性和作用不同的天然抗氧化剂。     

Variation in Phenolic Content,Profile, and Antioxidant Activity of Seeds among Different Paeonia ostii Cultivated Populations in China

The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenolic profiles of seeds from fifteen Paeonia ostii cultivated populations in China and identify their relationship with antioxidant activities and associated environmental factors. Thirteen individual phenolic compounds were quantitatively determined by HPLC, and (+)‐catechin was the most abundant phenolic compound in the seeds. Correlation analysis showed that phenolics were the most effective antioxidant compound class by evaluating DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power. Latitude and annual rainfall had significant effects on the contents of many phenolic compounds, and elevation was only significantly correlated with gallic acid content. Within fifteen P. ostii cultivated populations, the seeds of Tongling population exhibited the highest phenolic contents and strongest antioxidant activities. These results suggest that Tongling population has a relatively high utilization value and a potential for sources of natural antioxidants.     

糠醛及其衍生物微生物降解(转化)研究进展

对糠醛及其衍生物微生物降解(转化)机制进行了系统性阐述,介绍了一些代表性的降解(转化)菌株的驯化和筛选、降解(转化)途径及应用等。并且对糠醛及其衍生物的生物降解(转化)进一步研究的方向提出了看法。     

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of New Thiosemicarboxamide Derivatives

To discover new anticancer agents, two series of thiosemicarboxamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells in vitro. Most target compounds (especially 3f , 3g , and 3h ) exhibit potent antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells. Importantly, compound 3h , bearing a 4-methylphenyl substituent at N position of thiourea moiety, has significant and broad-spectrum inhibitory activities against cancer cells (HepG2, HeLa, MDA-MB231, A875, and H460 cells) with low IC₅₀ values (<5.0 μM) and shows low toxicity to normal LO2 and MRC-5 cells. Further studies show that compound 3h exerts high inhibitory activity in cancer cells by inducing the G2/M-phase arrest of cancer cells. Collectively, this study presents compound 3h as a new entity for the development of cell cycle arrest inducers for the treatment of cancer.