外源质粒在枯草芽孢杆菌BF7658中的稳定性及其基因表达

通过B.subtilis噬菌体PBSI转导,已将携带热稳定α-淀粉酶基因的质粒pAmy411引进了B.subtilis BF7658.转导频率为10_(-9)转导子/PFU。尽管pAmy 411的诲贝数在B.subtilis BF7658中较在B.subtilis AS 1.1176中高1倍,但其传代稳定性却较后者低。质粒携带的热稳定α-淀粉酶基因的表达水平在B.subtilis BF 7658中较在B.subtilisAS1.1176中高6倍。     

Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene for an Alkaline Endoglucanase from an Alkalophilic Bacillus and Its Expression in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis

The gene for an alkaline endoglucanase from the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. KSM-64 was cloned into the HindIII site of pBR322 and expressed in Escherichia coli HB101. The nucleotide sequence of a 4.1-kb region of the HindIII insert had two open reading frames, ORF-1 and ORF-2. The protein deduced from ORF-1 was composed of 244 amino acids with an M_r of 27,865. Subcloning analysis proved that the alkaline endoglucanase was encoded by ORF-2 (822 amino acids with an M_r of 91,040). Upstream from ORF-2, there were three consensus like sequences of the sigma A-type promoter of Bacillus subtilis, a putative Shine-Dalgarno sequence (AGGAGGT), and a catabolite repression operator-like sequence (TGTAAGC-GGTTAACC). The HindIII insert was subcloned into a shuttle vector, pHY300PLK, and the encoded alkaline endoglucanase gene was highly expressed both in E. coli and B. subtilis. One of the three promoter-like sequences in ORF-2 could be suitable for high levels of enzyme expression in both host organisms.     

Gene Expression After Transformation in Bacillus subtilis

Sensitive assays of histidase activity were used to follow the production of this enzyme as directed by a gene newly introduced into cells of Bacillus subtilis by transformation. Histidase activity can be detected in histidase-negative recipient cells within 1 hr after the addition of deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from histidase-positive donors. Enzyme production continues for one to two additional hours and then ceases. Histidase production in the transformed cells is fully sensitive to catabolite repression. Catabolite repression is rapidly established after transformation of recipient cells that are resistant to this form of regulation.     

葡枝根霉TP-02中的内切葡聚糖苷酶基因在枯草芽胞杆菌WB600中的克隆和表达

利用cDNA文库筛选的方法将葡枝根霉TP-02中的内切葡聚糖苷酶基因(eg2和eg3)在枯草芽胞杆菌WB600中成功地克隆和表达。阳性克隆在羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)培养基中发酵36 h内切葡聚糖酶活达到最大值,分别为1.174和1.034 IU/mL,相比出发菌株发酵时间缩短了54 h。用G100分离纯化其发酵上清液后,用SDS-PAGE电泳方法,测得EGⅡ和EGⅢ分子量分别为44、46 ku。     

Preliminary Study on High-level Expression of Tandem-Arranged Tachyplesin-Encoding Gene in Bacillus subtilis Wb800 and its Antibacterial Activity

To produce tachyplesin, an antimicrobial peptide, by a stable and efficient gene engineering approach, cDNAs containing single tachyplesin gene sequence (tac)¹ and tandem repeat of tachyplesin gene sequence (tac2) were respectively developed by annealing two synthesized complementary single-stranded DNAs and constructed into pSBPTQ shuttle vector under the control of the SacB.p.s promoter. The vectors containing the target gene sequence were then transformed into Bacillus subtilis WB800, respectively. Both expression of tac and tac2 were induced by 2% sucrose. The fermentation supernatant was purified by regenerated cellulose membrane tubing (MWCO 2000) and the secreted TAC² and TAC2 were about 5 and 10 mg/l of supernatant, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of TAC and TAC2 were measured by the size of bacteriostatic circle of the fermentation supernatants against Escherichia coli K88. Ultrastructural alteration of E. coli K88 and Salmonella typhimurium was observed under scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that in comparison with TAC, TAC2 was expressed at a higher level and also indicating strong antimicrobial activity both in vitro and in vivo. ¹ tac is tachyplesin gene; tac2 is a tandem repeat tachyplesin gene.²TAC is the expression product of tac; TAC2 is the expression product of tac2.     

血红蛋白基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达及其作用的研究

革兰氏阴性菌Ｖｉｔｒｅｏｓｃｉｌｌａ的血红蛋白与氧结合力强,能降低该菌需氧量。将该血红蛋白的结构基因（Ｖｇｂ）连接到枯草杆菌质粒ｐＡＫ４的β－内酰胺酶基因（ｂｌａ）启动子下（框架正确）,构建了重组质粒ｐＡＶ,并将此质粒先转化至枯草杆菌ＤＢ１０４,继而又转化到枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶工程菌Ｇ３３１和产木聚糖酶枯草杆菌Ｂ５３。经酶切和电泳分析显示转化的质粒ＤＮＡ含有大小与Ｖｇｂ相同的电泳带,又经非放射性同位     

氮离子诱变筛选内切葡聚糖酶高产菌株及其基因突变研究

目的：离子注入枯草芽孢杆菌筛选高产内切葡聚糖酶突变菌株,同时进行其酶活性研究,并克隆该基因,研究离子注入对其诱变效应。方法：低能氮离子重复注入枯草芽孢杆菌,筛选获得1株高产内切葡聚糖酶突变菌株Bac11。DNS法测定酶活性。PCR扩增获得出发菌株Bac01和突变菌株Bac11内切葡聚糖酶基因,并对核酸序列及预测氨基酸序列进行多重比对。结果：突变菌株Bac11内切葡聚糖酶活性从93.33IU提高到381.89IU。多重比对Bac01和Bac11内切葡聚糖酶基因编码区1500bp序列,当中有10个碱基发生突变,预测氨基酸序列中有5个氨基酸残基发生变化,且都在其基因纤维素结合域部分。结论：低能氮离子重复注入对枯草芽孢杆菌内切葡聚糖酶活性及其基因有明显的诱变累加效应。     

纳豆激酶基因的克隆及其在枯草杆菌中的表达

为研究纳豆激酶（nattokinase,NK)的生物化学性质,以纳豆芽胞杆菌基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增包含启动子及3‘端非翻译区的纳豆激酶全长基因序列。经鉴定后构建大肠杆菌－枯草杆菌穿梭表达质粒pBLNK,转化蛋白缺陷型枯草杆菌,筛选表达菌株。表达株培养15h后收集培养上清液,SDS－PAGE分析证实表达产物后,用超滤浓缩、分子筛、离子交换等步骤分离纯化重组NK,每升发酵液得纯度达95％的重组NK约100mg,比活性达12000u/mg。     

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)碱性脂肪酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

将来自枯草芽孢杆菌的碱性脂肪酶基因经密码子优化,全基因合成后克隆到pPICZαA载体,构建了pPICZαA-bsl分泌型重组质粒,该重组质粒经限制性内切酶PmeI线性化后使用LiCl法转化到毕赤酵母X-33,经过筛选获得分泌表达碱性脂肪酶的重组毕赤酵母X-33/pPICZαA-bsl。摇瓶发酵液上清酶活最高可达4.78 U/mL,初步研究了该脂肪酶的酶学性质,其最适作用温度为40-60℃,最适pH9.0,且具有高度耐碱的特性。该重组脂肪酶对旧新闻纸具备较明显的脱墨能力。     

少根根霉脂肪酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的诱导表达

利用PCR技术从少根根霉基因组中扩增出脂肪酶成熟肽基因ral,并从枯草芽孢杆菌基因组中扩增出sacB基因的启动子-信号序列(SacB);通过搭桥PCR将SacB序列与ral基因融合,并将该基因表达盒连接到枯草杆菌分泌表达载体pGJ103中构建了脂肪酶基因的诱导表达载体pGJ103-SacB-ral。将重组载体转化至枯草芽孢杆菌后,少根根霉脂肪酶成熟肽基因在SacB启动子-信号序列的调控和蔗糖的诱导下获得表达,产物分泌至胞外。     

Expression of the colH Gene Encoding Clostridium histolyticum Collagenase in Bacillus subtilis and Its Application to Enzyme Purification

The colH gene encoding 116-kDa collagenase of Clostridium histolyticum (cColH) was cloned into an Escherichia coli-Bacillus subtilis shuttle vector to develop a method for purification of recombinant collagenase (rColH). When plasmid pJCM310 containing the colH gene was introduced into B. subtilis DB104 and the transformant was grown in LB broth at 37 C, stability of the plasmid was not maintained. However, stability was partly improved by growing the transformant in a modified LB broth containing 0.5 M sodium succinate with gentle shaking at 35 C. When the transformant was grown to an optical density of 0.4 at 600 nm in this medium, pJCM310 was stable and rColH was produced in sufficient amounts. rColH was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The yield of rColH from an 800-ml culture was 0.53 mg and its specific activity was estimated to be 1,210 U per mg of protein. The purified rColH was capable of degrading native type-I collagen fibril from bovine achilles tendon, as was demonstrated by zymography. A comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequence between cColH and rColH revealed that rColH has 10 extra N-terminal amino acid residues. However, the peptide mapping of rColH with V8 protease was virtually identical to that of cColH. Furthermore, the molecular mass of rColH was estimated to be 112,999 Da by mass spectrometry, coinciding with the value of 112,977 Da, which was predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the colH gene. Therefore, the recombinant B. subtilis culture is capable of serving as a useful source for enzyme purification.     

巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶基因在枯草杆菌中的高表达

用ＰＣＲ方法从巨大芽孢杆菌的基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增到青霉素Ｇ酰化酶基因,并装载到枯草杆菌质粒ｐＰＺＷ１０３中,将其转化到枯草杆菌ＤＢ１０４中进行了分泌表达,重组菌株产酶无需苯乙酸诱导。在３７℃培养２４ｈ,菌液酶活力可达６ｕ／ｍｌ。１０天的连续传代实验表明重组菌株的稳定性很高。     

长野芽孢杆菌普鲁兰酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达及酶学性质研究

根据NCBI上报道的基因序列设计引物,以长野芽孢杆菌(Bacillus naganoensis)ATCC53909的染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增普鲁兰酶编码基因pulB。将此基因与表达载体pWB980连接构建重组质粒pWB-pulB,并转化枯草芽孢杆菌WB600。SDS-PAGE结果显示,在100 kD处有特异性条带,经测定重组转化子粗酶液酶活力达10.94 U/mL。酶学性质分析表明,其最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH为5.0,且在温度30-60℃及pH4.0-6.0范围内稳定,适合淀粉加工行业的应用。     

耐热糖化酶基因的克隆及其在枯草杆菌中的表达

应用PCR技术从嗜热古生菌硫磺矿硫化叶菌（Sulfolobus solfataricus）中扩增到大小约为1．9kb编码嗜热糖化酶的DNA片段,并将其插入枯草杆菌诱导型表达载体pSBPYF,获得含有该糖化酶基因的重组质粒pSGAYF,转化枯草芽孢杆菌DB1342。经蔗糖诱导后,该糖化酶在枯草杆菌DB1342（pSGAYF）中获得胞外分泌表达,酶活为3．6U／mL,最适温度为90℃,最适pH6．0。     

Expression of a Thermomonospora fusca Cellulase Gene in Streptomyces lividans and Bacillus subtilis

A cellulase gene from Thermomonospora fusca coding for endocellulase E₅ was introduced into Streptomyces lividans by using shuttle plasmids that can replicate in either S. lividans or Escherichia coli. Plasmid DNA isolated from E. coli was used to transform S. lividans, selecting for thiostrepton resistance. The transformants expressed and excreted the endocellulase, but the ability to produce the endocellulase was unstable. This instability was shown to result from deletion of the endocellulase gene from the plasmid. Plasmid DNA prepared from a culture in which plasmid modification had occurred was used to transform E. coli, selecting for Amp⁺ cells, and all of the transformants were cellulase positive, showing that pBR322 and T. fusca DNA were deleted together. When a plasmid was constructed containing only T. fusca DNA in plasmid pIJ702, the transformants were more stable, and the level of endocellulase activity produced in the culture supernatant after growth on 0.2% glucose was close to the level produced by T. fusca cultures grown on 0.2% cellulose. About 50% of the total protein in the culture supernatant of the S. lividans transformant was endocellulase E₅. The enzyme produced by the S. lividans transformant was identical to pure T. fusca E₅ in its electrophoretic mobility and was completely inhibited by antiserum to E₅. Shuttle plasmids containing the E₅ gene that could replicate in Bacillus subtilis and E. coli were also constructed and used to transform B. subtilis. Again there was extensive deletion of the plasmid DNA during transformation and growth in B. subtilis. There was no evidence of E₅ activity, even in those B. subtilis transformants that retained the E₅ gene.     

水稻淀粉分支酶基因5′上游区缺失对基因表达的影响

为研究水稻淀粉分支酶基因 (sbe1) 5′上游调控区中存在的顺式作用元件 ,我们将水稻sbe1基因翻译起始点 (ATG) 5′上游区 1.2kb(- 10 96～ 74bp)片段经过不同限制性内切酶消化及外切核酸酶ExoIII部分消化 ,得到 4个 5′端缺失的片段。将这些缺失片段分别与 gus基因编码区连接 ,构建成融合质粒 ,经土壤农杆菌 (Agrobacterium)介导引入水稻 ,定量测定转基因水稻植株未成熟种子中的 gus酶活力。结果表明 ,- 5 16～ 6 4bp的sbe1启动子片段可以驱动gus基因的高表达 ,其它 3个启动子片段 (- 10 96～ 74bp ,- 2 95～ 74bp ,- 146～ 6 4bp)驱动 gus基因表达的能力较低。推测在sbe1基因 5′上游区 - 5 16～ - 2 95bp片段中可能存在能使 gus基因高表达的增强元件