薰衣草精油对酪氨酸酶活性影响的研究

以L-酪氨酸为底物,从马铃薯中制备酪氨酸酶粗酶液,以熊果苷为阳性对照,研究了薰衣草精油对酪氨酸酶活性影响,结果表明薰衣草精油对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制表现出良好的剂量-效应关系,其抑制率均随剂量的增大而升高,1 mg/mL、2 mg/mL、4 mg/mL、8 mg/mL抑制率分别为22.59%、31.46%、50.91%、81.96%。     

超临界CO2萃取薰衣草精油的研究

研究超临界CO2萃取薰衣草精油的工艺,考察萃取压力、温度、时间和CO2流量对薰衣草精油得率的影响,正交设计试验确定工艺条件,各因素对薰衣草精油得率影响程度是萃取时间>压力>CO2温度>流量。薰衣草精油得率为3.26%-4.50%。优化的工艺条件为萃取压力22 MPa、温度45℃、CO2流量20 L/h,萃取时间120 m in。经GC/MS分析结果显示薰衣草精油的主要成分为:顺式氧化芳樟醇2.75%;反式氧化芳樟醇0.75%;桉叶油素0.4%;芳樟醇14.53%;乙酸芳樟脂25.40%;乙酸薰衣草酯7.93%;薰衣草醇2.0%;龙脑1.05%;丁酸己酯1.44%等。     

Cytotoxic Activity of Cunila angustifolia Essential Oil

The Cunila angustifolia essential oil was obtained from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC‐FID and GC‐MS to determine its chemical composition. The essential oil presented pulegone (29.5 %) and isomenthol (27.0 %) as major components, and other compounds such as menthone (8.6 %), neomenthol (7.2 %), menthyl acetate (2.5 %) and caryophyllene oxide (2.0 %) were identified. The cytotoxic activity of the essential oil was evaluated by MTS assay, with the human cancer cell lines of the lung (A549), breast (MCF‐7) and skin melanoma (SK‐Mel‐28). The assay showed the highest selectivity, to MCF‐7 cell lines, with IC₅₀ equal to 34.0 μg mL^?1, low selectivity for SK‐Mel‐28 cell lines, with IC₅₀ equal to 279.9 μg mL^?1, and no mortality to A549 cell lines.     

Essential Oil Compositions and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Lavandula stoechas Cultivars Grown in Thailand

The essential oils of five Lavandula stoechas cultivars grown in Thailand were characterized for their volatile compounds using GC‐FID and GC/MS methods as well as screened for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Dried aerial parts, including flowers and stems from each cultivar, were subjected to hydrodistillation for 4 h. The essential oil yields were 0.18 %–0.82 % w/w. Of the 95 compounds detected and identified, 1,8‐cineole, fenchone, and camphor were considered the major compounds. Essential oil from each cultivar demonstrated different patterns of antibacterial activity and a variety of antioxidant properties. The highest antibacterial activity, MIC=0.39 mg mL^?1, was observed from the essential oil of L. stoechas ‘major’ (against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium) and the essential oil of L. stoechas ‘white lavender’ (against S. typhimurium). The essential oil of L. stoechas×viridis ‘St. Brelade’ possessed the highest antioxidant capacity, as determined by the DPPH and ABTS assays (IC₅₀ of 67.65 and 89.26 mg mL^?1, respectively). The results indicated that some of these essential oils could be used as key ingredients in lavender oil products in Thailand to increase their therapeutic efficacy, depending on their intended application.     

柚皮干制前后精油香气成分分析

为明确干制对柚皮中精油香气成分的影响,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取干制前后柚皮中精油,通过气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对精油进行成分分析.结果表明,从鲜柚皮中共检出74种香气成分,占精油总质量分数的99.61%;从干柚皮中共检出45种香气成分,占精油总质量分数的99.45%;两者共有香气成分44种,相对质量分数分别为98.16%和99.41%.干制后柚皮香气成分中烯烃类化合物的相对质量分数增加;醇类、酯类和酮类化合物的相对质量分数减少.干制对柚皮主体香气成分影响不大.     

商州产大马士革玫瑰精油研究

采用ISO9842:2003玫瑰油标准,对陕西商州引种的保加利亚主栽玫瑰品种“Kazanluk”(RosadamascenaMiller)精油进行分析。结果表明,该玫瑰精油香气具有天然玫瑰花香,香气细腻、柔和、飘逸。油为液体,淡黄色,相对密度(20/20℃)0.8599,折光指数(20℃)1.4592,旋光度(20℃)-4.3°,冻点20.6℃,酯值11.9,这些物理指标达到了标准要求。大量主香成分相对含量:乙醇0.5%,香茅醇45.5%,橙花醇4.5%,香叶醇7.6%,苯乙醇2.9%,十七烷烃1.13%,十九烷烃15.5%,二十一烷烃5.0%。这些成分含量与原产地保加利亚玫瑰油成分范围有一定差异,但与摩洛哥同类玫瑰油标准相符,可以作为商品油在国际市场销售。     

芙蓉菊挥发油的成分分析

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取芙蓉菊全草中的挥发油,GC-MS分析其化学组成。共检测出232个成分,归一化法分析各成分的相对含量。联机检索鉴定了56个化合物,占挥发油总量的62.59%,主要成分异石竹烯(Isocaryophyllene)的含量高达14.94%。     

香叶蒿挥发油化学成分研究

为了分析香叶蒿挥发油的化学成分和进一步开发利用香叶蒿提供科学依据,本文采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,运用气相色谱-质谱联用法对香叶蒿挥发油化学成分进行了分析,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量。经毛细管色谱分离出56个峰,并鉴定出各峰所对应的化合物.其主要化学成分为桉树醇(Euca-lyptol),樟脑(Camphor),孟烯醇-4(Menthen-4-ol),异丁酮-2-基-苯(2-Butanone,3-phenyl),对异丁基苯酚(Phe-nol,4-(2-methylpropyl)等。香叶蒿挥发油中化合物含量丰富,且药用,及香料工业用的化合物含量较高,因此香叶蒿有很好的开发利用价值。     

两面针药材挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用方法对广西产两面针药材的挥发油成分进行分析,共分离出80余个组份,通过质谱数据库检索和图谱分析,并参考相应的保留时间确定了其中的58个组分,总相对含量占挥发油的91．4％。其中含量最大的是斯杷土烯醇（55．21％）,其次有异斯杷土烯醇（6．35％）、异香树素环氧化物（3．88％）、2-十三烷酮（3．28％）和α-香附酮（2．14％）等。     

四种裸子植物叶精油化学成分的研究

采用气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用仪对穗花杉、南方红豆杉、三尖杉和罗汉松叶精油化学成分的研究发现,三尖杉和穗花杉叶精油的组成特点极为相似,相同成分１３个,占各自精油组成的４８．０７％和３３．３２％．三尖杉和南方红豆杉叶精油的相同成分４个,占各自精油组成的１６．１４％和４０．５９％．在一定程度上支持三尖杉科和红豆杉科的亲缘关系接近,红豆杉科可能是通过穗花杉属和三尖杉科相联系的观点．罗汉松和穗花杉叶精油的相同成分４个,占各自叶精油组成的比例为２４．０９％和２０．８２％,比罗汉松和南方红豆杉、三尖杉之间组分的相似性要高．反映出罗汉松科和红豆杉科之间有一定联系,穗花杉属是认识红豆杉科、三尖杉科和罗汉松科之间系统关系的关键属     

两种精油熏蒸处理对金针菇贮藏品质的影响

为了开发高效的食用菌绿色保鲜剂,以新鲜的白色金针菇为供试材料,以花椒精油和丁香精油为供试熏蒸剂,分别在常温（25±1）℃和低温（4±1）℃条件下开展了适用于金针菇保鲜的精油种类和浓度的筛选试验,并对金针菇贮藏期内的感官评价、失重率、呼吸强度、褐变度、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性、丙二醛（MDA）以及总酚含量进行了测定。结果显示,常温（25±1）℃条件下用0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油保鲜效果优于其他处理,且有统计学意义（P<0.05）,0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油处理组感官评分分别高于对照组23.4%和27.8%,二者均能够抑制金针菇褐变、减轻腐败变质,且有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在低温（4±1）℃贮藏试验中发现,0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油均能有效抑制呼吸强度和PPO活性的升高（P<0.05）,其呼吸高峰较对照组分别降低了28.3%和39.6%;贮藏15 d后,精油处理组PPO活性较对照组分别降低了8.2%和16.6%;精油处理有效降低了MDA含量的产生,保持着较高的总酚含量、减轻腐烂褐变的程度。第15天时,对照组MDA含量为1.75 μmol·g-1,而花椒精油和丁香精油处理组MDA含量分别比对照组低0.15、0.40 μmol·g-1,丁香精油处理组显著低于花椒精油处理组和对照组（P<0.05）。研究结果表明,0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油均对金针菇采后贮藏保鲜效果显著,其中,0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油的保鲜效果最明显,在15d的贮藏期内,金针菇依然保持着良好的品质,而对照组已经轻微褐变,部分开始腐烂。研究结果为花椒精油和丁香精油应用于金针菇采后贮藏保鲜提供了理论依据。     

中国南方不同地区薰衣草花精油化学成分分析

为了解不同产地薰衣草(Lavandula angustifolia Mill.×Lavandula latifolia Medik.)鲜花精油的化学成分,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了产自濮院、厦门、昆明的薰衣草花精油,并用GC-MS方法对其化学成分及相对含量进行了分析。结果表明,三地薰衣草花精油的得油率分别为6.60%、3.07%、3.17%。精油中分别检出50、59、44个化合物,其中4个化合物(桉叶油醇、α-红没药醇、樟脑和芳樟醇)的相对含量占精油总量的75%以上。三地薰衣草花精油中的主要化学成分相同,但含量不同,且精油的组成成分也存在差异。此外,薰衣草精油中的桉叶油醇、樟脑及α-红没药醇的相对含量与海拔及年均降雨量具有一定相关性。     

裂叶荆芥不同部位香精油组成研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,分别从裂叶荆芥的叶、茎和花三个不同部位提取香精油并进行气相色谱/质谱分析.结果发现,叶、茎、花的香精油分别含有23、29、26种组分.叶和花香精油的组成和含量基本相似,主要成分是含量分别为15.09%、14.51%的薄荷酮和29.26%、31.36%的(+)-胡薄荷酮等单萜化合物以及含量分别为17.09%、5.00%的α-律草烯等倍半萜.而茎香精油的萜类化合物含量较低,含薄荷酮为4.15%,(+)-胡薄荷酮为7.68%,但其乙酯含量相对较高,如(E)-9-十六碳烯酸乙酯含量为11.92%,异戊酸乙酯为9.38%.     

Decreased Immunoreactivity of Hepatitis E Virus Antigen Following Treatment with Sakhalin Spruce (Picea glehnii) Essential Oil

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes a common infectious disease that infects pigs, wild boars, deer, and humans. In most cases, humans are infected by eating raw meat. Some essential oils have been reported to exhibit antiviral activities. In this study, in order to investigate the anti-HEV properties of essential oils, the immunoreactivities of HEV antigen proteins against the relevant antibodies were analyzed after the HEV antigens underwent treatment with various essential oils. The essential oils extracted from the tea tree, which was previously reported to exhibit antiviral activity, lavender, and lemon had strongly reduced activity. We found that treatment with the essential oil prepared from Sakhalin spruce was associated with the strongest reduction in immunoreactivity of HEV antigen protein(s) among the tested substances. The main volatile constituents of Sakhalin spruce essential oil were found to be bornyl acetate (32.30 %), α-pinene (16.66 %), camphene (11.14 %), camphor (5.52 %), β-phellandrene (9.09 %), borneol (4.77 %), and limonene (4.57 %). The anti-HEV properties of the various components of the essential oils were examined: treatment with bornyl acetate, the main component of Sakhalin spruce oil, α-pinene, the main component of tea tree oil, and limonene, the main component of lemon oil, resulted in a strong reduction in HEV antigen immunoreactivity. These results indicate that each main component of the essential oils plays an important role in the reduction of the immunoreactivity of HEV antigen protein(s); they also suggest that Sakhalin spruce essential oil exhibits anti-HEV activity. In a formulation with the potential to eliminate the infectivity of HEV in foodborne infections, this essential oil can be applied as an inactivating agent for meat processing and cooking utensils, such as knives and chopping boards.     

小叶臭黄皮叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小叶臭黄皮叶挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发油成分进行了分析,共分离出84个峰,鉴定了其中的66种成分,所鉴定成分占挥发油总量的94.52%.其主要化学成分为α-芹子烯(15.76%)、石竹烯(15.05%)、β-芹子烯(9.54%)、α-蒎烯(6.43%)和α-石竹烯(5.39%)等.     

黄花补血草挥发性化学成分研究

为了研究黄花补血草挥发油的化学成分,本文采用了水蒸气蒸馏法从黄花补血草中提取挥发油,并用GC-MS法采用最佳分析条件对化学成分进行鉴定,用峰面积归一化法测定各化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量;通过研究,鉴定出70种化合物,其峰面积相对含量约占挥发油总量82.12%。黄花补血草挥发油的主要组分为2-硝基乙醇(59.63%)、正二十四烷(3.71%)、二苯胺(2.31%)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮(1.79%)、正二十一烷(1.57%)、丙二醇(1.40%)等。     

植物精油抑菌活性研究进展

本文综述了国内外植物精油在农用抑菌活性及抑菌活性成分研究方面所取得的成果。阐述了具有农用抑菌活性的31种植物精油及其抑菌效果,并列举了植物精油中13种具有开发潜力的抑菌活性成分,简要分析了植物精油及其主要活性成分的作用机理。     

燕子掌挥发油化学成分的研究

应用气象色谱-质谱联用技术对燕子掌挥发油化学成分进行了分析研究,共鉴定出66种组分与燕子掌主要挥发性化学成分以苯乙醇、2,6,6-三甲基-2,4-环庚二烯-1-酮、6,10,14-三甲基十五烷-2-酮、十六烷酸甲酯、十六烷酸乙酯、十八烷酸甲酯为主要成分,化合物类型以酮、酯、类等化合物为主,其中十六烷酸甲酯的含量最高,占挥发油总量的26．13％。     

玫瑰精油的化学成分及其抗菌活性

通过水蒸汽同步蒸馏法提取玫瑰精油,采用GC-MS方法分析了玫瑰精油的化学组成,共鉴定出其中14个化学成分并测定其相对含量,占总含量的95.25%。香茅醇为玫瑰精油的主要成分,相对含量为90.37%。体外抑菌实验表明,玫瑰精油除对黑曲霉没有抗菌活性外,对其它7种供试菌均具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.063%(v/v),对枯草芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌和白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.125%(v/v),而对绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)的抗菌活性相对较弱,MIC为0.5%(v/v)。抑菌直径结果也表明了玫瑰精油除对黑曲霉、绿脓杆菌的抗菌活性较弱外,对其它6种菌株的抑菌直径都大于8.5 mm。考察了玫瑰精油对3种敏感菌株包括金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳性菌)、大肠杆菌(革兰氏阴性菌)和白色念珠菌(真菌)的杀菌动态过程,为玫瑰精油的应用提供了理论依据。