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1.
The cepA putative gene encoding a cellobiose phosphorylase of Thermotoga maritima MSB8 was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-codonplus-RIL and characterized in detail. The maximal enzyme activity was observed at pH 6.2 and 80°C. The energy of activation was 74 kJ/mol. The enzyme was stable for 30 min at 70°C in the pH range of 6-8. The enzyme phosphorolyzed cellobiose in an random-ordered bi bi mechanism with the random binding of cellobiose and phosphate followed by the ordered release of D-glucose and α-D-glucose-1-phosphate. The K m for cellobiose and phosphate were 0.29 and 0.15 mM respectively, and the k cat was 5.4 s-1. In the synthetic reaction, D-glucose, D-mannose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-glucosamine, D-xylose, and 6-deoxy-D-glucose were found to act as glucosyl acceptors. Methyl-β-D-glucoside also acted as a substrate for the enzyme and is reported here for the first time as a substrate for cellobiose phosphorylases. D-Xylose had the highest (40 s-1) k cat followed by 6-deoxy-D-glucose (17 s-1) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (16 s-1). The natural substrate, D-glucose with the k cat of 8.0 s-1 had the highest (1.1×104 M-1 s-1) k cat/K m compared with other glucosyl acceptors. D-Glucose, a substrate of cellobiose phosphorylase, acted as a competitive inhibitor of the other substrate, α-D-glucose-1-phosphate, at higher concentrations.  相似文献   

2.
D-Lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) from Pediococcus pentosaceus ATCC 25745 was found to produce D-3-phenyllactic acid from phenylpyruvate. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were pH 5.5 and 45 °C. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K m), turnover number (k cat), and catalytic efficiency (k cat?K m) values for the substrate phenylpyruvate were estimated to be 1.73 mmol/L, 173 s?1, and 100 (mmol/L)?1 s?1 respectively.  相似文献   

3.
We identified and characterized a malate dehydrogenase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (ScMDH). The molecular mass of ScMDH was 73,353.5 Da with two 36,675.0 Da subunits as analyzed by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The detailed kinetic parameters of recombinant ScMDH are reported here. Heat inactivation studies showed that ScMDH was more thermostable than most MDHs from other organisms, except for a few extremely thermophile bacteria. Recombinant ScMDH was highly NAD+-specific and displayed about 400-fold (k cat) and 1,050-fold (k cat?K m) preferences for oxaloacetate reduction over malate oxidation. Substrate inhibition studies showed that ScMDH activity was inhibited by excess oxaloacetate (K i=5.8 mM) and excess L-malate (K i=12.8 mM). Moreover, ScMDH activity was not affected by most metal ions, but was strongly inhibited by Fe2+ and Zn2+. Taken together, our findings indicate that ScMDH is significantly thermostable and presents a remarkably high catalytic efficiency for malate synthesis.  相似文献   

4.
Purified recombinant sorbose dehydrogenase from Sinorhizobium sp. 97507 exhibited high reactivity for 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG) and l-sorbose, but little activity for the other sugars or sugar alcohols tested. Kinetic analysis revealed that its catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for l-sorbose and 1,5-AG is 1.8 × 102 and 1.5 × 102 s?1·M?1, respectively.  相似文献   

5.
An aspartic protease that is significantly produced by baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells was purified to homogeneity from a growth medium. To monitor aspartic protease activity, an internally quenched fluoresce (IQF) substrate specific to cathepsin D was used. The purified aspartic protease showed a single protein band on SDS–PAGE with an apparent molecular mass of 40 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme had a high homology to a Bombyx mori aspartic protease. The enzyme showed greatest affinity for the IQF substrate at pH 3.0 with a K m of 0.85 μM. The k cat and k cat?K m values were 13 s?1 and 15 s?1 μM?1 respectively. Pepstatin A proved to be a potent competitive inhibitor with inhibitor constant, K i, of 25 pM.  相似文献   

6.
An NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase [L-glutamate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.1.4] from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. KSM-635 was purified 5840-fold to homogeneity by a several-step procedure involving Red-Toyopearl affinity chromatography. The native protein, with an isoelectric point of pH 4.87, had a molecular mass of approximately 315 kDa consisting of six identical summits each with a molecular mass of 52 kDa. The pH optima for the aminating and deaminating reactions were 7.5 and 8.5, respectively. The optimum temperature was around 60°C for both. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 416units/mg protein for the aminating reaction, being over 20-fold greater than that for deaminating reaction, at the respective pH optima and at 30°C. The enzyme was specific for NADPH (Km 44 μM), 2-oxoglutarate (Km 3.13 mM), NADP+ (Km 29 μM), and L-glutamate (Km 6.06 mM). The Km for NH4Cl was 5.96 mM. The enzyme could be stored without appreciable loss of enzyme activity at 5°C for half a year in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 2 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, although the enzyme activity was abolished within 20 h by freezing at ?20°C.  相似文献   

7.
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), which is a precursor of ethylene in plants, has never been known to occur in microorganisms. We describe the synthesis of ACC by Penicillium citrinum, purification of ACC synthase [EC 4.4.1.14] and ACC deaminase [EC 4.1.99.4], and their properties. Analyses of P. citrinum culture showed occurrence of ACC in the culture broth and in the cell extract. ACC synthase was purified from cells grown in a medium containing 0.05% L-methionine and ACC deaminase was done from cells incubated in a medium containing 1% 2-aminoisobutyrate. The purified ACC synthase, with a specific activity of 327 milliunit/mg protein, showed a single band of M r 48,000 in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular mass of the native enzyme by gel filtration was 96,000 Da. The ACC synthase had the K m for S-adenosyl-L-methionine of 1.74 mM and k cat of 0.56 s-1 per monomer. The purified ACC deaminase, with a specific activity of 4.7 unit/mg protein, showed one band in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of M r 41,000. The molecular mass of the native ACC deaminase was 68,000 Da by gel filtration. The enzyme had a K m for ACC of 4.8 mM and k cat of 3.52 s-1. The presence of 7 mM Cu2+ in alkaline buffer solution was effective for increasing the stability of the ACC deaminase in the process of purification.  相似文献   

8.
We previously isolated from Nicotiana glutinosa leaves three distinct cDNA clones, NGR1, NGR2, and NGR3, encoding a wound-inducible RNase NW, and putative RNases NGR2 and NGR3, respectively. In this study, we produced RNases NW and NGR3 in Escherichia coli and purified them to homogeneity. RNase NGR3 had non-absolute specificity toward polynucleotides, although RNase NW preferentially cleaved polyinosinic acid (Poly I). Both RNases NW and NGR3 were more active toward diribonucleoside monophosphates ApG, CpU, and GpU. Furthermore, kinetic parameters for RNase NW (K m, 0.778 mM and k cat, 1938 min?1) and RNase NGR3 (K m, 0.548 mM and k cat, 408 min?1) were calculated using GpU as a substrate.  相似文献   

9.
β-N-Acetvlhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) was purified from the liver of a prawn, Penaeus japonicus, by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography with Sephadex G-100, hydroxylapatite, DEAE-Cellulofine, and Cellulofine GCL-2000-m. The purified enzyme showed a single band keeping the potential activity on both native PAGE and SDS–PAGE. The apparent molecular weight was 64,000 and 110,000 by SDS–PAGE and gel filtration, respectively. The pI was less than 3.2 by chromatofocusing. The aminoterminal amino acid sequence was NH2-Thr-Leu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Trp-Gly-Trp-Ala-?-Asp-Gln-Gly-VaI-?-Val-Lys-Gly-Glu-Pro-. The optimum pH and temperature were 5.0 to 5.5 and 50°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable from pH 4 to 11, and below 55°C. It was 39% inhibited by 10mM HgCl2.

Steady-state kinetic analysis was done with the purified enzyme using N-acetylchitooligosaccharides (GlcNAcn, n = 2 to 6) and p-nitrophenyl N-acetylchitooligosaccharides (pNp-β-GlcNAcn, n= 1 to 3) as the substrates. The enzyme hydrolyzed all of these substrates to release monomeric GlcNAc from the non-reducing end of the substrate. The parameters of Km and kcat at 25°C and pH 5.5 were 0.137 mM and 598s–1 for pNp-β-GlcNAc, 0.117 mM and 298s–1 for GlcNAc2, 0.055 mM and 96.4s–1 for GlcNAc3, 0.044 mM and 30.1 s–1 for GlcNAc4, 0.045 mM and 14.7 s–1 for GlcNAc5, and 0.047 mM and 8.3 s–1 for GlcNAc6, respectively. These results suggest that this β-N-acetylhexosaminidase is an exo-type hydrolytic enzyme involved in chitin degradation, and prefers the shorter substrates.  相似文献   

10.
D-Galacturonic acid reductase, a key enzyme in ascorbate biosynthesis, was purified to homogeneity from Euglena gracilis. The enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 38–39 kDa, as judged by SDS–PAGE and gel filtration. Apparently it utilized NADPH with a Km value of 62.5±4.5 μM and uronic acids, such as D-galacturonic acid (Km=3.79±0.5 mM) and D-glucuronic acid (Km=4.67±0.6 mM). It failed to catalyze the reverse reaction with L-galactonic acid and NADP+. The optimal pH for the reduction of D-galacturonic acid was 7.2. The enzyme was activated 45.6% by 0.1 mM H2O2, suggesting that enzyme activity is regulated by cellular redox status. No feedback regulation of the enzyme activity by L-galactono-1,4-lactone or ascorbate was observed. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the enzyme is closely related to the malate dehydrogenase families.  相似文献   

11.
In this study, a fusion protein (VHb-DAAO) of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) with Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The k cat value VHb-DAAO (47.1 s?1) towards rac-3-flouroalanine was about 2-fold higher than that of DAAO (21.9 s?1). rac-3-Flouroalanine (500 mM) was kinetically resolved into (R)-3-fluoroalanine with high enatiomeric excess (>99%) by VHb-DAAO with about 52% conversion.  相似文献   

12.
Two α-amylase isoforms designated VAAmy1 and VAAmy2 were purified from cotyledons of germinating seedlings of azuki bean (Vigna angularis). VAAmy1 apparently had lower affinity towards a β-cyclodextrin Sepharose column than VAAmy2. Molecular weights of VAAmy1 and VAAmy2 were estimated to be 47,000 and 44,000, respectively. However, no considerable difference was found between them in effects of pH, temperature, CaCl2, and EDTA, as well as the kinetic parameters for amylose (average degree of polymerization 17): k cat, 71.8 and 55.5 s?1, K m, 0.113 and 0.097 mg/ml; for blocked 4-nitrophenyl α-D-maltoheptaoside: k cat, 62.4 and 85.3 s?1, K m, 0.22 and 0.37 mM, respectively. Primary structures of the two enzymes were analyzed by N-terminal sequencing, cDNA cloning, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, implying that the two enzymes have the same peptide. The results indicated that the low affinity of VAAmy1 towards β-cyclodextrin Sepharose was due to some modification on/near carbohydrate binding site in the limited sequence regions, resulting in higher molecular weight.  相似文献   

13.
Chitin deacetylase, active in the presence of acetate (96% of the enzymatic activity was retained in the presence of 100 mm sodium acetate), was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a culture filtrate of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (944-fold with a recovery of 4.05%). The enzyme was induced in the medium after the eighth day of incubation simultaneously with the blackening of the medium. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 31.5 kDa and 33 kDa as judged by SDS–PAGE and gel filtration, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme is a single polypeptide. The optimum temperature was 60°C and the optimum pH was 11.5–12.0 when glycol chitin was used as substrate. The enzyme was active toward glycol chitin, partially N-deacetylated water soluble chitin, and chitin oligomers the degrees of polymerization of which were more than four, but was less active with chitin trimer and dimer, and inactive with N-acetylglucosamine. The Km and kcat for glycol chitin were 2.55 mm and 27.1s?1, respectively, and those for chitin pentamer were 414 μm and 83.2s?1, respectively. The reaction rates of the enzyme toward glycol chitin and chitin oligomers seemed to follow the Michaelis–Menten kinetics.  相似文献   

14.
Alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans A-6 (Alcaligenes A-6) produced N-acyl-D-aspartate amidohydrolase (D-AAase) in the presence of N-acetyl-D-aspartate as an inducer. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 56 kDa and was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to be a monomer. The isoelectric point was 4.8. The enzyme had maximal activity at pH 7.5 to 8.0 and 50°C, and was stable at pH 8.0 and up to 45°C. N-Formyl (Km=12.5 mM), N-acetyl (Km=2.52 mM), N-propionyl (Km=0.194 mM), N-butyryl (Km=0.033 mM), and N-glycyl (Km =1.11 mM) derivatives of D-aspartate were hydrolyzed, but N-carbobenzoyl-D-aspartate, N-acetyl-L-aspartate, and N-acetyl-D-glutamate were not substrates. The enzyme was inhibited by both divalent cations (Hg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) and thiol reagents (N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetic acid, dithiothreitol, and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid). The N-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid composition were analyzed.  相似文献   

15.
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) [EC 4.1.1.15] was purified from a cell-free extract of Lactobadllus brevis TFO 12005 by chromatographies on Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, and Mono Q. About 9 mg of purified GAD was obtained from 90.2 g of wet cells. The purified preparation showed a single protein band on SDS-PAGE. The molecular weights of purified GAD by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration on Superdex 200 were 60,000 and 120,000, respectively, indicating that GAD from L. brevis exists as a dimer. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified GAD was NH2-Met-Asn-Lys-Asn-Asp-Gln-Glu-Gln-Thr-. The optimum pH and temperature of GAD were at pH 4.2 and at 30°C. The GAD activity was increased by the addition of sulfate ions in a dose-dependent manner. The order of effect was as follows: ammonium sulfate?>?sodium sulfate?>?magnesium sulfate, indicating that the increase of hydrophobic interaction between subunits causes the increase of GAD activity. The purified GAD reacted only with l-glutamic acid as a substrate and the Km, kcat, and kcat/Km values were 9.3 mm, 6.5 s?1, and 7 × 102 m?1 s?1, respectively.  相似文献   

16.
A new H2O2-generating pyranose oxidase was purified as a strong antifungal protein from an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Tricholoma matsutake. The protein showed a molecular mass of 250 kDa in gel filtration, and probably consisted of four identical 62 kDa subunits. The protein contained flavin moiety and it oxidized D-glucose at position C-2. H2O2 and D-glucosone produced by the pyranose oxidase reaction showed antifungal activity, suggesting these compounds were the molecular basis of the antifungal property. The V max, K m, and k cat for D-glucose were calculated to be 26.6 U/mg protein, 1.28 mM, and 111/s, respectively. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 7.5 to 8.0 and at 50°C. The preferred substrate was D-glucose, but 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, L-sorbose, and D-xylose were also oxidized at a moderate level. The cDNA encodes a protein consisting of 564 amino acids, showing 35.1% identity to Coriolus versicolor pyranose oxidase. The recombinant protein was used for raising the antibody.  相似文献   

17.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate with NAD(P) as a cofactor in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. As a housekeeping protein in Helicobacter pylori, IDH was considered as a possible candidate for serological diagnostics and detection. Here, we identified a new icd gene encoding IDH from H. pylori strain SS1. The recombinant H. pylori isocitrate dehydrogenase (HpIDH) was cloned, expressed, and purified in E. coli system. The enzymatic characterization of HpIDH demonstrates its activity with k cat of 87 s?1, K m of 124 μM and k cat/K m of 7 × 105 M?1s?1 toward isocitrate, k cat of 80 s?1, K m of 176 μM and k cat/K m of 4.5 × 105 M?1s?1 toward NADP. The optimum pH of the enzyme activity is around 9.0, and the optimum temperature is around 50 °C. This current work is expected to help better understand the features of HpIDH and provide useful information for H. pylori serological diagnostics and detection.  相似文献   

18.
Leucine dehydrogenase [EC 1.4.1.9] was purified to homogeneity from Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum ICR 2210. The enzyme consisted of a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 34,000. Stepwise Edman degradation provided the N-terminal sequence of the first 24 amino acids, and carboxypeptidase Y digestion provided the C-terminal sequence of the last 2 amino acids. Although the enzyme catalyzed the reversible deamination of various branched-chain l-amino acids, l-valine was the best substrate for oxidative deamination at pH 10.9 and the saturated concentration. The enzyme, however, had higher reactivity for l-leucine, and the kcat/Km value for l-leucine was higher than that for l-valine. The enzyme required NAD+ as a natural coenzyme. The NAD+ analogs 3-acetylpyridine-NAD+ and deamino-NAD+ were much better coenzymes than NAD +. The enzyme activity was significantly reduced by sulfhydryl reagents and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. d-Enantiomers of the substrate amino acids competitively inhibited the oxidation of l-valine.  相似文献   

19.
d-xylose and l-arabinose are the major constituents of plant lignocelluloses, and the related fungal metabolic pathways have been extensively examined. Although Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 grows using d-arabinose as the sole carbon source, the hypothetical pathway has not yet been clarified at the molecular level. We herein purified NAD(P)H-dependent d-arabinose reductase from cells grown on d-arabinose, and found that the enzyme was identical to the known d-xylose reductase (XR). The enzyme activity of XR with d-arabinose was previously reported to be only 1% that with d-xylose. The kcat/Km value with d-arabinose (1.27 min?1 mM?1), which was determined using the recombinant enzyme, was 13.6- and 10.5-fold lower than those with l-arabinose and d-xylose, respectively. Among the 34 putative sugar transporters from P. stipitis, only seven genes exhibited uptake ability not only for d-arabinose, but also for d-glucose and other pentose sugars including d-xylose and l-arabinose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.  相似文献   

20.
SCO5059, encoded in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), was identified as a polyphosphate glucokinase. The K m values of SCO5059 for glucose and polyphosphate (poly(P)6) were estimated to be 12 and 4 µM, respectively, and the k cat value was 0.3 s?1 at pH 7.7 at 28 °C. SCO5059 homologs are highly conserved among Streptomyces, and can work as polyphosphate glucokinase as well.  相似文献   

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