利用人脐血单个核细胞重建急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织的实验研究

利用人脐血单个核细胞重建急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织,探索建立人-小鼠嵌合肝模型方法。15只SCID小鼠,以四氯化碳(CCL4)制备急性肝损伤模型,24h后行2/3肝切除,然后分为三个实验组细胞移植组(7只)、阴性对照组(3只)及空白对照组(5只);将人脐血单个核细胞悬液注入细胞移植组小鼠脾脏内,阴性对照组小鼠脾脏内注入等量磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS),空白对照组不注射细胞悬液和PBS。术后7d、14d及21d取小鼠肝组织观察病理变化、检测人白蛋白(ALB)及细胞角蛋白19(CK19),同时检测小鼠血清及肝组织匀浆中人ALB含量。全部小鼠表现出急性肝损伤组织学特征;细胞移植组小鼠术后7d、14d、21d肝组织内均见大量人ALB及CK19阳性表达细胞,血清及肝组织匀浆可检测出人ALB;阴性对照组小鼠肝组织未见人ALB及CK19阳性表达,血清及肝组织匀浆中未检测出人ALB。人脐血单个核细胞在部分肝切除的急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织内可大量分化为人肝细胞及胆管细胞,在建立模型方面已取得关键突破。     

Cytokines Released by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Inhibit the Production of Early and Late Cytomegalovirus Proteins

Cytomegalovirus-infected human fibroblasts are susceptible to lysis by natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether non-lytic mechanisms might also contribute to the control of cytomegalovirus infection. The appearance of cytomegalovirus proteins in infected fibroblasts was determined by flow cytometry. Infected fibroblasts incubated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 3 days expressed less early and late proteins than fibroblasts incubated without peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Supernatants generated by the cocultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts inhibited the production of cytomegalovirus early and late proteins. The soluble factors in supernatants which contributed to the inhibitory effect were identified as interferons α, β and γ, and tumor necrosis factors α and β. The ability of supernatants to inhibit the production of cytomegalovirus early protein was mimicked by combinations of corresponding recombinant cytokines. The inhibition of cytomegalovirus protein production by cytokines produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells may contribute to early containment of cytomegalovirus infection.     

Induction of Multiple Cytokine Secretion from RAW264.7 Cells by Alginate Oligosaccharides

We investigated the cytokine-inducing activities of guluronate (G3–G6) and mannuronate (M3–M6) oligomers on RAW264.7 cells with the Bio-Plex assay system. Relatively high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), granulocyte macrophage (GM)-CSF, and eotaxin were induced by alginate oligomers to different extents depending on the oligomer structures, and low but significant levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-13 were also induced. Throughout all cytokines tested, M-oligomers tended to be more potent than G-oligomers in terms of cytokine induction, and this tendency was evident in differences between G3 and M3.     

伏马菌素B1对人外周血单个核细胞抗原加工相关转运子表达的影响

探讨伏马菌素B1(FB1)对体外培养的人外周血单个核细胞(hPBMC)抗原加工相关转运子(TAP-1)表达的影响。采用流式细胞定量检测(FCM)、免疫印迹(Western印迹)及半定量RT-PCR方法,研究不同浓度FB1(0,10和50μmol/L)处理后人外周血单个核细胞TAP-1在mRNA和蛋白质水平表达的影响。RT-PCR检测结果表明,10和50μmol/L FB1处理24h后,处理组细胞TAP-1mRNA明显低于对照组。在蛋白质水平,FCM定量分析表明,两个处理组细胞表面TAP1的平均荧光强度均较对照组降低,以50μmol/LFB1处理组降低显著(P<0.05)。免疫印迹结果亦表明,FB1处理组TAP-1的表达均较对照组降低。10和50μmol/LFB1可抑制体外培养的hPBMCTAP-1mRNA和蛋白质表达。     

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对人外周血单个核细胞 HLA-I分子表达的影响

研究探讨了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)对人外周血单个核细胞HLA-I(human leucocyte cyte antigen I)分子表达影响.采用流式细胞术(FCM)和免疫印迹方法研究了不同剂量DON对体外培养人外周血单个核细胞表面HLA-I分子表达的影响及其量效关系.FCM定量检测结果表明,不同浓度DON处理均可一定程度降低人外周血单个核细胞表面HLA-I分子的表达,DON 50ng/mL、100ng/mL、1000 ng/mL和2000 ng/mL组HLA-I类分子的平均表达量分别为6.92±0.68、6.64±0.69、5.95±0.48和5.48±0.77,在50～2000ng/mL范围内随着DON浓度增加,外周血单个核细胞HLA-I分子表达降低,两者呈显著负相关(r=0.737,P＜0.01).Western印迹结果显示,大剂量DON(1000ng/mL和2000ng/mL)组人外周血单个核细胞HLA-I分子表达明显减弱.研究结果表明脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇可剂量依赖地抑制体外培养的人外周血单个核细胞HLA-I分子的表达.     

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇抑制体外培养人外周血单个核细胞低分子量蛋白酶体-2表达

探讨脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)对人外周血单个核细胞参与抗原呈递的低分子量蛋白酶体-2(LMP-2)表达的影响。采用流式细胞术(FCM)和半定量RT-PCR方法从蛋白质和mRNA水平分析了不同剂量DON对体外培养人外周血单个核细胞LMP-2分子表达的影响及其量效关系。FCM定量检测结果表明,不同浓度DON处理均可一定程度抑制人外周血单个核细胞LMP-2的表达,50ng/mlDON组、100ng/mlDON组、1000ng/mlDON组和2000ng/mlDON组LMP-2平均荧光强度分别为6.99±0.72、6.21±0.55、5.34±0.56和5.03±0.43,在50～2000ng/mL范围内随着DON浓度增加,外周血单个核细胞LMP-2表达降低,与DON浓度呈显著负相关(r=0.824,P<0.01)。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,不同浓度DON处理均可抑制人外周血单个核细胞LMP-2mRNA表达。DON在蛋白质和mRNA水平可剂量依赖地抑制体外培养的人外周血单个核细胞LMP-2的表达。     

人外周血单个核细胞与脐带间充质干细胞共培养的AFM研究

采用原子力显微镜与倒置显微镜在细胞层次上观察了人外周单个核细胞(PBMCs)与同种异源脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)共培养的过程,并在单细胞水平上分析了共培养前后人外周单个核细胞的形貌和生物物理性质。结果发现:共培养后贴壁人外周单个核细胞的形态发生了很大的改变,并且表面分布着大小不一的颗粒状聚合物。利用AFM高空间分辨的力位移曲线测量系统,发现共培养72h后培养上清中人外周单个核细胞、贴壁的人外周单个核细胞的粘滞力分别是单纯培养72h的人外周单个核细胞的2倍、5倍,而细胞的硬度分别是单纯培养人外周单个核细胞的1.5倍、2倍。CCK-8检测提示,共培养过程中,干细胞的生长与外周血单个核细胞的生长出现了竞争作用。通过AFM探测人外周单个核细胞与脐带间充质干细胞共培养的可视化数据,有助于更好地了解间充质干细胞与外周血单个核细胞的相互作用。     

Cytotoxic Terpenes from the Flowers of Inula japonica against Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells

Two new 1,10-seco-eudesmanolides ( 1 and 2 ) were isolated from the flowers of Inula japonica together with two eudesmanolide analogs ( 3 and 4 ) and two monoterpene derivatives ( 5 and 6 ). Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism data. All isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Japonipene B ( 3 ) exhibited the most potent effect with the IC₅₀ values of 14.60±1.62 and 22.06±1.34 μM against HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, respectively. Furthermore, japonipene B ( 3 ) showed significant efficacies of arresting the cell cycle at the S/G2-M stages, inducing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and inhibiting cell migration in HepG2 cells.     

Bioenergetics of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Metabolism in Quiescent,Activated, and Glucocorticoid-Treated States

The first quantitative findings on the energy metabolism of human immunecells are presented. In quiescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) protein biosynthesis and Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity eachaccounted for 8% of cellular oxygen consumption. Stimulation with 25, 50,and 75 g Con A/ml (1.25, 2.5 or 3.75 g/10⁶ cells) increased totaloxygen consumption within seconds by 8, 36, and 53%, respectively. Afteraddition of 75 g Con A/ml, the proportion of cellular oxygenconsumption due to protein biosynthesis, Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity,and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity was 15% each and that due to DNA/RNAsynthesis was 8%. On the basis of these findings the immediate effectsof five different glucocorticoids on cellular energy metabolism wereinvestigated. The various glucocorticoids exerted basically the sameinhibitory effects on Con A-stimulated cellular respiration and individualATP-consuming processes, but differed significantly in potency. Similar toprevious studies on rat thymocytes, the relative potencies of theglucocorticoids were found to be: prednylidene (1.7)0.2). Given their rapidity of onset, these effects must benongenomically mediated. The differences between the relative potencies ofthe various glucocorticoids for these effects and those for the classicalgenomic effects have important clinical implications, in particular forhigh-dose systemic and local glucocorticoid therapy.     

从实验感染OPPV的山羊外周血单核细胞中分离病毒的研究

用绵羊胎肺细胞与接种绵羊进行性肺炎病毒（OPPV）的山羊外周血单核细胞共同培养的方法可以分离到病毒,这说明OPPV可以感染山羊。用细胞病变观察、间接荧光抗体试验、电镜切片观察和聚合酶链式反应对分离毒进行了鉴定,进一步证实了分离毒为OPPV。分离结果表明这是一种较为敏感的分离方法。绵羊胎肺细胞可传到40多代,且每一代次的细胞都可用于病毒的分离,因此这是一种非常实用的分离OPPV的方法。     

轮状病毒感染患者外周血单个核细胞的转录组学分析

轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)是引起急性肠胃炎的主要病原体,分析RV感染患者的人外周血单个核细胞(Peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)中差异表达基因(Differentially expressed genes,DEGs)有利于探讨人PBMC在清除RV中的作用。为此,本研究采集2019年2月-2019年6月长春儿童医院中RV感染患者和健康儿童血液,分离PBMC,通过转录组测序(RNA sequencing,RNA-seq)技术比较RV感染患者与健康儿童之间的RNA表达图谱,借助基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)数据库功能富集分析、京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)、Reactome通路富集分析DEGs,使用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR)技术进行验证。结果显示,与健康对照组相比,RV感染轻症患者PBMC中有1619个DEGs;重症患者PBMC中有2816个DEGs,主要与干扰素(Interferon,IFN)反应、中性粒细胞、溶酶体、核小体、染色质等相关。qPCR验证轻症患者干扰素刺激基因(IFN-stimulated genes,ISGs)15表达上调,白介素(Interleukin,IL)1β表达下调;重症患者IL15、ISG15表达上调,IL1β表达下调,与转录组结果相一致。本研究提示,RV感染可能激活人I型和II型IFNs反应抵御病毒感染,但也会抑制溶酶体相关基因,对细胞自噬过程产生影响。     

Cytokine Quantification in the Supernatant of Mononuclear Cell Cultures and in Blood Serum from Patients with Jorge Lobo's Disease

Few studies are available about the participation of the immune response in the control or the development of Jorge Lobo's disease. Thus, the objective of the present study was to quantify macrophage and lymphocyte cytokines in the supernatant of cell cultures and in blood serum from patients with this disease. The study was conducted on 15 patients with the mycosis and on 15 healthy adult individuals (control group). Blood samples were collected in order to obtain serum and mononuclear cells. Monocytes were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of LPS and L. loboi, and lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of PHA and L. loboi. Cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA in the supernatants of monocyte cultures and in serum. Cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 were quantified by FLISA in the supernatants of lymphocyte cultures and in serum. The quantification of the cytokines in the culture supernatant revealed a greater IL-4 and IL-6 production and lower IL-2 levels in patients compared to control. The production of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and INF-gamma was similar in patients and controls. The mononuclear cells from patients with the non-localized form of the disease produced higher INF-gamma levels than those of patients with the localized form. The results suggest that patients with Jorge Lobo's disease show altered cytokine profiles represented by a predominance of the Th2 profile. However, further studies are needed to assess the participation of cytokines in the cell-fungus interaction in situ.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Global Proteome in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with New‐Onset Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common chronic autoimmune skin disease involving the activation of T cells. To explore the proteomic signature of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a quantitative analysis of their global proteome was conducted in samples from Chinese patients with new‐onset psoriasis (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 32) using an integrated quantitative approach with tandem mass tag labeling and LC–MS/MS. Protein annotation, unsupervised hierarchical clustering, functional classification, functional enrichment and cluster, and protein–protein interaction analyses were performed. A total of 5178 proteins were identified, of which 4404 proteins were quantified. The fold‐change cutoff was set at 1.2 (patients vs controls); 335 proteins were upregulated, and 107 proteins were downregulated. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in processes related to the activation of immune cells including the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) pathway, cellular energy metabolism, and proliferation. Three upregulated proteins and two phosphorylated proteins in the NF‐κB pathway were verified or identified by Western blotting. These results confirm that the NF‐κB pathway is critical to psoriasis. In addition, many differentially expressed proteins identified in this study have never before been associated with psoriasis, and further studies on these proteins are necessary.     

氧化性低密度脂蛋白对人单个核细胞Toll样受体表达及炎症介质的影响

目的:探讨氧化性低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)对单个核细胞Toll样受体1～10(TLR1～10)表达的影响及对炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6的调控作用。方法:用逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测健康人单个核细胞中TLR1～10 mRNA的组成型表达;用实时定量-聚合酶链反应检测ox-LDL刺激单个核细胞后,TLR1～10mRNA表达的变化;结合抗体阻断实验,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测培养上清液中TNF-α和IL-6的含量。结果:人单个核细胞有TLR1～10 mRNA的组成型表达,ox-LDL刺激可上调人单个核细胞TLR2、TLR4 mRNA的表达。经ox-LDL刺激后,单个核细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-6上升,受体阻断剂阻断TLR2、TLR4后,可以减少ox-LDL诱导的TNF-α、IL-6分泌。结论:ox-LDL可能是TLRs的内源性配体,ox-LDL可通过TLR信号通路调节单个核细胞炎性细胞因子的生成。     

不同浓度藻酸钙复合软骨细胞体外培养的实验研究

为探寻复合软骨细胞生长的最佳藻酸钙浓度,将传代培养的、细胞终浓度为1×107/mL的软骨细胞复合藻酸钠凝胶,然后滴入浓度分别为100、200、300、400、500mmol/L的氯化钙溶液中,固化15min形成藻酸钙凝珠,于体外培养7d后,行HE染色及Masson’s三色染色,结果显示软骨细胞与固化剂氯化钙浓度为100、200、300mmol/L的藻酸钙凝胶复合良好并能在其中保持活性及分裂能力;而在氯化钙浓度为400mmol/L和500mmol/L的藻酸钙凝胶中,软骨细胞的活性及分裂能力明显下降.因此固化剂氯化钙的浓度可以提高到300mmol/L,该浓度不仅对软骨细胞的生长无影响,而且能适当提高藻酸钙凝胶的机械强度,可以作为一种较理想的软骨组织工程支架材料.     

Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. Polysaccharides such as glycogen, glycoproteins, and glycolipids stain bright magenta making it easy to enumerate positive and negative cells within the tissue. In muscle cells PAS staining is used to determine the glycogen content in different types of muscle cells, while in blood cell samples PAS staining has been explored as a diagnostic tool for a variety of conditions. Blood contains a proportion of white blood cells that belong to the immune system. The notion that cells of the immune system possess glycogen and use it as an energy source has not been widely explored. Here, we describe an adapted version of the PAS staining protocol that can be applied on peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells from human venous blood. Small cells with PAS-positive granules and larger cells with diffuse PAS staining were observed. Treatment of samples with amylase abrogates these patterns confirming the specificity of the stain. An alternate technique based on enzymatic digestion confirmed the presence and amount of glycogen in the samples. This protocol is useful for hematologists or immunologists studying polysaccharide content in blood-derived lymphocytes.     

Lymphocyte Emperipolesis in Human Glial Cells

Astrocytes have been observed to contain intact, viable lymphocytes within their cytoplasm (emperipolesis) in multiple sclerosis plaques and some brain tumors. This study characterizes the adhesive, emperipoletic and phagocytic properties of glial cells in culture. Human fetal and adult astrocytes engaged in adhesion and emperipolesis of lymphocytes. Emperipolesis, and not adhesion, was temperature- and cation-dependent. The CD8 and MHC Class I antigens played a role in emperipolesis. Lymphocytes most often remained viable within the cytoplasm of astrocytes but occasionally underwent lysis or caused disruption of the astrocyte intermediate filaments. The phenomenon of emperipolesis is distinct from phagocytosis, since microglia showed prominent phagocytic properties but did not engage in emperipolesis. Conversely, astrocytes were efficient emperipolites and rarely demonstrated phagocytic properties.     

Lymphocyte Emperipolesis in Human Glial Cells

Astrocytes have been observed to contain intact, viable lymphocytes within their cytoplasm (emperipolesis) in multiple sclerosis plaques and some brain tumors. This study characterizes the adhesive, emperipoletic and phagocytic properties of glial cells in culture. Human fetal and adult astrocytes engaged in adhesion and emperipolesis of lymphocytes. Emperipolesis, and not adhesion, was temperature- and cation-dependent. The CD8 and MHC Class I antigens played a role in emperipolesis. Lymphocytes most often remained viable within the cytoplasm of astrocytes but occasionally underwent lysis or caused disruption of the astrocyte intermediate filaments. The phenomenon of emperipolesis is distinct from phagocytosis, since microglia showed prominent phagocytic properties but did not engage in emperipolesis. Conversely, astrocytes were efficient emperipolites and rarely demonstrated phagocytic properties.     

人滑膜间充质干细胞与人脐带间充质干细胞的生物学性状比较

该文旨在比较人滑膜间充质干细胞(human synovial mesenchymal stem cells,hSMSCs)与人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)的生物学性状.流式细胞仪鉴定hSMSCs和hUC-MSCs.比较两种间...