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1.
Ewout H. Meijer Fren T. Y. Smulders Ann Wolf 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》2009,34(3):221-226
In two experiments, we investigated the role of mere recognition in a P300 based CIT. Mere recognition was isolated by having
participants respond based on an irrelevant dimension of the stimuli. In Experiment 1 stimuli consisted of familiar and unfamiliar
faces, with a dot placed on the left or the right cheeck. Participants responded according to dot location. In the second
experiment, participants were presented with autobiographical information, alternated with irrelevant stimuli, while instructed
to respond based on the case of the stimuli. Results showed that with both familiar faces, and autobiographical information,
mere recognition was sufficient to elicit a P300.
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Ewout H. MeijerEmail: |
2.
Although the traditional “lie detector” test is used frequently in forensic contexts, it has (like most test of deception)
some limitations. The concealed knowledge test (CKT) focuses on participants’ recognition of privileged knowledge rather than
lying per-se and has been studied extensively using a variety of measures. A “guilty” suspect’s interaction with and memory
of crimescene items may vary. Furthermore, memory for crimescene items may diminish over time. The interaction of encoding
quality and test delay on CKT efficiency has been previously implied, but not yet demonstrated. We used a response-time based
CKT to detect concealed knowledge from shallow and deep study procedures after 10-min, 24-h, and 1-week delays. Results show
that more elaborately encoded information afforded higher detection accuracy than poorly encoded items. Although classification
accuracy following deep study was unaffected by delay, detection of poorly elaborated information was initially high, but
compromised after 1 week. Thus, choosing optimal test items requires considering both test delay and initial encoding level. 相似文献
3.
John J. Furedy 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》2009,34(3):149-160
In this interpretative paper, I consider four sets of methodological issues that may be relevant to improving the concealed
information test (CIT) as an instrument of applied differential psychophysiology. The first set has to do with psychophysiological
measurement in the CIT (e.g., specific sensitivity testing in lab vs. field). Secondly, I consider the relationships between
the psychological process of deception and the CIT. Thirdly, I consider the problem of laboratory-to-field generalization
of the CIT, a consideration that includes a discussion of whether the lab/field differences are merely quantitative or actually
qualitative. Finally, I discuss theories concerning the hypothetical mechanisms underlying the CIT, and argue that while the
purely cognitive, Sokolovian, orienting response (OR) account is widely accepted as the sole mechanism, there is evidence
to suggest that not just motivational, but even emotional mechanisms are also relevant.
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John J. FuredyEmail: URL: www.psych.utoronto.ca/~furedy |
4.
Traditional concealed information paradigms rely on the idea that stimuli that are meaningful to a person (critical items)
will draw attentional resources disproportionately, relative to stimuli that are not (irrelevant items), generating detectable
differences on a suitable dependent variable (behavioral, psychophysiological, or neural). Here, we introduce a behavioral
paradigm that could be used to reveal concealed information by exploiting the link between concealed information and attentional
processes more directly. This novel paradigm is based on the attentional blink phenomenon in which detection of a stimulus
reduces detection accuracy rates of subsequent target stimuli within a 200–500 ms time window. We hypothesized that a well-known
face used as a critical item could capture attentional resources automatically, making it harder to detect the occurrence
of a subsequently presented target face. The results confirmed this hypothesis, and showed that concealed knowledge of a famous
face could be detected in 9 out of 12 individuals by looking for a relative dip in target detection accuracy after the presentation
of a critical item. 相似文献
5.
The present study examined whether intention to conceal knowledge affects P300 amplitude and detection accuracy in the concealed
information test. Eighteen university students were told to choose one card from five and to hide it. In the conceal condition,
participants made an effort to leave their chosen card undetected by suppressing their brain response to it. In the transmit
condition, they attempted to inform the experimenter of the chosen card by enhancing brain response to it. In the no secret
condition, participants showed the chosen card to the experimenter beforehand and lost their motivation to conceal it. The
difference in P300 amplitude between the chosen and unchosen cards was significant only in the conceal and transmit conditions.
The results suggest that a larger P300 amplitude for the chosen card was not due to a deception-specific process but rather
to increased significance of the item caused by additional processing. 相似文献