天河公园生态系统服务功能价值的初步研究

应用市场价值法、影子工程法、生产成本法和替代花费法等对天河公园生态系统服务功能价值进行评估。结果表明,天河公园生态系统服务的年总价值为140486.6万元,其中房地产升值价值134956.0万元,休闲游憩价值5000.0万元,生产有机物价值43.5万元,涵养水源与净化水质价值287.5万元,土壤保护价值24.4万元,维持二氧化碳和氧气平衡价值110.4万元,调节小气候价值16.5万元,净化空气价值20.8万元,卫生保健价值27.5万元。     

Heat production, blood flow, O2 uptake and CO2 output in the secretary process of the dog submandibular gland (author's transl)

1. Under normal circulation of the dog submandibular gland, the electrical stimulation induced a massive salivary secretion (about 0.35 ml . min-1.g-1 gland weight) and an increase in the glandular temperature (about 0.2 degrees C). The heat production was calculated of about 60 mW.g-1. 2. Clamping of the glandular artery made both of secretion and heat production to be transient. The early peak of secretion was about 0.12 ml.min-1.g and that of heat production was 7 approximately 10mW,g-1. Then each 1 ml secretion followed about 4.6 J heat production. 3. Under constant blood flow in the glandular circulation, the secretory process was divided clearly into 2 phases of peak and plateau. The glandular temperature increased about 0.12 degrees C with an early temperature drop. In the secretory plateau phase, the secretary rate was about 0.043 ml.min-1.g-1, the heat production was about 5 approximately 7 mW.g-1 and each 1 ml secretion caused about 8.2 J heat production. 4. The rate of oxygen uptake was about 20.9 microl.min-1g-1 at the resting state. The maximum during secretion was about 192 microliter.min-1.g-1. THe half time of the recovery process of O2 uptake tended slightly longer than that of heat production. 5. THe rate of CO2 output was about 21.8 microliter.min-1.g-1 at resting. The maximum during secretion was about 142 microliter.min-1.g-1 R. Q. were about 1 at resting and about 0.74 under secretion.     

北方两种常见蝈螽鸣声与发声器的比较研究

研究了北方常见的优雅蝈螽Gampsocleis gratiosa和暗褐蝈螽Campsocleis sedakovii雄性鸣声特征和发声器结构.优雅蝈螽鸣声规则,脉冲组序列由2种类型的脉冲组组成,第1种类型的脉冲组持续时间约0.09 s,脉冲持续和间隔时问约0.01 5;第2类型的脉冲组持续时间约0,04 s,脉冲持续和间隔时间均约0.003 s;鸣声的主能峰频率约7 kHz.暗褐蝈螽雄性鸣声包含短促的开翅鸣声和由2种类型的脉冲组组成的脉冲组序列构成的闭翅鸣声,第1种脉冲组持续时间约0.012 s,间隔时间约0.002 s;第2种脉冲组持续时间约0.013 s,间隔时间极短;鸣声主能峰频率约9.1kHz.2种蝈螽镜膜的形状、发声锉的形状和长度、发声齿的形状具显著差异.     

白云山森林生态系统间接经济价值评估

使用市场价值法,影子工程法,机会成本法和替代法等对白云山1800hm²森林生态系统的功能价值进行经济评估,评估结果表明,白云山总的生态价值为14 580.17万元,其中活立木生产量的价值1423.58万元,涵养水源价值和保护土壤价值为460.66万元,固定二氧化碳和放出氧气的价值为3623.54万元,动物栖息地和生物多样性保护价值为632.47万元,林分持留N、P、K养分价值133.52万元,卫生保健价值为1737万元,农业粮食产量增加价值为2 338.54万元,降解SO₂和防治病虫害17.33万元,旅游价值4 213.53万元。     

中国红树林生态系统生态价值评估

使用市场价值法 ,影子工程法 ,机会成本法和替代花费法等对中国现存自然分布的136 4 6hm2 的红树林生态系统的功能价值进行经济评估 ,评估结果表明 ,中国红树林总的年生态功能价值为 2 36 531万元 ,其中生物量价值 816 3万元 ,抗风消浪护岸价值 992 0 6万元 ,保护土壤价值 1156 92万元 ,固碳以减弱温室效应和释放O2 的价值 6 70 6万元 ,生物多样性保护即动物栖地价值 5470万元 ,林分养分积累价值 10 12万元 ,污染物生物降解和病虫害 2 82万元。     

典型草原区布氏田鼠秋季掘土危害量的估算

在内蒙古典型草原区测定秋季布氏田鼠的掘土危害量。结果表明 ,平均每只布氏田鼠的秋季掘土量为 10L左右 :其中挖掘仓库的抛土量为 8 0L·只 -1,占总体的 78% ,平均挖掘深度为 33 7cm ;窝巢抛土量为 0 6 8L·只 -1,占总体的 7% ,平均挖掘深度为 4 3 1cm ;洞道系统抛土量为 1 5L·只 -1,占总量的 15 %。     

Galanin coexists with pituitary hormones in the fetal rat

Immunocytochemical analysis of endocrine cells of the developing rat pituitary has shown clearly that, starting from E16, the galanin-immunoreactive cells are heterogeneous, the neuropeptide being present in cells containing the majority of pituitary hormones. A proportion of galanin-containing corticotropes, starting from about 17% at E16 reached about 29% at E21, while the galanin-containing lactotrope increase in the same period was from about 13% to 34%. Galanin-containing thyrotropes ranged from about 11% at E16 to about 13% at E21, while the proportion of galanin-containing luteotropes increased consistently from about 17% at E19 to about 27% at E21. Only the trend of galanin-containing somatotropes was inverted, falling from about 26% to 13%. We conclude that the multiple coexistence of galanin with most of the pituitary hormones during fetal development is a further example of plasticity of endocrine pituitary cells, and that galanin may have a role in cytodifferentiation.     

森林生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评估初探：以海南岛尖？…

以尖峰岭地区为研究区域,探讨了森林生态系统服务功能的内涵,并使用市场价值,影子工程、机会成本和替代花费等方法评价了海南岛尖峰岭地区热带森林生态系统服务功能的生态经济价值,结果表明,在尖峰岭地区,面积为４４６６７．００ｈｍ＾２的热带森林生态系统服务功能价平均每年６６３８．４９万元,其中林产品价值为７１６４．１１万元,涵养水源价值为３９４２９．２１万元,保持土壤减少侵蚀价值为２４７．２６万元,固定ＣＯ     

AIDS and evidence: interrogating [corrected] some Ugandan myths

Uganda is invoked as a metaphor for a host of arguments and insights about HIV/AIDS. However, much of what has been asserted about the country is not based on the available evidence. This paper reviews findings by epidemiologists and anthropologists, and draws on the author's experiences of researching in the country since the early 1980s. It comments on various myths about HIV/AIDS in Uganda, including myths about the origin and dissemination of the disease, about the links between HIV/AIDS and war, and about declining rates of infection. It shows that much less is known about Uganda than is commonly supposed, and it offers some alternative hypotheses for interpreting HIV prevalence and incidence data. In particular it draws attention to the importance of mechanisms for social compliance. It concludes by raising concerns about the current enthusiasm for provision of anti-retroviral drugs.     

森林生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评估初探——以海南岛尖峰岭热带森林为例

以尖峰岭地区为研究区域,探讨了森林生态系统服务功能的内涵,并使用市场价值、影子工程、机会成本和替代花费等方法评价了海南岛尖峰岭地区热带森林生态系统服务功能的生态经济价值.结果表明,在尖峰岭地区,面积为44667.00hm²的热带森林生态系统服务功能价值平均每年66438.49万元,其中林产品价值为7164.11万元,涵养水源价值为39429.21万元,保持土壤减少侵蚀价值为247.26万元,固定CO₂减轻温室效应的价值为1316.24万元,营养物循环价值为428.55万元,净化空气的价值为17853.12万元.     

The genetics of urinary tract malformations

In this discussion I have excluded consideration of the genetics of purely renal malformations, such as polycystic kidneys, and of functional disorders of the kidney. Systematic family studies are available for renal agenesis, duplication of the ureters, vesico-ureteric reflux (each probably due to maldevelopment of the ureteric bud), bladder exstrophy and hypospadias as isolated malformations. Renal agenesis has a birth frequency of about 1.2 in 10 000 and the proportion affected of sibs is about 3 per cent. Duplication of the ureter has a birth frequency of about 1 per cent and the proportion affected of sibs and parents of probands is about 12 per cent. Vesico-ureteral reflux also has a prevalence in early childhood of about 1 per cent and the proportion of sibs affected is about 10 per cent. Bladder exstrophy has a birth frequency of about 1 in 20 000 and perhaps about 1 per cent of sibs are affected. Hypospadias has a birth frequency in boys of about 1 in 300 and the proportion affected of brothers is about 10 per cent. Further family studies are needed of these malformations when they occur in isolation. Either the multifactorial threshold model or dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance and varied expressivity would fit the data available.     

Short telomeres: cause or consequence of aging?

Questions about mechanisms, about the direction of causality, and about cellular heterogeneity complicate interpretation of claims associating short telomeres with adverse health outcomes.     

森林生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评估初探——以海南岛尖峰岭热带森林为例

以尖峰岭地区为研究区域,探讨了森林生态系统服务功能的内涵,并使用市场价值、影子工程、机会成本和替代花费等方法评价了海南岛尖峰岭地区热带森林生态系统服务功能的生态经济价值.结果表明,在尖峰岭地区,面积为44667.00hm²的热带森林生态系统服务功能价值平均每年66438.49万元,其中林产品价值为7164.11万元,涵养水源价值为39429.21万元,保持土壤减少侵蚀价值为247.26万元,固定CO₂减轻温室效应的价值为1316.24万元,营养物循环价值为428.55万元,净化空气的价值为17853.12万元.     

复合水解酶黑曲霉HD—1固体发酵工艺研究

黑曲霉HD-1是一株分泌高单位酸性蛋白酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶、糖化酶等多种水解酶的生产菌,本研究采用单因素搜索和正交试验对其固体发酵工艺进行优化,并采用中心组合设计进行扩大生产试验,结果表明酶活可达:酸性蛋白酶1.1万U左右,果胶酶9千u以上,纤维素C_X酶1.1万U左右,纤维素C_L酶4千U以上,糖化酶7千U左右。同时说明数理统计方法设计实验,工作量小,优化结果准确。     

Microvilli on sea urchin eggs: a second burst of elongation

A scanning EM study reveals about 300,000 microvilli on each egg of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. The microvilli are about 0.2 μm long before fertilization, elongate to about 0.5 μm soon after fertilization (the “first burst” of microvillus elongation), and subsequently elongate again about midway between fertilization and first cell division (the “second burst” of elongation). The second burst occurs during a discrete 30-min period and results in some microvilli being as long as 10 μm, although the average length is about 1.8 μm. The surface area of the egg following the second burst is about 2.7 times the area of the unfertilized egg.     

Three new species of the genus Leucon Kröyer, 1846 (Crustacea: Cumacea) from the continental slope off Surinam

Three new, and apparently closely related, species of cumacean are described from the continental slope off Surinam: Leucon turgidulus sp.nov. from about 500 m depth, L. medius sp.nov. from about 1000m and about 1500m, and L.jonesi sp.nov from about 1500m and about 2000m. The species have not been found in extensive collections from other parts of the deep Atlantic. Leucon pallidus G.O. Sars, 1865 is the most closely comparable of the previously known members of the genus.     

Reading books about dream interpretation: Gender differences.

The vast variety of books on dreamwork and dream interpretation suggests that a considerable percentage of the general population is interested in reading these books. Empirical research in this area is relatively scarce. The present representative survey (N = 2,019) indicated that about 8% of the general population have read about dream interpretation in order to learn more about their dreams, with women reading about dream interpretation more often than men. This gender difference was not explained by differences in dream recall frequency. In addition, single people as well as people with high nightmare frequencies read about dreams more often. Future research should focus on the possible benefits of reading about dream interpretation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anthropology: The Empire on which the Sun Never Sets

Questions and debates about the end of anthropology are highlighted here for their potential value in revealing what the ‘crisis talk’ in the discipline really means, and what it may be masking. In this article the reader is invited to reflect on several questions: about anthropology as a discipline or as a praxis; about how anthropology can be not just revitalised, but revolutionised; about the place of ethnography in anthropology; and about the quest for distinction and the accumulation of disciplinary capital. More broadly, this article deals with the restructuring of anthropology within a context of continued imperialism.     

Health and cancer prevention: knowledge and beliefs of children and young people.

OBJECTIVE--To collect information from children and young people about their knowledge of and attitudes towards cancer and their understanding of health and health related behaviours to inform future health promotion work. DESIGN--Questionnaire survey of 15-16 year olds, and interviews with play materials with 9-10 year old children. SETTING--Six inner city, suburban, and rural schools. SUBJECTS--226 children aged 15-16 years and 100 aged 9-10 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Knowledge about different types of cancer; beliefs about health; sources of information; quality of research data obtainable from young children about cancer and health. RESULTS--Both samples knew most about lung cancer, but there was also some knowledge of breast and skin cancer and leukaemia. Smoking, together with pollution and other environmental factors, were seen as the dominant causes of cancer. Environmental factors were mentioned more often by the inner city samples. Television and the media were the most important sources of information. Young people were more worried about unemployment than about ill health. More than half the young people did not describe their health as good, and most said they did not have a healthy lifestyle. Children were able to provide detailed information about their knowledge and understanding by using drawings as well as interviews. CONCLUSIONS--Children and young people possess considerable knowledge about cancer, especially about lung cancer and smoking, and show considerable awareness of predominant health education messages. Despite this knowledge, many lead less than healthy lifestyles. Health is not seen as the most important goal in life by many young people; the circumstances in which many children and young people live are not experienced as health promoting.     

What is 'public opinion' about genetics?

Every biotechnology success story increases the number of decisions that the lay public must make about genetics. But vibrant public discussion about these far-reaching changes has been rare, and research on the public's understanding of genetics has barely scratched the surface. This article reviews what we know about the public's attitudes towards genetics, proposes some concepts for thinking about public involvement and indicates some future lines of research.