小麦-簇毛麦种质系‘山农030713＇的细胞学和SSR鉴定

利用形态学、细胞学以及SSR标记技术对从硬簇麦和Am3的杂种后代中选育的种质系‘山农030713＇进行了鉴定,结果表明：种质系‘山农030713＇大田生长整齐一致,农艺性状较好,且对白粉病免疫;其根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ（PMC M Ⅰ）染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ;它与普通小麦的杂种F1PMC MⅠ多数细胞中形成21个二价体,且常有四价体出现,可能伴有染色体的结构变异;SSR分析证明‘山农030713＇基本染色体组成为AABBDD,引物Xgwm99-1A在‘山农030713＇中扩增出簇毛麦的特异带,表明‘山农030713＇中有来自于簇毛麦的遗传物质,此特异带可作为识别‘山农030713＇的SSR标记.综合形态学、细胞学和SSR分析结果推测,‘山农030713＇可能是一个小麦-簇毛麦易位系.     

一个小麦-中间偃麦草异代换系的形态学和细胞学鉴定

中间偃麦草含有丰富的优良基因,在小麦的遗传改良中具有重要利用价值。对从中间偃麦草与小麦品种烟农15杂种后代(BC2F4)中选育的小麦种质系山农0095进行形态学和细胞学鉴定,结果表明：山农0095株高78cm,穗长17．3cm,旗叶长36．3cm,旗叶宽3．03cm,茎杆粗壮,繁茂性好,既长又宽的旗叶、长圆锥型穗是其显著的形态学特征;其根尖细胞染色体数日为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMC M Ⅰ)染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ;它与普通小麦的杂种FⅠPMC M Ⅰ绝大多数细胞出现2个单价体,没有观察到多价体,平均染色体构型为2n=20．08Ⅱ 1．84Ⅰ。以上结果表明,山农0095是一个小麦-中间偃麦草的双体异代换系。     

抗白粉病耐盐小麦-中间偃麦草附加系‘山农120211’的鉴定

以中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium,2n=42)与普通小麦‘烟农15’杂交,从其杂种后代中选育出一个细胞学稳定的二体异附加系‘山农120211’,该研究对其细胞学和主要性状特点进行了鉴定。白粉病抗性鉴定结果表明,‘山农120211’成株期对白粉病的田间抗性为免疫,苗期对白粉病菌种E09表现为免疫。以耐盐品种‘山融3号’为对照进行苗期耐盐性鉴定表明,‘山农120211’耐盐级别为2级(较强)。细胞学鉴定表明:‘山农120211’根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=44,PMC MI染色体构型为2n=22Ⅱ,具有高度的细胞学稳定性。以拟鹅观草基因组DNA为探针,‘烟农15’DNA为封阻,在‘山农120211’的根尖有丝分裂细胞中检测到2条染色体具有明显的杂交信号,确定其为二体异附加系。利用该实验室筛选的71对E组染色体特异分子标记,对‘山农120211’分析显示,标记BE494262在中间偃麦草和‘山农120211’中可以稳定扩增出1条440bp特异带,而‘烟农15’中缺少此带,BE494262可作为‘山农120211’中附加中间偃麦草染色体的特异标记。利用二倍体长穗偃麦草和一套中国春-长穗偃麦草异附加系(1Ee~7Ee),进一步将BE494262定位在2Ee染色体,确定‘山农120211’所附加的中间偃麦草染色体为2Ee染色体。     

抗条锈病小偃麦双体异附加系山农87074-519的鉴定

综合利用抗性接种鉴定、细胞学分析、SSR分子标记和基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术相结合的方法,对从长穗偃麦草与小麦复合杂交后代中选育的抗条锈病种质系山农87074-519进行了鉴定。结果表明,山农87074-519的根尖细胞染色体数目2n=44,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMCMI)绝大多数细胞内可观察到22个二价体,平均染色体构型2n=44=21.82Ⅱ 0.36Ⅰ,它与普通小麦中国春杂种F1的多数花粉母细胞内染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ 1Ⅰ,因此它是1个附加了1对长穗偃麦草染色体的双体异附加系;以假鹅冠草St基因组总DNA作探针进行原位杂交发现山农87074-519的44条染色体中有2条出现黄绿色杂交信号,且杂交信号遍布整条染色体,证明其附加的长穗偃麦草染色体为St基组;利用SSR分子标记技术,在170对SSR引物中筛选出特异引物BARC165,它能稳定地在山农87074-519中扩增出长穗偃麦草特异标记BARC165268;将长穗偃麦草中BARC165的特异扩增片段克隆测序后制备成探针进行原位杂交,可在山农87074-519的间期染色体和有丝分裂中期染色体检测到杂交信号。山农87074-519综合农艺性状较好,对条锈病免疫,其抗性基因为显性,且位于附加的长穗偃麦草St基组染色体上,暂将其表示为YrSt。该种质系在小麦的遗传改良中具有重要利用价值。     

兼抗白粉和条锈病小滨麦种质系山农6343的细胞学和SSR鉴定

利用抗性接种鉴定、细胞学和SSR分子标记技术相结合的方法,对从八倍体小滨麦和普通小麦烟农15杂种后代选育出的兼抗白粉病和条锈病的小滨麦种质系山农6343进行了鉴定.结果表明,山农6343的根尖细胞染色体数目2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMC MI)绝大多数细胞内可观察到21个二价体,平均染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ,与普通小麦烟农15杂种F1的花粉母细胞内观察到2n=19Ⅱ+1Ⅳ的染色体构型,四价体出现频率为24.1%.利用SSR分子标记技术,在1283对SSR和EST-SSR引物中筛选出两对特异引物BARC236-4A和KSUM134,均能稳定地在山农6343中扩增出滨麦草的特异标记BARC236255和KSUM134245,且两个标记在小滨麦易位系山农0096中得到了验证.初步确定山农6343是一个小滨麦易位系.由于在目前已命名的小麦白粉病和条锈病抗性基因中尚未有来自滨麦草的,推测山农6343可能为新的白粉病和条锈病抗源,对小麦白粉病和条锈病的抗性遗传改良将具有重要的利用价值.     

簇毛麦及其与普通小麦杂种双二倍体的C一分带分析

本研究对簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa),普通小麦“农大146" (Tritieum aestivum）及其产生的双 二倍体进行了C一分带分析,结果表明：(1) 7对簇毛麦染色体均可显示清晰的带型、根据带型可以把各 簇毛麦染色体与小麦染色体相互区别开来; (2)普通小麦一簇毛麦双二倍体的染色体数变幅在”-56 之间,其中2n - 5‘的个体占,7.680%     

小麦-大麦矮秆易位系T2DL·2HS的鉴定

利用形态学、细胞学及分子标记技术对从普通小麦和农家二棱大麦的杂交后代中选育的矮秆种质系WB7-3进行了鉴定。结果表明:WB7-3田间农艺性状较好,且表现为矮秆;根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMC MⅠ)染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ,基因组原位杂交(GISH)未出现杂交信号;位于大麦2H染色体短臂上的特异STS引物ABC454能在WB7-3中扩增出大麦特征条带,表明WB7-3含有大麦2HS的染色体片段;利用210对位于小麦各条染色体上的SSR引物对其进行扩增结果显示,2DS上4对引物(Xgdm35、Xgdm5、Xgwm261和Xgwm455)在WB7-3中有条带缺失,由此确定该小大麦矮秆材料WB7-3是一个2DL/2HS小片段易位系。     

抗白粉病小偃麦异代换系的细胞学和RAPD鉴定

利用细胞学和RAPD方法,对从长穗偃麦草与普通小麦复合杂交后代中选育的抗白粉病小麦种质系山农87074－526和山农87074－551进行了鉴定。结果表明,两种质系的根尖细胞染色体数目均为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I（PMC MI）染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ;二者杂交F1 PMC MI染色体构型亦为2n=21Ⅱ,两种质系分别与小麦中国春的杂种F1 PMC MI染色体构型均为2n=20Ⅱ 2I,说明两种质系为相同的双体异代系。在苗期和成株期两种质系对白粉病15号菌种均表现免疫,其白粉病抗性为显性,并且来自长穗偃麦草,抗白粉病基因位于它们所含的偃麦草染色体上。从80个随机引物中,筛选出2个引物OPE13和OPH15能在两种质系中稳定地扩增出长穗偃麦草亲本的特异DNA片段。     

抗白粉病小麦-中间偃麦草种质的选育和SSR鉴定

在从抗白粉痛小麦砷间偃麦草异附加系Ⅱ-1—1与含杀3C配子染色体的农林26杂交井自交的后代中,通过人工接种鉴定,选出4个抗白粉病种质03012、04060、04112、04146。细胞学鉴定表明,4个种质的染色体数目均为2n=42条。花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ多形成二价体。03012／烟农15杂种F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ细胞中平均形成2个单价体,可能为异代换系。04060／烟农15、04112／烟农15和04146／烟农15的F1中均出现一定数量的单价体和多价体,可能为易位系。利用SSR标记鉴定表明,引物WMC327是含中间偃麦草抗白粉病基因所在染色体的特异标记;03012可能是一个2D染色体的异代换系。     

小偃麦异代换系山农0095辐照花粉后代的细胞学及SSR标记分析

本研究采用^60Co-γ射线辐照小偃麦异代换系山农0095花粉,对其M1、M2代的细胞遗传学特点进行分析,结果表明：M1、M2代均出现频率不同和染色体数目不等（2n=41、2n=40和2n：39）的染色体数目变异类型;在两个世代的花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中．普遍观察到单价体、多价体、染色体片段、落后染色体、染色体桥及微核等现象,说明辐射有效地促进了染色体数目和结构的改变,有可能导致染色体易位重组。利用已建立的山农0095中中间偃麦草染色体的特异SSR标记BARC159240对M2代进行检测,结果发现大部分M2单株仍含有该标记位点,说明这些植株仍然具有标记位点的中间偃麦草染色体特异区段：少部分单株虽然保留了该位点．但缺少普通小麦中的条带．这些单株可能发生了染色体重组。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.