小麦蛋白质和淀粉含量与籽粒发育过程中内源激素含量的关系

研究粒重差异较小、蛋白质和淀粉含量差异大的小麦品种‘川麦107’和‘川麦36’籽粒发育过程中激素含量变化与籽粒蛋白质和淀粉积累之间关系的结果表明,‘川麦36’蛋白质含量一直高于‘川麦107’的,而其淀粉含量一直低于‘川麦107’;‘川麦36’籽粒中ZR初始含量和IAA峰值高些,开花后5~20d籽粒中ZR含量与蛋白质含量呈显著正相关,IAA峰值与此期的蛋白质积累速率跃变相对应。两品种籽粒中GA峰值与蛋白质含量的低谷相对应,开花后5~30d的籽粒中GA含量与淀粉含量呈极显著正相关,而‘川麦107’籽粒中GA含量较高。     

棉花纤维发育过程中内源激素含量和纤维品质变化及其关系研究

以新疆棉区优质棉品种‘新陆早16号’、品质中等品种‘新陆早10号’和‘新陆早13号’以及品质较差品种‘02-DB’为材料,测定了棉纤维发育过程中内源生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA4)、玉米素(ZR)和脱落酸(ABA)含量和主要纤维品质指标的变化,分析内源激素含量变化与纤维品质形成的关系。结果表明:不同品种棉花纤维发育中纤维内源激素变化趋势基本相似,其差异主要表现在IAA、GA4、ZR和ABA的含量大小及峰值出现的时间方面。‘新陆早16号’在纤维发育前期有较高IAA、GA4、ZR含量和较低的ABA含量,表现出纤维伸长速率较高、快速伸长时期较长等特征;而且在次生壁加厚期ZR峰值出现较早,有利于棉纤维成熟,从而表现出较优的纤维品质。‘02-DB’在纤维发育前期由于ABA含量较高影响了纤维伸长速率和快速伸长期的时间,同时后期ZR峰值出现晚,使纤维发育受到影响,而最终品质较差。可见,在棉花纤维伸长期IAA、GA4、ZR含量高而ABA含量低、次生壁加厚期ZR峰值出现早则有利于优质棉纤维形成。     

重穗型杂交水稻籽粒灌浆过程中强势和强势颖花内源IAA、ABA和GA水平的动态状况

研究了重穗型杂交水稻培矮 6 4s/E3 2的灌浆过程和强、弱势颖花中内源IAA、ABA和GA1 GA3水平的动态状况。籽粒发育过程中不同内源激素水平高低依次为 :IAA >GA1 GA3>ABA。IAA和ABA水平在强势颖花中较高而GA1 GA3水平在弱势颖花中较高。 3种激素水平的变化与谷粒增重速率之间均存在正相关 ,两个最高的相关系数值分别存在于单位鲜重样本的IAA含量(ng/gFW ) 与籽粒鲜重的增重速率之间 (r =0 .82 1 8 )和单个籽粒IAA含量 (ng/grain)与籽粒干重的增重速率之间 (r =0 .8485 )。推测启动和维持籽粒灌浆过程可能需要较高的IAA水平 ;ABA可能具有促进籽粒中同化物的累积和种子成熟的作用 ;GA1 GA3可能具有保持弱势颖花活性的特殊作用     

重穗型杂交水稻籽粒灌浆过程中强势和弱势颖花内源IAA、ABA和GA水平的动态状况

研究了重穗型杂交水稻培矮 6 4s/E3 2的灌浆过程和强、弱势颖花中内源IAA、ABA和GA1 GA3水平的动态状况。籽粒发育过程中不同内源激素水平高低依次为 :IAA >GA1 GA3>ABA。IAA和ABA水平在强势颖花中较高而GA1 GA3水平在弱势颖花中较高。 3种激素水平的变化与谷粒增重速率之间均存在正相关 ,两个最高的相关系数值分别存在于单位鲜重样本的IAA含量(ng/gFW ) 与籽粒鲜重的增重速率之间 (r =0 .82 1 8 )和单个籽粒IAA含量 (ng/grain)与籽粒干重的增重速率之间 (r =0 .8485 )。推测启动和维持籽粒灌浆过程可能需要较高的IAA水平 ;ABA可能具有促进籽粒中同化物的累积和种子成熟的作用 ;GA1 GA3可能具有保持弱势颖花活性的特殊作用     

噻苯隆-乙烯利复配对春玉米籽粒灌浆特性的影响及其激素调控机理

以"先玉335"和"鑫鑫2号"为试验材料,于花后25 d喷施噻苯隆和噻苯隆-乙烯利复配剂,清水为对照,探究噻苯隆-乙烯利复配对玉米籽粒灌浆后期灌浆特性的影响及其激素调控机理。结果表明:噻苯隆-乙烯利复配可以缩短籽粒灌浆快增期和缓增期的灌浆持续时间,提高灌浆平均速率和籽粒重量,显著增加春玉米灌浆后期籽粒中生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA)含量,降低脱落酸(ABA)和细胞分裂素(CTK)含量;同时显著提高灌浆期籽粒IAA与ABA、GA与ABA比例,降低CTK与IAA、CTK与GA比例,对CTK与ABA、GA与IAA比例影响较小。相关分析表明,噻苯隆-乙烯利复配处理后,春玉米籽粒中ABA和CTK含量与灌浆快增期速率呈显著负相关。本研究表明,噻苯隆-乙烯利复配主要通过影响籽粒中IAA、ABA、CTK和GA含量及其比例,从而调控春玉米籽粒灌浆进程,最终实现春玉米产量提高,熟期提前的功效。研究为噻苯隆-乙烯利复配应用到玉米生产上提供理论及试验依据。     

芝麻灌浆特性与灌浆期籽粒中内源激素含量变化研究

在大田栽培条件下,对芝麻品种‘郑芝98N09’的灌浆特性及灌浆期籽粒中内源激素含量变化进行了研究,为芝麻高产优质高效栽培及品质育种提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)第9～17节位芝麻籽粒干物质率最高;下部(8节以下)蒴果在灌浆24d时的蒴果鲜重达最大值(1.596g/蒴),27d时籽粒鲜重达最大值(0.318g/蒴),灌浆最快的时期为灌浆15～33d,干物质积累量达籽粒干重的61.75%;中部(9～20节)蒴果在灌浆27d时的蒴果鲜重达最大值(1.622g/蒴),籽粒鲜重也同期达最大值(0.379g/蒴),灌浆最快的时期为灌浆21～36d,干物质积累量达籽粒干重的74.21%;上部(20节以上)蒴果籽粒干物质积累最快的时期为灌浆9～12d和24～27d两个阶段。(2)中部蒴果GA3含量大于下部和上部蒴果,而ABA和IAA的含量则小于下部和上部蒴果;除GA3/ZR比值外,中部蒴果的ABA/GA3、ABA/ZR、GA3/IAA和ZR/IAA比值都小于下部和上部蒴果。(3)较高的ZR含量和较低的ABA/ZR、ABA/GA3、IAA/GA3和IAA/ZR比值利于胚乳细胞分裂、蒴果发育、籽粒库容建成及籽粒干物质充实。(4)单一激素含量与不同部位蒴果单蒴粒重均达显著或极显著负相关关系,内源激素相互间的关系对下部蒴果粒重增加影响较小,适当提高IAA/ZR、ABA/GA3、IAA/GA3比值,能显著提高中部和上部蒴果的单蒴籽粒干重。     

GA3对杂交稻“粒间顶端优势”及灌浆期间籽粒内源IAA的影响

以杂交稻协优 413为材料 ,研究了外源GA3 对籽粒内源IAA影响。观察到开花后其优势粒比劣势粒灌浆启动早 ,优势粒灌浆势下降后 ,劣势粒开始灌浆 ,且优势粒灌浆势峰值比劣势粒高 ,这种优劣势粒的灌浆异步现象是一种“粒间顶端优势” ,即劣势粒的灌浆启动迟 ,与优势粒对劣势粒的抑制有关。籽粒灌浆期间优势粒内源IAA含量增加早于劣势粒 ,优势粒内源IAA峰值也高于劣势粒 ;优劣势粒灌浆势变化趋势与优劣势粒内源IAA含量水平的变化趋势相似 ,“粒间顶端优势”似为内源IAA所调节。于初穗时喷施外源GA3,“放大”了单穗中优劣势粒灌浆异步效应 ,优势粒灌浆势更强 ,劣势粒更弱 ,即外源GA3 加强“粒间顶端优势”现象。在试验中还看到初穗期喷施 10～ 40mg/L浓度的GA3 溶液 ,随浓度提高 ,优势粒内源IAA含量增加 ,劣势粒IAA含量更低 ,这种变化似与施用GA3、使优势粒对IAA吸收更多有关     

烟草株高变异体的茎尖中内源激素含量变化及其对外源激素的响应

烟草矮秆基因型“农大202’的茎生长过程中茎尖中内源赤霉素（GA3）、生长素（IAA）含量始终低于中、高秆基因型,其内源脱落酸（ABA）和玉米素（ZR）含量则相对较高。喷施外源激素GA,和IAA的结果表明,GA,可调节矮秆基因型茎尖中各内源激素的含量,与正常株高基因型‘K326’的各激素含量相接近,从而促进茎生长,而IAA的作用较小。     

无花果花芽分化与内源激素含量的关系

在‘布兰瑞克’无花果花芽分化形态学研究的基础上,对花芽分化期无花果新梢第7或第8节位花芽中的玉米素核苷(ZRs)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA1 3)、生长素(IAA)4种内源激素含量的变化进行了探讨。结果表明,在无花果花芽分化阶段,GA1 3和IAA初期含量较高,后快速下降,后期稳定在较低水平;ZRs和ABA在初期含量较低,后大幅提高,后期稳定在较高水平。可见,较高水平的内源ZRs、ABA和较低水平的内源GA1 3、IAA,以及较高的ABA/IAA、ABA/GA1 3、ZRs/GA1 3和ZRs/IAA比值有利于无花果花芽分化。     

两种基因型玉米苞叶的衰老生理特性

对大田条件下‘郑单958’（Zea mays‘Zhengdan 958’）和‘农大364’（Z.mays‘Nongda 364’）2种基因型玉米苞叶衰老过程中的生理特性进行了研究。结果表明,玉米苞叶衰老过程中,叶绿素和可溶性糖含量均呈先升后降的变化趋势,并在灌浆期达到最高值,且‘郑单958’的叶绿素降解速率高于‘农大364’;‘农大364’苞叶的可溶性糖含量在不同生育期均高于‘郑单958’。细胞膜透性和MDA含量均逐渐升高,并在蜡熟期达到最高值,其中‘农大364’细胞膜受损害程度和过氧化程度均低于‘郑单958’。苞叶中可溶性蛋白质含量呈递减趋势,在灌浆期至蜡熟期的降幅最明显,且‘郑单958’苞叶的可溶性蛋白质含量降幅低于‘农大364’苞叶。     

Correlations of calcium accumulations in arteries, veins, cartilages, ligaments, and bones in single humans

To show the relationships of calcium accumulation in the thoracic aorta to the other tissues, calcium contents were determined with a microwave-induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometer on arteries, veins, cartilages, ligaments, and bones. These tissues were resected from 18 individuals, consisting of 11 men and 7 women who died in the age range 59–91 yr. As thoracic and abdominal aortas are routinely used for radiographic examination of arterial calcification, they appear to be standard tissues of the calcium accumulation. The calcium accumulations were determined in the femoral artery, the superior and inferior venae cavae, the internal jugular vein, cartilages of the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint and the intervertebral disk, both the ligaments of the anterior cruciate ligament and the ligamentum capitis femoris, and the calcaneus, in contrast with the thoracic aorta. As calcium increased in the thoracic aorta, it increased in the femoral artery, the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint, the intervertebral disk, both ligaments of the anterior cruciate ligament, and the ligamentum capitis femoris, but it did not increase in veins, such as the superior and inferior venae cavae and the internal jugular vein. In contrast, it decreased in the calcaneus.     

Seroepidemiology of human parechovirus types 1, 3, and 6 in Yamagata,Japan, in 2014

To clarify the seroepidemiology of human parechovirus type 1 (HPeV1), 3 and 6, neutralizing antibodies (NT Abs) were measured in 214 serum specimens collected in 2014 in Yamagata, Japan. The seroprevalence against HPeV1 was 100% in all age groups, while that against HPeV3 and HPeV6 was 79.4% and 66.8%, respectively, overall. The geometric mean titers of NT Abs against HPeV1, 3 and 6 were 755.2, 255.0 and 55.9, respectively, overall. Our findings indicate that HPeV1 is the most prevalent HPeV circulating in Yamagata, followed by HPeV3 and HPeV6.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Syntheses of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine diones,their urease inhibition,in vitro,in silico,and kinetic studies

A library of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine diones (1–35) were synthesized and evaluated for their urease inhibitory activity. Structure-activity relationships, and mechanism of inhibition were also studied. All compounds were found to be active with IC₅₀ values between 22.6 ± 1.14–117.4 ± 0.73 µM, in comparison to standard, thiourea (IC₅₀ = 21.2 ± 1.3 µM). Kinetics studies on the most active compounds 2–7, 16, 17, 28, and 33 were performed to investigate their modes of inhibition, and dissociation constants K_i. Compounds 2, 3, 7, 16, 28, and 33 were found to be mixed-type of inhibitors with K_i values in the range of 7.91 ± 0.024–13.03 ± 0.013 µM, whereas, compounds 4–6, and 17 were found to be non-competitive inhibitors with K_i values in the range of 9.28 ± 0.019–13.05 ± 0.023 µM. In silico study was also performed, and a good correlation was observed between experimental and docking studies. This study is continuation of our previously reported urease inhibitory activity of pyrimidine diones, representing potential leads for further research as possible treatment of diseases caused by ureolytic bacteria.     

Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Ganghwa-gun,Cheorwon-gun,and Goseong-gun,Korea

We find out the clusters with high toxoplasmosis risk to discuss the geographical pattern in Gyodong-myeon and Samsan-myeon of Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea. Seroepidemiological data of toxoplasmosis surveyed using rapid diagnostic tests for the residents in the areas in 2019 were analyzed to detect clusters of the infection. The cluster was investigated using the SaTScan program which is based on Kulldorff’s scan statistic. The clusters were found with P-values in each region analyzed in the program, and the risk and patient incidence of specific areas can be examined by the values such as relative risk and log likelihood ratio. Jiseok-ri and Insa-ri were found to be a cluster in Gyodong-myeon and Seokmo-ri was the cluster in Samsan-myeon. Yangji-ri and Igil-ri were found to be a cluster in Cheorwon-gun and Madal-ri and Baebong-ri were the cluster in Goseong-gun. This findings can be used to monitor and prevent toxoplasmosis infections occurring in vulnerable areas.     

Changes in iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, and zinc levels in different tissues of riboflavin-deficient rats

To clarify the changes of mineral levels in different tissues of riboflavin-deficient rats, Wistar rats were separated into three groups. One group was fed a diet ad libitum that was deficient in riboflavin. The other two were fed either the complete diet that was weight-matched to the riboflavin-deficient group or fed a complete diet ad libitum. In riboflavin-deficient rats, the hemoglobin concentration and riboflavin contents of blood, liver, and kidney were significantly decreased, compared with weight-matched and ad libitum-fed controls. The mineral concentrations of tissues are summarized as follows: The iron (Fe) concentration in the heart, liver, and spleen was decreased in the riboflavin-deficient group compared with the other groups. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in tibia were decreased in the riboflavin-deficient group compared with the other two groups. Copper (Cu) concentration was increased in the heart and liver when the riboflavin-deficient group was compared with the other groups. Zinc (Zn) concentration was increased in tibia when the riboflavin-deficient group was compared with the other groups.     

Frequency of Discrimination,Harassment, and Violence in Lesbian,Gay Men,and Bisexual in Italy

Background

This cross-sectional study assessed the frequency of discrimination, harassment, and violence and the associated factors among a random sample of 1000 lesbian, gay men, and bisexual women and men recruited from randomly selected public venues in Italy.

Methods

A face-to-face interview sought information about: socio-demographics, frequency of discrimination, verbal harassment, and physical and sexual violence because of their sexual orientation, and their fear of suffering each types of victimization.

Results

In the whole sample, 28.3% and 11.9% self-reported at least one episode of victimization because of the sexual orientation in their lifetime and in the last year. Those unmarried, compared to the others, and with a college degree or higher, compared to less educated respondents, were more likely to have experienced an episode of victimization in their lifetime. Lesbians, compared to bisexual, had almost twice the odds of experiencing an episode of victimization. The most commonly reported experiences across the lifetime were verbal harassment, discrimination, and physical or sexual violence. Among those who had experienced one episode of victimization in their lifetime, 42.1% self-reported one episode in the last year. Perceived fear of suffering violence because of their sexual orientation, measured on a 10-point Likert scale with a higher score indicative of greater fear, ranges from 5.7 for verbal harassment to 6.4 for discrimination. Participants were more likely to have fear of suffering victimization because of their sexual orientation if they were female (compared to male), lesbian and gay men (compared to bisexual women and men), unmarried (compared to the others), and if they have already suffered an episode of victimization (compared to those who have not suffered an episode).

Conclusions

The study provides important insights into the violence experiences of lesbian, gay men, and bisexual women and men and the results may serve for improving policy initiatives to reduce such episodes.     

Quantitation of the involvement of the recA, recB, recC, recF, recJ, recN, lexA, radA, radB, uvrD, and umuC genes in the repair of X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks in Escherichia coli

Isogenic Escherichia coli strains carrying single DNA-repair mutations were compared for their capacity for (i) the repair of X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) as measured using neutral sucrose gradients; (ii) medium-dependent resistance, i.e., a recA-dependent X-ray survival phenomenon that correlates closely with the capacity for repairing DSB; and (iii) the growth medium-dependent, recA-dependent repair of X-ray-induced DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) as measured using alkaline sucrose gradients (about 80% of these SSB are actually parts of DSB). These three capacities were measured to quantitate more accurately the involvement of the various genes in the repair of DSB over a wide dose range. The mutations tested were grouped into five classes according to their effect on the repair of X-ray-induced DSB: (I) the recA, recB, recC, and lexA mutants were completely deficient; (II) the radB and recN mutants were about 90% deficient; (III) the recF and recJ mutants were about 70% deficient; (IV) the radA and uvrD mutants were about 30% deficient; and (V) the umuC mutant resembled the wild-type strains in its capacity for the repair of DSB.