HAP-1在慢性复合应激大鼠肾上腺的表达

目的探讨慢性复合应激大鼠肾上腺髓质细胞亨廷顿蛋白相关蛋白1(Huntingtin-associated protein 1,HAP-1)表达的变化及其意义。方法36只大鼠随机分为两组:慢性复合应激组和对照组。应激组动物进行6周的垂直旋转、睡眠剥夺、捆绑(6h/d)和夜间光照等慢性复合性应激试验;实验结束后,所有动物采用免疫组织化学、Western-blot以及RT-PCR等方法检测肾上腺髓质细胞内HAP-1蛋白和mRNA水平的变化。结果与对照组相比,慢性复合应激组的大鼠肾上腺髓质中HAP-1的表达明显增强(P<0.05),HAP-1 mRNA水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论6周慢性复合性应激大鼠HAP-1在肾上腺髓质区的表达加强,mRNA水平提高。提示HAP-1在慢性复合应激促进肾上腺功能中可能发挥一定作用。     

慢性复合应激对大鼠胰腺HAP1表达的影响

目的探讨慢性复合应激大鼠胰腺内胰岛内分泌细胞HAP1表达的变化及其意义。方法36只大鼠随机分为两组:慢性复合应激组和正常对照组。应激组动物无规律交替暴露于垂直旋转、睡眠剥夺、捆绑(6h/d)和夜间光照等慢性复合性应激,共6周;实验结束后,采用免疫组织化学和Western-blot等方法检测两组大鼠胰腺胰岛内分泌细胞内HAP1蛋白表达的变化。结果HAP1在大鼠胰腺内选择性表达于胰岛内分泌细胞中。与对照组相比,慢性复合应激组大鼠胰腺HAP1的表达明显增强(P<0.05)。结论6周慢性复合性应激可使大鼠胰腺中胰岛内分泌细胞的HAP1表达加强,提示HAP-1在慢性复合应激促进胰腺内分泌功能中可能发挥一定作用。     

慢性复合应激对大鼠大脑皮质生长休止蛋白7表达影响的研究

目的探讨慢性复合应激对大鼠大脑皮质神经元中生长休止蛋白7（Gas7）的表达变化及意义。方法36只大鼠随机分为两组：慢性复合应激组和正常对照组。复合应激组动物进行6w的垂直旋转、睡眠剥夺、捆绑（6h／d）和夜间光照等慢性复合性应激试验;实验结束后,所有动物采用免疫组织化学、Western-blot等方法检测大鼠海马Gas7蛋白表达的变化。结果与对照组相比,Gas7在大鼠大脑皮质表达明显增强（P〈0．05）。结论Gas7参与了慢性复合应激对大鼠大脑皮质神经元生长发育的影响。     

不同时程束缚水浸应激对大鼠胃排空的影响

目的研究不同时程慢性束缚水浸应激对大鼠胃排空的影响。方法48只雄性150 g左右SD大鼠被随机分为6组,即实验3、72、8 d组和对照3、72、8 d组,每组8只。实验期间,每日观察大鼠体重、一般状况及行为学指标。实验组23℃水域箱内束缚水浸1 h/d,对照组自由摄食饮水。采用半固体排空实验（阿拉伯胶炭糊）来检测胃排空率,数据录入SPSS 13.0进行分析处理。结果①体重增加情况：不同组别和不同应激时间这两个因素对体重增加的影响差异均有显著性。②胃排空率：对照各组间比较均无统计学差异。3 d组间（实验3d组与对照3 d组）大鼠胃排空率无差异;而7 d组间和28 d组间比较则明显异常。随着应激时间的延长,实验组胃排空率呈现了先增高（7 d时）后降低（28 d）的变化趋势,且实验3 d组与7 d组、7 d组与28 d组间比较均有明显的统计学意义,而3 d组与28 d组比较则无统计学差异。结论不同时程的慢性束缚水浸应激可以导致大鼠胃排空率改变;随着应激时间的延长,呈现先上升后下降的规律。     

慢性复合应激对成年海马FGF-2的表达及神经发生的影响

目的通过观察慢性复合应激后大鼠海马FGF-2表达的变化,来探讨慢性复合应激对FGF-2表达的影响及其与海马神经发生的联系。方法成年雄性大鼠随机分为复合应激组和正常对照组。复合应激组动物每天交替无规律暴露于复合应激原中达6周。然后运用免疫组织化学方法、Western-blot和RT-PCR技术观察海马FGF-2表达的变化。结果慢性复合应激组动物海马FGF-2阳性细胞的表达量增多(P<0.05);海马FGF-2蛋白的表达明显增加(P<0.05);海马FGF-2 mRNA水平明显上调(P<0.05)。结论慢性复合应激可引起海马FGF-2阳性细胞表达量增加和FGF-2表达水平升高,提示应激后内源性FGF-2的表达增高可能是慢性复合应激促海马神经发生的因素之一。     

黄酒对慢性应激大鼠肠道微生物的影响

目的 探讨黄酒对慢性应激大鼠肠道微生物的影响.方法 将45只SD大鼠制成慢性应激模型,并随机分为正常对照组、慢性应激对照组和慢性应激黄酒组.正常对照组、慢性应激对照组仅给予正常饲料喂食,慢性应激黄酒组饲料中每日添加酒精度为15.0％ (v/v)的黄酒5 mL,6周后处死大鼠,取肠道内容物做肠道乳酸菌、大肠埃希菌及真菌等微生物培养,数据采用统计学方法分析.结果 黄酒不影响大鼠的血糖变化,与正常对照组相比,慢性应激对照组乳酸菌明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),大肠埃希菌和真菌数量增加,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05);慢性应激黄酒组乳酸菌增多,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),大肠埃希菌和真菌数量减少,比较差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 慢性应激状态下,肠道微生物发生明显的变化,适量饮用黄酒能增加肠道益生菌,减少肠道致病菌或条件致病菌,维持肠道微生态平衡,对肠道微生物有一定的调节作用.     

大鼠慢性多重应激模型的建立

目的:建立大鼠慢性多重应激模型,为研究应激性疾病提供实验模型.方法:健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组(n=10)和对照组(n=10).模型组采用脉冲随机变动的噪声、夜间光照、足底电击以及强迫游泳和束缚的复合刺激为应激源,对大鼠实施刺激,观察行为变化,检测心率、血压、体重增长速率、食物利用率,测定血清ACTH和皮质酮并进行分析.结果:慢性多重应激大鼠由实验之初的兴奋状态逐渐进入抑制状态,血压心率上升,体重增长缓慢,食物利用率降低,血清ACTH和皮质酮增高.结论:慢性多重应激大鼠一般行为、基本生理体征和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA)功能发生改变,应激反应处于持续亢奋状态,该模型是较稳定较理想的应激模型.     

逍遥散对慢性束缚应激模型大鼠相关脑区CRF基因表达的影响

目的:观察慢性束缚应激大鼠相关脑区CRF mRNA(下丘脑、垂体、海马、皮层)含量变化以及逍遥散对其影响.方法:用RT-PCR和图像分析方法测定相关脑区CRF mRNA含量变化.结果:应激组较正常对照组在下丘脑CRF-1基因表达下调(P<0.01).在下丘脑逍遥散组较应激组CRF-1基因表达显著下调(P<0.01),CRF-2基因表达显著上调(P<0.01);在海马区逍遥散组CRF-2基因表达较模型组上调(P<0.05);在皮层逍遥散组CRF-1基因表达较应激组则显著上调(P<0.01).结论:逍遥散组对慢性束缚应激中枢神经肽CRF的调节位点在下丘脑、垂体、海马和皮层,充分证实逍遥散的调节靶点与下丘脑、边缘系统及皮层中枢有关.     

大鼠肾虚自然流产模型的建立及相关因子的表达

目的建立大鼠肾虚自然流产模型,研究模型蜕膜细胞因子、协同刺激因子表达。方法雌性大鼠20只,雄性大鼠10只。将雌鼠与雄鼠按2∶1合笼,以阴道涂片出现大量精子为妊娠第1天,随机分为对照组、模型组每天灌服羟基脲450 mg/kg,第8天灌服米非司酮3.75 mg/kg,建立肾虚模型;统计饮食量、饮水量、肾、卵巢、胚胎直径指数;RT-PCR检查Th1型/Th2型细胞因子mRNA表达;流式细胞检测协同刺激因子CD80、CD86、CD28、CTLA-4表达。结果模型组动物饮食量、饮水量、体重增加量与对照组比较,第8天差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;胚胎直径指数显著减少（P〈0.01）;平均流产率显著升高（P〈0.01）;TNF-α、IFN-γ表达显著升高（P〈0.05）,IL-4I、L-10表达显著升高（P〈0.05）;CD80、CD86、CD28、CTLA-4显著性降低（P〈0.05）。结论灌服羟基脲与米非司酮可成功建立肾虚自然流产制模型。Th1型（TNF-αI、FN-γ）可能对妊娠有害,高表达有可能造成流产;Th2型（IL-4I、L-10）可能有利于妊娠,高表达维持妊娠。协同刺激因子CD80、CD86、CD28、CTLA-4表达与自然流产有关。     

慢性复合应激性增强空间学习与记忆时突触素Ⅰ在大鼠海马中的表达

目的观察突触素Ⅰ在慢性复合应激性空间学习与记忆增强大鼠海马各亚区表达的变化及其意义.方法成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成应激组和对照组.采用垂直旋转、剥夺睡眠、噪音刺激和夜间光照4种应激原无规律交替应激动物6周,每天6 h,制作慢性复合应激动物模型.采用Morris水迷宫和Y-迷宫测试大鼠空间学习与记忆成绩,并用免疫组织化学技术显示突触素Ⅰ在慢性复合应激性空间学习与记忆增强大鼠海马中的表达变化.结果结果显示,应激组动物慢性复合应激后在Morris水迷宫内寻找隐蔽平台所需时间(潜伏期)比对照组的明显地短(P<0.05),在Y-迷宫内寻找安全区的正确率比对照组的明显地高(P<0.05);应激组动物慢性复合应激后,其海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)和CA3区突触素I的免疫反应性明显地强于对照组(P<0.05), 两组CA1区突触素I的免疫反应性无明显差别(P>0.05).结论这些结果提示,慢性复合应激可增强大鼠空间学习与记忆能力,突触素Ⅰ在大鼠海马内表达的变化可能参与了大鼠空间学习与记忆增强的机制.     

Influence of Bacterial Infection on Serum Enzymes of White Rats

Infection of white rats with Francisella tularensis (Pasteurella tularensis) and Salmonella typhimurium and exposure to the endotoxin of S. typhimurium stimulated significant increases in various serum enzymes including aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphohexose isomerase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase. The rates of changes in enzymatic activity after infection were directly related to the size of infecting dose and to the type of infective agent employed. Tularemic infection stimulated excessive changes in enzyme activity, whereas salmonellosis and endointoxication elicited less pronounced alterations of relatively short duration. Changes observed in serum enzymes after exposure to these agents reflect the severe liver damage and extensive systemic involvement noted in tularemia as opposed to more localized and less intensive tissue damage occurring during salmonellosis and endointoxication.     

不同采血途径对SD大鼠全血细胞计数的影响

为探讨不同采血途径对SD大鼠全血细胞计数的影响,采用全自动血液分析对46例正常SD大鼠的全血细胞计数（CBC）进行分析包括WBC、RBC、Hb、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC、PLT等指标;分别从尾静脉、眼眶静脉、颈动脉和腹主动脉取血,并以腹主动脉测值为参照进行配对t检验。结果显示：分别比较腹主动脉采血组与尾静脉采血组和眼眶静脉采血组,CBC值除MCV外其他值差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;腹主动脉采血组和颈动脉采血组两者仅WBC差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。以上结果说明不同采血途径对SD大鼠全血细胞计数有不同程度的影响,各实验室应建立各自的背景数据,以便能在统一条件下比对。     

不同采血途径对SSD大鼠全血细胞计数的影响

为探讨不同采血途径对SD大鼠全血细胞计数的影响,采用全自动血液分析对46例正常SD大鼠的全血细胞计数(CBC)进行分析包括WBC、RBC、Hb、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC、PLT等指标;分别从尾静脉、眼眶静脉、颈动脉和腹主动脉取血,并以腹主动脉测值为参照进行配对t检验。结果显示:分别比较腹主动脉采血组与尾静脉采血组和眼眶静脉采血组,CBC值除MCV外其他值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹主动脉采血组和颈动脉采血组两者仅WBC差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以上结果说明不同采血途径对SD大鼠全血细胞计数有不同程度的影响,各实验室应建立各自的背景数据,以便能在统一条件下比对。     

Wistar大白鼠血液白细胞总数的抽样测试与统计分析

本文对１０－２５周龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大白鼠随机抽样,各１４０只,眼底静脉丛取血,显微镜计数法测白细胞总数,按统计学原理进行统计分析,并对总体正常值范围估计。     

Association of hsCRP,White Blood Cell Count and Ferritin with Renal Outcome in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Inflammation is a pathogenic factor in renal injury, but whether inflammation is related to renal outcome in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is little known. We thus assess the association of inflammation and renal outcome in an advanced CKD cohort. This study analyzed the association between inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (hsCRP), white blood cell (WBC) count and ferritin, renal replacement therapy (RRT) and rapid renal progression (estimated GFR slope<-6 ml/min/1.73 m²/y) in 3303 patients with stage 3–5 CKD. In all subjects, the mean hsCRP, WBC count, and ferritin levels were 1.2 (0.4, 5.4) mg/L, 7.2±2.3×10³ cells/µL, and 200 (107,349) ng/mL, respectively. During a mean 3.2-year follow-up, there were 1080 (32.7%) subjects commencing RRT, and 841(25.5%) subjects presenting rapid renal progression. Both hsCRP and ferritin were associated with increased risk for RRT with the adjusted HR (tertile 3 versus tertile 1∶1.17 〔1.01–1.36〕 and 1.20 〔1.03–1.40〕, respectively). Both hsCRP and ferritin were associated with increased odds for rapid renal progression with the adjusted OR (tertile 3 versus tertile 1∶1.40 〔1.13–1.77〕 and 1.32 〔1.06–1.67〕, respectively). hsCRP and ferritin stratified by albumin were also associated with RRT and rapid renal progression. Instead, WBC count was not associated with renal outcome. In conclusion, elevated levels of hsCRP and ferritin are risk factors associated with RRT and rapid renal progression in advanced CKD patients.     

White Blood Cell-Based Detection of Asymptomatic Scrapie Infection by Ex Vivo Assays

Prion transmission can occur by blood transfusion in human variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in experimental animal models, including sheep. Screening of blood and its derivatives for the presence of prions became therefore a major public health issue. As infectious titer in blood is reportedly low, highly sensitive and robust methods are required to detect prions in blood and blood derived products. The objectives of this study were to compare different methods - in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays - to detect prion infectivity in cells prepared from blood samples obtained from scrapie infected sheep at different time points of the disease. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) and bioassays in transgenic mice expressing the ovine prion protein were the most efficient methods to identify infected animals at any time of the disease (asymptomatic to terminally-ill stages). However scrapie cell and cerebellar organotypic slice culture assays designed to replicate ovine prions in culture also allowed detection of prion infectivity in blood cells from asymptomatic sheep. These findings confirm that white blood cells are appropriate targets for preclinical detection and introduce ex vivo tools to detect blood infectivity during the asymptomatic stage of the disease.     

Vitamin K Deficiency in Fusiformis nigrescens I. Influence on Whole Cells and Cell Envelope Characteristics

Vitamin K depletion in the vitamin K-requiring anaerobe Fusiformis nigrescens resulted in the formation of elongated cells. In the presence of vitamin K, inhibition by cyanide and heme depletion did not affect cell morphology. Peptide depletion, as well as inhibition by chloramphenicol, ethionine, or fluorophenylalanine, also resulted in formation of elongated cells. Chemical analysis of cells and envelopes showed that protein, lipid, and deoxyribonucleic acid levels were similar in vitamin-supplemented and depleted cells; however, ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels in depleted cells and envelopes were significantly higher than in K-supplemented cells. Sections of cells of both groups showed minor differences in cell surfaces. The relationship between altered cell envelopes and increased RNA levels in K-deficient bacteria indicated a membrane-mediated effect of vitamin K on RNA and possibly protein synthesis in this microorganism.     

Syndrome with Joint Manifestations in Association with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection

Three patients experienced a rheumatic-fever-like illness with painful limitation of joint movements. The illnesses were due to infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Joint symptoms have not been previously described in cases of M. pneumoniae infection.