哺乳动物精子性别特异膜蛋白的研究进展

在精子形成过程中,存在性染色体特异基因的表达,这是X、Y精子膜蛋白差异形成的基础。尽管精子形成过程中形成的细胞间桥可能使精子细胞间共享基因表达产物,但雄性传递偏移现象和性别偏移现象的发生又证明两类精子间存在非共享蛋白,同时H-Y抗原表位的成功鉴定、精子分离实验结果以及性别特异蛋白的检测结果都肯定了精子膜蛋白差异的存在,只是这种膜蛋白的差异很小。蛋白分离技术的进步及技术间的优化集成,为精子间细微差异膜蛋白的分离提供了可能。     

Extracellular copper ions regulate cellular prion protein (PrPC) expression and metabolism in neuronal cells

The physiological functions of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) remain unclear. It has been demonstrated that PrP(C) is a copper binding protein and proposed that its functions could be strictly linked to copper metabolism and neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to clarify how extracellular copper modifies PrP(C) expression and metabolism in cultured neurones. We reported here that copper delivered at physiological concentrations significantly decreases PrP(C) mRNA expression in GN11 neurones. Moreover, copper increases the release of PrP(C) into the culture medium. These results indicate that extracellular copper strongly affects the amount of cellular PrP and might represent an interesting strategy to decrease the expression of PrP(C) in neurones and its conversion in the pathological isoform PrP(Sc).     

EIAV env基因在痘苗病毒中的表达及其免疫效果的观察

将马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗及其亲本株env基因克隆到痘苗病毒表达载体pSC65的pE／L启动子下游,通过同源重组插入到痘苗病毒天坛株基因组TK区,经蓝白斑筛选获得重组痘苗病毒rvv—DINenv和rvv—LNenv,Westem blot检测目的蛋白的表达,结果表明重组痘苗病毒能够有效表达完整的EIAV Env蛋白,其肌肉接种免疫小鼠后,表达的目的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,能够诱导机体产生有效的体液和细胞免疫应答,其中以细胞免疫效果更为显著,CTL特异性裂解最高可达28％。本研究为EIAV基因工程疫苗的开发研制奠定了基础。     

EIAV env基因在痘苗病毒中的表达及其免疫效果的观察

将马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗及其亲本株env基因克隆到痘苗病毒表达载体pSC65的pE/L启动子下游,通过同源重组插入到痘苗病毒天坛株基因组TK区,经蓝白斑筛选获得重组痘苗病毒rvv-DLVenv和rvv-LNenv,Western blot检测目的蛋白的表达,结果表明重组痘苗病毒能够有效表达完整的EIAV Env蛋白,其肌肉接种免疫小鼠后,表达的目的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,能够诱导机体产生有效的体液和细胞免疫应答,其中以细胞免疫效果更为显著,CTL特异性裂解最高可达28%.本研究为EIAV基因工程疫苗的开发研制奠定了基础.     

Differential protein expression in alligator leukocytes in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide injection

Blood was collected from three juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) before, and again 24 h after, injection with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The leukocytes were collected from both samples, and the proteins were extracted. Each group of proteins was labeled with a different fluorescent dye and the differences in protein expression were analyzed by two dimensional differential in-gel expressions (2D-DIGE). The proteins which appeared to be increased or decreased by treatment with LPS were selected and analyzed by MALDI-TOF to determine mass and LC–MS/MS to acquire the partial protein sequences. The peptide sequences were compared to the NCBI protein sequence database to determine homology with other sequences from other species. Several proteins of interest appeared to be increased upon LPS stimulation. Proteins with homology to human transgelin-2, fish glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, amphibian α-enolase, alligator lactate dehydrogenase, fish ubiquitin-activating enzyme, and fungal β-tubulin were also increased after LPS injection. Proteins with homology to fish vimentin 4, murine heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3, and avian calreticulin were found to be decreased in response to LPS. In addition, five proteins, four of which were up-regulated (827, 560, 512, and 650%) and one that exhibited repressed expression (307%), did not show homology to any protein in the database, and thus may represent newly discovered proteins. We are using this biochemical approach to isolate and characterize alligator proteins with potential relevant immune function.     

染料木素对MRSA外排蛋白表达的影响

[目的] 研究染料木素对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）外排蛋白的影响。[方法] 通过联合药敏实验检测染料木素影响MRSA对环丙沙星的敏感性;利用等重同位素多标签相对定量蛋白质组学（iTRAQ）技术,检测染料木素作用MRSA41577后菌体蛋白表达量的变化;通过生物信息学方法对差异显著的蛋白进行系统分析;通过qPCR和尼罗红外排实验,探讨耐药相关的蛋白介导细菌耐药的作用机制。[结果] 联合药敏实验结果显示,染料木素能增强MRSA对环丙沙星的敏感性;通过iTRAQ技术检测到差异显著蛋白共有129个,包括60个表达上调的蛋白和69个表达下调的蛋白;生物信息学分析结果显示,与细菌耐药相关的蛋白约有14个,其中,通过主动外排系统介导细菌耐药的蛋白主要有PstB、PstS等;qPCR结果显示,与对照组相比,PstB、PstS的基因表达量分别下降了51.6%和78.6%;尼罗红外排实验结果显示,染料木素与尼罗红之间存在竞争关系,为MRSA41577的竞争性抑制剂。[结论] 染料木素可通过降低MRSA41577外排基因pstB和pstS的mRNA表达量,进而影响PstB、PstS外排蛋白的表达来逆转细菌耐药;此外,染料木素还是MRSA41577的竞争性外排抑制剂,可通过与底物竞争外排的方式,使抗菌药物留在菌体内发挥抗菌作用。     

体外合成朊病毒的研究进展

朊蛋白疾病是人类和动物中枢神经变性的神经退行性疾病,严重威胁人类的健康。朊病毒(Prion)引发疾病的致病机理尚未十分清楚,常采用体外合成Prion的方法研究其致病机理,但体外研究朊蛋白的主要困难在于建立一个合适的系统模拟体内环境,以便研究正常朊蛋白转化为致病性朊病毒的发病机制。综述了无细胞转化分析,细胞裂解液转化分析,蛋白质错折叠循环扩增,自催化转化分析等至今普遍采用的几种Prion体外合成方法,并讨论了这些方法是否适合用于模拟Prion在体内合成并聚集的过程,为研究朊病毒疾病提供了丰富的研究资源,为深入研究朊蛋白致病性转化提供参考。     

Differential protein expression in hypertrophic heart with and without hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Although cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension has been well recognized, the molecular mechanisms for the development of hypertrophy are still largely unknown. In this study, the protein expression profiles of left ventricular myocardia in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at different ages were analyzed using 2-DE in combination with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS. The results showed that 20 proteins were modulated in the hypertrophic myocardium. Out of these modulated proteins, 13 proteins presented significant changes in SHR at an early stage prior to the development of sustained hypertension, while the changes of the other 7 protein expressions occurred only at a late stage in SHR when the blood pressure was significantly elevated, and were largely reversible by treatment with rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors losartan or enalapril. These data demonstrate that the changes in energy metabolism in the hypertrophied heart favor an increase in glycolysis and a decrease in oxidation of fatty acid and glucose, which occur at an early stage in SHR without hypertension. Our results also provide evidence to support the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy.