彩云竹芋的离体培养和快速繁殖

1 植物名称彩云竹芋[Calathea picturata(Linden)K.Koch & Linden]. 2 材料类别幼嫩茎段. 3 培养条件启动培养基:(1)1/2MS+腺嘌呤1.0mg·L-1(单位下同)+6-BA 3.0+NAA 0.05;增殖继代培养基:(2)I/2MS+腺嘌呤1.0+6-BA 2.0+NAA0.5;生根培养基:(3)1/2MS+NAA 0.3.     

产黄青霉菌株39B分离培养及其白藜芦醇代谢积累条件研究

在虎杖组织培养过程中获得1株产黄青霉菌株(Penicillum chrysogenum,39B)菌株,其发酵液经TLC和HPLC检测含白藜芦醇,对其培养条件及白藜芦醇积累特性进行了研究,通过正交优化试验得到该菌最佳培养条件:20g/L葡萄糖,2g/L硝酸铵,pH值7.0,28℃,100r/min。3mmol/L苯丙氨酸、Mg2+、Zn2+能促进其生长和白藜芦醇的积累,其白藜芦醇含量达8.6617μg/100mL。     

酵母菌产麦角固醇发酵条件的研究

为了提高酵母菌麦角固醇的产量,采用摇瓶培养法,对筛选出的一株酵母菌YN2产麦角固醇发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明,酵母菌YN2产麦角固醇适宜的培养基配方为：酵母粉1％,牛肉膏2．5％,葡萄糖8％,K2HPO4 0．3％,MgSO4 0．15％,该菌株产麦角固醇最适培养条件为：培养温度28℃,起始pH6．5,发酵时间72h。在优化的实验条件下,麦角固醇含量可达2．2％,100ml发酵液中麦角固醇产量达25．30mg。     

脱落酸产生菌的筛选及其产酸条件优化

利用马丁-孟加拉红培养基由20份土壤样品和2份植物病叶样品中分离出57株真菌,分别对其进行液体培养,通过各菌株发酵液抑制莴苣种子发芽的方法筛选得到一株脱落酸产生菌NX-53,通过L9(34)正交实验对其产酸条件进行了优化,该菌株产脱落酸的培养基配方和培养条件如下:葡萄糖25g/L,维生素B11.25mg/L,谷氨酸单钠盐3.0g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L,KCl 0.5 g/L,CaCO3 5 g/L,KH2PO4 0.8 g/L,FeSO4·7H2O 0.5mg/L, ZnSO4·7H2O 2.5mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O 4mg/L,250mL摇瓶装液量50mL,28℃、150r/min培养7d.优化条件下菌株NX-53的脱落酸产量可达276 mg/L.     

枸杞髓组织培养中体细胞胚胎发生与过氧化物酶同工酶分析

枸杞髓组织在 MS+6 - BA0 .1mg/ L+NAA0 .5mg/ L培养基上诱导愈伤组织发生。在 MS+6 - BA0 .1mg/ L+NAA0 .5mg/ L+CH50 0 mg/ L培养基上继代培养 ,再转入 MS+6 - BA2 mg/L +NAA 0 .5mg/ L的分化培养基上进行分化培养。显微观察表明 ,在培养过程中愈伤组织细胞由非胚性细胞转变为胚性细胞 ,直至发育成体细胞胚胎和完整植株 ;电泳结果显示 ,体细胞胚胎发生的各阶段 ,其过氧化物酶同工酶发生相应的变化。     

微生物杀虫剂Bt53菌株的发酵培养基优化

运用正交试验L2 7(313 )设计法对鳞翅目昆虫高毒效的苏云金杆菌Bt5 3菌株进行培养基优化试验 ,在培养温度 30± 1℃ ,5 0ml/5 0 0ml三角瓶 ,摇床转速 180r/min条件下 ,苏云金杆菌 5 3菌株的发酵最佳培养基是 (% ) :碳源 0 5、氮源A 2 0、氮源B 0 10、氮源C 0 2 5、磷酸氢二钾 0 75、碳酸钙 0 15、硫酸镁 0 0 18及pH8 0。     

马可波罗百合的组织培养和离体快繁

以马可波罗百合的鳞片、茎段和茎尖为外植体 ,成功建立了快速无性繁殖系。诱导鳞片产生丛芽的最佳培养基为 :MS +0 .3～ 0 .8mg/LBA +0 .0 5mg/LNAA ;茎尖的最佳诱导培养基为 :MS +2mg/LBA +0 .0 5mg/LNAA ;茎段的最佳诱导培养基为 :MS +0 .8mg/LBA +0 .1mg/LNAA。丛芽增殖培养基 :MS +0 .2mg/LBA +0 .1mg/LNAA和MS +0 .2mg/LBA +0 .1mg/LIAA。生根诱导最佳培养基为 1 /2MS +0 .2mg/LKT +0 .0 5～ 0 .5mg/LNAA。     

胶胨状芽孢杆菌拮抗菌株活性物质形成条件及其性质初步研究

探索了培养基组分和培养条件对胶胨状芽孢杆菌拮抗菌株抗菌活性形成的影响。确定了菌株的最适发酵条件 :即以 1 %麦芽糖为碳源 ,以 0 1 % (NH4 ) 2 SO4 为氮源 ,32℃～ 37℃摇瓶培养 ,在培养过程中保持pH近中性有利于菌株生长和积累活性产物。从发酵液中获得抗生物质粗品 ,该物质对G+ 的蜡样芽孢杆菌 ,金黄色葡萄球菌和G- 的大肠杆菌等均有较强抗菌活性。经热处理、酶处理和生化定性分析 ,表明此活性产物为肽类化合物     

濒危植物盘龙参种子的非共生萌发及种苗的快繁研究

以盘龙参种子为材料,筛选离体条件下适宜种子非共生萌发、种苗快繁的培养基。结果表明:盘龙参种子在无植物生长物质的培养基中能够萌发,但不能发育成苗;在含有1.0mg·L-1 KT、0.1mg·L-1 IAA和0.1mg·L-1 GA3的培养基中萌发,并能进一步发育形成种苗;在较高浓度生长素(1.2mg·L-1 NAA)的培养基中不能萌发。种苗在较高浓度细胞分裂素和较低浓度生长素配比的培养基中能够增殖,最高增殖系数可达到2.8,转入壮苗生长培养基中培养80d后可以移栽温室。最适增殖培养基为1/2MS+12.0mg·L-1 6-BA+0.1mg·L-1 NAA+10.0mg·L-1腺嘌呤;最适壮苗生根培养基为1/2MS+1.0mg·L-1 KT+0.1mg·L-1 IAA+10.0mg·L-1腺嘌呤。     

金属离子对酵母胞内核黄素产量的影响

研究了金属离子对脆壁酵母 (Saccharomycesefragilis)RY 5胞内核黄素积累的影响 ,运用均匀设计方法进行了培养基优化。结果表明 :Mg2 + ,Zn2 + ,Fe2 + 对RY 5的核黄素产量有着显著影响 ,培养基中金属离子的最佳浓度为 :MgSO4·7H2 O 1 .1g/L ;CoSO4·7H2 O 2 8mg/L ;CuSO4·5H2 O 0 .0 1mg/L ;MnCl2 0 .0 2mg/L ;ZnSO4·7H2 O 3 4mg/L ;FeSO4·7H2 O 1 4mg/L ,RY 5的核黄素产量可达 1 40mg/kg。     

The role of manganese in growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis.

Phosphoglycerate phosphomutase of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megaterium required Mn2+ as cofactor, whereas the wheat germ and rabbit liver enzymes did not. In the absence of Mn2+, B. subtilis did not sporulate in normal sporulation media but it did sporulate if the proper ratio of glucose or glycerol and malate was used. Decoyinine, an inhibitor of guanosine monophosphate synthesis, induced sporulation in the presence of excess glucose and malate to the same extent with and without Mn2+. Apparently, phosphoglycerate phosphomutase is the only strictly Mn2+-requiring enzyme needed for optimal sporulation in normal sporulation media.     

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus plasmids introduced by transformation into Bacillus subtilis.

Covalently closed circular DNA from five Staphylococcus aureus plasmids has been introduced into Bacillus subtilis. Four of these plasmids (pUB110, pCM194, pSA2100, and pSA0501) have been selected for further study. These plasmids replicate as multicopy autonomous replicons in both Rec+ and Rec- B. subtilis strains. They may be transduced between B. subtilis strains or transformed at a frequency of 10(4) to 10(5) transformants per microgram of DNA. The molecular weights of these plasmids were estimated, and restriction endonuclease cleavage site maps are presented. Evidence is given that pSA2100, an in vivo recombinant of pSA0501 and pCM194 (S. Iord?nescu, J. Bacteriol. 124:597-601, 1975), arose by a fusion of the latter plasmids, possibly by insertion of one element into another as a translocatable element. Genetic information from three other S. aureus plasmids (pK545, pSH2, and pUB101) has also been introduced into B. subtilis, although no covalently closed circular plasmid DNA was recovered.     

Modified nucleotides in Bacillus subtilis tRNA(Trp) hyperexpressed in Escherichia coli.

In the present study, modified nucleotides in the B. subtilis tRNA(Trp) cloned and hyperexpressed in E. coli have been identified by TLC and HPLC analyses. The modification patterns of the two isoacceptors of cloned B. subtilis tRNA(Trp) have been compared with those of native tRNA(Trp) from B. subtilis and from E. coli. The modifications of the A73 mutant of B. subtilis tRNA(Trp), which is inactive toward its cognate TrpRS, were also investigated. The results indicate the formation of the modified nucleotides S4U8, Gm18, D20, Cm32, i6A/ms2i6A37, T54 and psi 55 on cloned B. subtilis tRNA(Trp). This modification pattern resembles the pattern of E. coli tRNA(Trp), except that m7G is missing from the cloned tRNA(Trp), probably on account of its short extra loop. In contrast, the pattern departs substantially from that of native B. subtilis tRNA(Trp). Therefore, the cloned B. subtilis tRNA(Trp) has taken on largely the modification pattern of E. coli tRNA(Trp) despite the 26% sequence difference between the two species of tRNA, gaining in particular the Cm32 and Gm18 modifications from the E. coli host. A notable difference between the isoacceptors of the cloned tRNA(Trp) was seen in the extent of modification of A37, which occurred as either the hypomodified i6A or the hypermodified ms2i6A form. Surprisingly, base substitution of guanosine by adenosine at position 73 of the cloned tRNA(Trp) has led to the abolition of the 2'-O-methylation modification of the remote G18 residue.     

A method for demonstrating gene essentiality in Staphylococcus aureus

A method for demonstrating whether a gene of Staphylococcus aureus is essential for growth in a rich medium is described. We have used this method to determine whether the murE gene, which encodes the UDP-N-acetylmuramyl tripeptide synthetase required for peptidoglycan synthesis, is essential for growth in S. aureus. In this study, strain CYL368 was constructed from S. aureus RN4220 by placing the murE gene in the chromosome under the control of the spac promoter (a hybrid promoter of the Escherichia coli lac operator and the Bacillus subtilis SPO1 phage promoter). To regulate the murE gene in CYL368, the E. coli lacI gene was expressed from the B. licheniformis penicillinase gene (pcn) promoter in plasmid pMJ8426. Strain CYL368(pMJ8426) grew normally in the presence of isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside but could not grow in the absence of the inducer. These results indicate that the murE gene expressed from the spac promoter in CYL368(pMJ8426) is needed for bacterial growth. We concluded that murE is an essential gene of S. aureus.     

Impact of Cell Wall Structure on the Behavior of Bacterial Cells as Sorbents of Cadmium and Lead

Batch metal sorption studies were conducted to compare the behavior of Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli as sorbents of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ . A pH range from 3.0 to 6.5 was investigated at total metal concentrations of 1 2 10 -4.0 and 3.2 2 10 -5 M. Concentration apparent equilibrium sorption constants (K s n M ) and sorption capacity (S max n ) values were determined for the bacteria by fitting experimental data to one- ( n = 1) and two-site ( n = 2) Langmuir sorption isotherms. The sorption data for each of the bacteria were described well by a one-site model (r 2 > 0.9), Cd 2+ exhibited somewhat lower sorption affinities (log K s M =- 1.5 for B. subtilis , and -0.7 for E. coli ) than Pb 2+ (log K s M =-0.6 for B. subtilis and -0.8 for E. coli ). Corresponding S max values for Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ on B. subtilis were 0.36 mmole/g and 0.27 mmole/g, respectively. For E. coli Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ S max values were lower at 0.10 mmole/g and 0.21 mmole/g. A two-site sorption model yielded an improved fit for only the E. coli data with several orders of magnitude difference evident between high (Cd 2+ log K s1 M = 0.9; Pb 2+ log K s1 M = 1.5) and low (Cd 2+ log K s2 M =- 1.1; Pb 2+ log K s2 M = -1.6) affinity sorption sites. In addition, allowing for the presence of low affinity sorption (i.e., S max2 ) sites further increased the total E. coli metal sorption capacity closer to that of B. subtilis . As expected, the sorption of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ by the bacteria exhibited a strong dependence on pH with sorption edges in the range of pH 4.2 to 5.6. The results of this study show that, despite differences in cell wall structure and composition, B. subtilis and E. coli exhibit remarkably similar sorption behavior toward Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ , respectively. These similarities can be attributed to the specific chemical reactivity of acidic functional groups (e.g., carboxyl, phosphoryl) that occur in the cell walls of both bacteria.     

Characterization of L-aspartate oxidase and quinolinate synthase from Bacillus subtilis

NAD is an important cofactor and essential molecule in all living organisms. In many eubacteria, including several pathogens, the first two steps in the de novo synthesis of NAD are catalyzed by l-aspartate oxidase (NadB) and quinolinate synthase (NadA). Despite the important role played by these two enzymes in NAD metabolism, many of their biochemical and structural properties are still largely unknown. In the present study, we cloned, overexpressed and characterized NadA and NadB from Bacillus subtilis, one of the best studied bacteria and a model organism for low-GC Gram-positive bacteria. Our data demonstrated that NadA from B. subtilis possesses a [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster, and we also identified the cysteine residues involved in the cluster binding. The [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster is coordinated by three cysteine residues (Cys110, Cys230, and Cys320) that are conserved in all the NadA sequences reported so far, suggesting a new noncanonical binding motif that, on the basis of sequence alignment studies, may be common to other quinolinate synthases from different organisms. Moreover, for the first time, it was shown that the interaction between NadA and NadB is not species-specific between B. subtilis and Escherichia coli.     

Induction of penicillin-binding proteins under catabolite-repressed conditions.

Decoyinine, an inhibitor of GMP synthetase, was used to induce sporulation under catabolite-repressed conditions in Bacillus subtilis. Sporulation-specific penicillin-binding proteins 4* and 5* were produced in abundance, and there was an increase in vegetative penicillin-binding proteins 2B and 3. These results, which were completely blocked by addition of guanosine, suggest that synthesis of penicillin-binding proteins is neither catabolite repressed nor directly dependent on the stringent response.