Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article
T he M icrobiological S afety of F ood , 1973. Edited by Betty C. Hobbs and J. H. B. Christian.
E scherichia coli and M an (1974). E. Mary Cooke.
T he B iology of B lue-green A lgae , 1973. Edited by N. G. Carr and B. A. Whitton.     

Book Reviews

M ycotoxins (1974). Edited by I. F. H. Purchase.
C owan and S teel's M anual for the I dentification of M edical B acteria (1974). S. T. Cowan.
A C olour A tlas of M icrobiology (1975). R. J. Olds.
M embranes and their C ellular F unctions (1974). J. B. Finean, R. Coleman & R. H. Michell.
S ingle C ell P rotein (1974). Edited by P. Davis.
W riting S cientific P apers in E nglish (1975). Maeve O'Connor & F. P. Woodford.
M icrobiology Vol. I (1975). Edited by V. A. Sherin & L. S. Smirnova.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article
T he P revention of L aboratory A cquired I nfection (1974). C. H. Collins, E. G. Hartley & R. Pilsworth.
L aboratory M ethods 1 (1974). Joan R. Davies, E. J. G. Glencross, J. Marks, C. D. Plows & Mair E. M. Thomas.
S pore R esearch (1973). Edited by A. N. Barker, G. W. Gould & J. Wolf.
I mmunology (1974). H. N. Eisen.
O pportunistic P athogens (1974). Edited by J. A. Prier & H. Friedman.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
F ood P reservatives (1991). Edited by N.J. Russell & G.W. Gould.
F ungal C ell W all and I mmune R esponse .     

Besprechungen/Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article: Burger, J. (1974): Breeding adaptations of Frankline gull (Larus pipixcan) to a march habitat (Anpassungen von Franklins Möwe an das Brüten in Sümpfen). Anim. Spurr, E. B. (1974): Individual differences in aggressiveness of Adelie Penguins (Individuell verschiedene Angriffsbereitschaft bei Adelie-Pinguinen). Howe, R. J. (1974): Marking behaviour of the Bahaman Hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami) (Das Markierverhalten des Stummelschwanz-Hutias G. i.). Le Boeuf, P. J., und L. F. Petrinovich (1974): Dialects of northern Elefant Seals, Mirounga angustirostris: origin and reliability (Über Herkunft und Beständigkeit der Dialekte nördlicher See-Elefanten). Griffin, D. R., und C. D. Hopkins (1974): Sound audible to migrating birds (Was können Zugvögel im Fluge hören?). Johnson, J. A., und E. D. Brodie jr. (1974): Defensive behaviour of the western Banded Gecko, Coleonyx variegatus (Abwehrverhalten des Geckos C. v.). Walsh, J. P., und W. R. Tschinkel (1974): Brood recognition by contact phero-mone in the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta (Ein Kontakt-pheromon als Erkennungszeichen der Brut Roter Feuerameisen). Dill, L. M. (1974): The escape response of the Zebra Danio (Brachydanio rerio) I. The Stimulus for escape, II. The effect of experience (Die Fluchtreaktion der Zebrabarbe. Ishay, J., A. Motro, S. Gitter, und M. B. Brown (1974): Rhythms in acoustical communication by the Oriental Hörnet, Vespa orientalis (Rhythmisch verschiedene akustische Signale im Hornissennest). Stamps, J. A. (1973): Displays and social Organization in female Anolis aeneus (Ausdrucksverhalten und Gesellschaftsordnung von A, ae.-♀♀). Lorenz, K. Z. (1974): Analogy as a Source of Knowledge (Analogie als Wissensquelle). Eccles, J. C. (1970): Facing Reality — Philosophical Adventures by a Brain Scientist (Die Wirklichkeit ins Auge fassen — philosophische Exkurse eines Hirnphysiologen). Eccles, J. C. (1975): Mensch und Wissenschaft. (Facing Reality, übersetzt von Rosemarie Liske). Springer-Verlag, Berlin—Heidelberg—New York.     

Besprechungen/Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Rubenstein , D. I., und B. A. Hazlett (1974): Examination of the agonistic behaviour of the Crayfish Orconectes virilis by character analysis (Informationstheoretische Analyse des Kampfverhaltens des Krebses O. v.). Clark , D. L., und J. E. Dillon (1974): Social dominance relationships between previously unacquainted male and female Squirrel Monkeys (Rangordnungsversuche mit einander fremden männlichen und weiblichen Totenkopfäffchen). Jachowski , R. L. (1974): Agonistic behavior of the Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun (Das Kampfverhalten der Blaukrabbe C. s.). Soczka , L. (1974): Ethologie sociale et sociométrie: analyse de la structure d'un groupe de Singes Crabiers (Macaca fascicularis = irus) en captivité (Sozialverhaltenskunde und Soziometrie: Analyse der Struktur einer Javaneraffen-Gruppe in Gefangenschaft). Hopkins , C. D. (1974): Electric communication: functions in the social behavior of Eigenmannia virescens (Elektrische Verständigung: ihre Bedeutung im Sozialverhalten von E. v.). Bauer , R. (1974): Electric organ discharge activity of resting and stimulated Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae) (Die elektrischen Entladungen ruhender und gereizter Spitzbartfische). Jacobs , W., und M. Renner (1974): Taschenlexikon zur Biologie der Insekten. Kampmann , H. (1975): Der Waschbär. Verbreitung, Ökologie, Lebensweise, Jagd. Wendt , H. (1974): Abenteuerliches Dschungelleben.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
B acterial C ell S tructure (Aspects of Microbiology 6) (1983). H.J. Rogers.
T he E lisa : E nzyme -L inked I mmunosorbent A ssay in V eterinary R esearch and D iagnosis (1982). Edited by R.C Wardley & J.R. Crowther.
G enetic R ecombination : U nderstanding the M echanisms (1982). H.L.K. Whitehouse.
M icrobial C ontrol of P lant P ests & D iseases (Aspects of Microbiology 7) (1983). J.W. Deacon.
M ethods in F ood and D airy M icrobiology (1982)     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
E lectrochemical D etection T echniques I n T he A pplied B iosciences Volume 2 (1988). By G-A. Junter
P lant R esistance T o V iruses (1987). Edited by D. Evered & S. Harnett
M icrobial R econtamination I n D airy P rocessing –P roceedings O f T he I nternational C ongress.
D evelopments I n F ood M icrobiology –4 (1988). Edited by R.K. Robinson.
C ellulose H ydrolysis (1987). Edited by L. T. Fan, M.M. Gharpuray & Y.-H. Lee
I mmobilization O f C ells (1988). By C.R. Phillips & Y.C. Poon
C rystalline B acterial C ell S urface L ayers (1988). Edited by U.B. Sleytr, P. Messner, D. Pum & M. Sara     

Besprechungen/Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Kaufmann, J. H. (1974): Social ethology of the Whiptail Wallaby, Macropus parryi, in northeastern New South Wales (Das Sozialverhalten von Parrys Känguruh (M. p.) im nordöstlichen Neu-Südwales). Hartley, J. C., D. J. Robinson und A. C. Warne (1974): Female response song in the Ephippigerines Steropleurus stali and Platystolus obvius (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) (Antwortgesänge der ♀♀ bei den Ephippigerinen St. st. und P. o.). Anim. Behav. Ligon, J. D., und D. J. Martin (1974): Piñon seed assessment by the Piñon Jay, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus (Nacktschnabelhäher beurteilen die Güte von Piniensamen). Anim. Behav. Hurley, A. C., und P. H. Hartline (1974): Escape response in the Damselfish Chromis cyanea (Pisces: Pomacentridae): A quantitative study (Quantitative Untersuchung der Fluchtreaktion des Pomacentriden Chr. c.). Jones, C. Eu., und St. L. Buchmann (1974): Ultraviolet floral patterns as functional orientation cues in hymenopterous pollination systems (Die Bedeutung ultravioletter Muster für blütenbesuchende Hymenopteren). Powell, G. V. N. (1974): Experimental analysis of the social value of flocking by Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in relation to predation and foraging (Experimenteller Nachweis der Vorteile des Schwarmverhaltens von Staren bei Feindabwehr und Nahrungssuche). Krieg, D. C. (1971): The behavioral patterns of the Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) (Verhaltensweisen des Rotkehl-Hüttensängers S. s.). Bulletin No. 415, New York State Museum and Science Service. (1) Campbell, B. G. (1972): Entwicklung zum Menschen. 4. amerikanische Auflage, übersetzt von G. Kurth und E. May. (2) Goerttler, K. (1972): Stimme und Sprache. Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, math.-nat. Klasse. (3) Portmann, A. (1971): Entwurf zum vorbereiteten Diskussionsbeitrag: Der bioloeische Beitrag zum Sprachproblem. (4) Starck, D., und R. Schneider (1968): Larynx. (5) Kipp, F. A. (1966): Indizien für die Sprachähigkeit fossiler Menschen.     

Book reviews

Golterman, H. L. (1975) Physiological Limnology. An Approach to the Physiology of Lake Ecosystems .
Disney, R. H. L. (1975) . A Key to the Larvae, Pupae and Adults of the British Dixidae (Diptera). The Meniscus Midges .
Balon E. K. and Coche A. G. (Eds.) (1974) . Lake Kariba, a Man-made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa .
Klasvik H. (1974) . Computerised Analysis of Stream Algae.
Lowe-McConnell R. H. (1975). Fish Communities in Tropical Freshwaters .
Roberts R. J. and Shepherd C. J. (1975) . Handbook of Trout and Salmon Diseases .
Nicholas W. L. (1975) . The Biology of Free-living Nematodes , pp. 219.
Smirnov N. N. (1974) . Chydoridae of the World's Fauna .
Steemann Nielsen E. (1975) . Marine Photosynthesis. With Special Emphasis on the Ecological Aspects .     

Ciampi,E. (1975): Die Welt der Delphine (Übersetzung von: Those other people the porpoises)

Book Reviewed in this article: ed. Kornhuber, H. H. (1974): Handbook of Sensory Physiology Vol. 6: Vestibular System (Das Vestibularsystem). Part 1. Basic Mechanisms. 676 S., 251 Abb., VIII, Preis gebunden 239,— DM bzw. Jung, R. (1973): Visual Perception and Neurophysiology (Gesichtssinn und Neurophysiologie) in: Handbook of Sensory Physiology Vol. Forssmann, W. G., und C. Heym (1974): Grundriß der Neuroanatomie. Longo, V. G. (1972): Neuropharmacology and Behavior (Neuropharmakologie und Verhalten). W. H. Freeman and Comp. Curry-Lindahl, K. (1975): Groddjur och kräldjur i färg (Lurche und Kriechtiere in Farben). Verlag Almqvist und Wiksel, Stockholm. Ders. (1975): Däggdjur i färg (Säugetiere in Farben). Griffin, D. R. (1974): Bird Migration. The Biology and Physics of Orientation (Vogelzug. Biologische und physikalische Grundlagen der Orientierung). Griffin, D. R. (1974): Listening in the Dark. The acoustic orientation of Bats and Men (Horchen im Dunkeln). Douglas-Hamilton, I. und O. (1976): Unter Elefanten. R. Piper & Co. Wieser, W. (1976): Konrad Lorenz und seine Kritiker. ed. Autrum, H., und U. Wolf (1973): Humanbiologie. Ergebnisse und Aufgaben. Heidelberger Taschenbücher Bd. 121. Steitz, E. (1974): Die Evolution des Menschen. Arbeitsbücher Biologie, Taschentext 16. ed. Fox, R. (1975): Biosocial Anthropology (Biosoziale Anthropologie).     

Histone synthesis by cleavage arrested sea urchin eggs.

A change in Hl histone synthesis occurs in blastulae, from Hlm to a faster moving Hlg in acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The experiments below indicate that this shift occurs in the absence of normal cleavage. Hybrid embryos containing paternal Hl histone markers along with homospermic embryos were studied. Both were labeled with L-[3H]lysine. Some cultures were kept at 11 degrees C to inhibit cleavage. It was found that Hlm and Hlg are synthesized sequentially in time by embryos grown at 20 degreet C as well as by those grown at 11 degrees C. The hybrid data establish that Hlm is translated at least in part from mRNA newly transcribed from paternal DNA. This observation also holds for cleavage inhibited hybrid embryos. Hlg is made by both hybrid and homospermic embryos during the later phases of development at both 11 and 20 degrees C. These results confirm and extend those of Seale et al. (1973), Ruderman et al. (1974) and Easton et al. (1974).     

Additional information on the linear order of the genes encoding the red blood group C-system antigens in cattle

A linear model for the genes controlling the system C blood group factors was presented by Bouw et al. (1974) and confirmed by Guerin et al. (1981). The relative order of the R and W genes was not established by either of these studies. A recently observed recombination in the C system is reported here, providing evidence for the positioning of the R and W genes.     

Preparation and properties of O-dansyltyrosine gramicidin C.

Gramicidins A, B, and C are a family of poly-peptide antibiotics which facilitate the passive diffusion of alkali cations and protons through lipid bilayer membranes. It is clear that gramicidin forms a multimeric transmembrane channel and it has been suggested that the channel is an io-conducting dimer in equilibrium on the membrane with non-conducting monomer. We describe the preparation and purification of a derivative of gramicidin C in which the phenolic hydroxyl of the tyrosine at position 11 has been esterified to 8-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (dansyl). This derivative fluoresces strongly in the visible with an emission maximun in dioxane of 530 nm, an emission lifetime of 16 ns, and a quantum yield of 0.8. Veatch et al. ((1975),J. Mol. Biol. 99, 75) have shown this 0-dansyltyrosine gamicidin C to be a fully active analogue of gramicidin A in artificial lipid bilayer membranes. We here utilize this derivative to further characterize the state of aggregation and rotational mobility of the four interconvertible conformational species formed by gramicidin in nonpolar organic solvents (Veatch et al. (1974), Biochemsitry 13, 5249; Veatch and Blout (1974), Biochemistry 13, 5257). Fluorescence energy transfer from the tryptophans of gramicidin A to the 0-dansyltyrosine of this derivatives supports the conclusion that all of these gramicidin isolated species are aggregates. Decay of fluorescence polarization anisotropy measurements yield a rotational correlation time of 1 ns for the 0-dansyltyrosine chromophore in ethanol in good agreement with the more detailed information previously obtained by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance for the monomer in dimethyl sulfoxide (Fossel et al. (1974), Biochemistry 13, 5264). However, it is likely that the chromophore has much more rotational mobility than the rest of the gramicidin molecule in the aggregated comformational states.     

On the physical limnology of Georgian Bay

Georgian Bay comprises the easternmost part of the Michigan-Huron water system and extensive data were collected here in 1974 by the Canada Centre For Inland Waters. Fifty-one stations were monitored between April and December of 1974; the time series recordings of currents and temperature at 10 locations, meteorological recordings at two buoys, and water level recordings from temporary gauges were carried out. Minimum surface temperature of 0 °C persists for one month commencing in late February and maximum surface temperatures occurred in early August (19 °C). The annual heat income for Georgian Bay was estimated to be 43 700 cal · cm^–2. The exchange at Main Channel has a significant influence on water residence and flushing times in Georgian Bay which determines its trophic status.     

Book reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
T he S taphylococci (1985). Edited by J. Jeljaszewicz.
G uidelines for D rinking -W ater Q uality (1985).
C olour A tlas of F ood Q uality C ontrol (1986). J. P. Sutherland, A. H. Varnam & M. G. Evans.
M icrobiology of F rozen F oods (1985). Edited by R. K. Robinson.
M icrobiology of F ermented F oods , Volumes 1 and 2 (1985). Edited by B. J. B. Wood.
M icrobial E nergetics (1985). E. A. Dawes.
G. T. M acfarlane & H. N. E nglyst . Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1986 60 , 195–201     

Interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton in a fertilized lake

The limnology of an oligotrophic lake, Langvatn, situated in Trøndelag county in Central Norway, has been studied for five years (1974–1978). In two years, 1975 and 1976, the lake was fertilized with a general fertilizer to change feeding conditions for the zooplankton. Mean phytoplankton biomass in the epilimnion and primary production for the years (1974–1978) were 417, 618, 1370, 607 and 779 mg m⁻³ and 10.6, 22.2, 49.0, 26.8 and 17.7 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively. Cladocerans were the dominant herbivore group in 1974 and 1975 and Rotifera in the next three years. The main difference in the interaction between phytoplankton and zooplankton occurred when cladoceran dominance gave way to rotifer dominance. Heavy phytoplankton grazing by cladocerans in 1974 and 1975 stabilized the biomass and maintained it at a low level, which also resulted in a relatively low primary production. The rotifer-dominated community during the years 1976–1978 did not possess the ability to maintain a stable level of algal biomass. Primary production was also relatively high during these years.     

Thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes studied by differential scanning calorimetry

The effect of NaCl on the thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes has been investigated by conventional microbiological techniques and by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Addition of 1.5 M-NaCl to cells grown at lower NaCl concentrations significantly increases the tolerance of cells to mild heat stress (56-62 degrees C). DSC thermograms show five main peaks which are shifted to higher temperatures in the presence of 1.5 M-NaCl. Measurement of loss of viability in the calorimeter gave good correlation between cell death and the first major thermogram peak at two NaCl concentrations. The time course of the loss of this first peak when cells were heated and held at 60 degrees C in the calorimeter matched the loss of viability, whereas the peak attributable to DNA showed little change during this process. The use of DSC to investigate the mechanisms involved in thermal inactivation is discussed.     

BOOK REVIEWS

DEPTH CHARTS OF THE CUMBRIAN LAKES. By A. E. Ramsbottom.
THE ALGAE (set nos. S7199, S7200, S7201). Educational Productions Ltd.
WEST AFRICAN FRESHWATER FISH. By M . Holden and W. Reed (1972).
TEXTBOOK OF FISH CULTURE: BREEDING AND CULTIVATION OF FISH. By M. Huet (1973).
THE INLAND WATERS OF TROPICAL AFRICA: AN INTRODUCTION TO TROPICAL LIMNOLOGY. By L. C. Beadle (1974).
TURBULENCE IN LAKES AND RIVERS. By I. R. Smith (1975).     

A review of the subgenus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carpelimus</Emphasis> s. str. (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae) from tropical Africa

A review of the subgenus Carpelimus (s. str.) from tropical Africa is given. The subgenus includes 10 species. A new species C. uhligi sp. n. is described, neotype of Trogophloeus insularis, Kraatz 1858 is designated. T. aequithorax Bernhauer, 1932 is placed in synonymy with C. dieganus (Fauvel, 1904); T. oculatus Wollaston, 1865 and T. meridioafricanus Scheerpeltz, 1974, with C. insularis (Kraatz, 1858), T. rudebecki Scheerpeltz, 1974 with C. memnonius (Erichson, 1840); T. yemenicus Coiffait, 1981 with C. niloticus (Erichson, 1840); T. nigerrimus Coiffait, 1935 and T. mimus Cameron, 1945, with C. rufitarsis (Fauvel, 1907); and T. bredoi Bernhauer, 1943, with C. transmarinus (Fauvel, 1907). Lectotypes of T. aequithorax, T. calidus, T. nigerrimus, and T. bredoi are designated. Twenty species are transferred from the genus Carpelimus, and the following new combinations are formed: Thinodromus brincki Scheerpeltz, 1972; Th. montiumdraconis Scheerpeltz, 1974; Th. rhodesianus Scheerpeltz, 1974; and Th. sudanensis Scheerpeltz, 1974 comb. nn.). The initial generic placement of Carpelimus luzidus Cameron, 1944 is restored.