骨形态发生蛋白7 在前列腺癌中的表达

目的:探讨骨形态发生蛋白( BMP-7)在前列腺癌组织中的表达及其与临床分期之间的关系.方法:应用免疫印迹法检测30例前列腺癌患者及30例前列腺良性增生患者前列腺组织中BMP-7的表达情况.结果:前列腺癌组织中BMP-7的表达显著高于前列腺良性增生组织,且BMP-7的表达随前列腺癌的临床分期、Gleason分级增高而增加.结论:BMP-7在前列腺癌中的表达明显增高,其表达量与临床分期相关,前列腺癌组织中BMP-7的表达增高提示预后不佳.     

重组骨形态发生蛋白-7在骨损伤疾病治疗中的研究进展

骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)是具有强诱骨活性的蛋白质因子,已通过基因工程技术在体外得到表达,较长时间以来不断被应用于骨损伤疾病的研究,得到了确切的治疗效果。通过载体将BMP-7基因转入真核细胞,与生物聚合载体复合后植入体内,能表达并分泌活性的BMP-7,诱导骨细胞的生成,促进骨组织的修复,成为一种新的有效的治疗手段。     

骨形态发生蛋白-7的研究进展

骨形态发生蛋白是近来研究较多的一种生物因子,属于TGF—β超家族的一员。最初发现的作用是异位诱导成骨,并根据这一特点应用于临床一些难治性骨缺损疾病的治疗。其成员BMP—7作为一种细胞因子,在与体内其他因子作用的基础上,对其他多种组织的发育及功能均有重要作用。     

表达重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7工程菌的发酵及表达产物的纯化

目的:研究表达重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7工程菌的发酵和表达产物的纯化工艺。方法:利用16L发酵罐发酵培养工程菌,设定了溶氧、搅拌速度、诱导时机、补料和培养基pH值等发酵条件;通过包涵体洗涤、离子交换层析法纯化目的蛋白。结果:工程菌目的蛋白质表达量占菌体总蛋白质的30%以上,纯化后目的蛋白的纯度可达98%。结论:建立了大肠杆菌高效表达人骨形态发生蛋白-7的发酵及纯化工艺。     

人骨形态发生蛋白7在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的表达研究

目的:构建重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7(rhBMP7)表达质粒,并研究其在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的表达。方法:将hBMP7重组表达质粒电转到中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)中,并用DOT-BLOT和ELISA方法分析检测rhBMP7在重组CHO细胞中的表达。结果:hBMP7 cDNA整合到CHO细胞基因组中并被转录。点杂交和ELISA检测证实rhBMP7在CHO细胞中得到表达。结论:hBMP7成功在CHO表达系统中得到表达。     

人骨形态发生蛋白7（hBMP7）在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

依据酵母密码子使用偏好性,利用重叠延伸PCR(OE-PCR)介导的定点突变方法,对人骨形态发生蛋白-7(human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7,hBMP7)成熟肽编码序列进行改造,将毕赤酵母低频使用的精氨酸密码子CGG或CGA突变为高频使用的同义密码子AGA,明显提高了hBMP7成熟肽在毕赤酵母中的表达量摇瓶培养表达量为25.45mg/L,是改造前序列的4.6倍;TricineSDS-PAGE及Western-blotting结果表明,rhBMP7成熟肽分子量为18kD,以单体形式存在,具有良好的免疫原性;利用梯度浓度G418筛选到一株高拷贝整合的转化子,该转化子摇瓶表达量为45.45mg/L,约为单拷贝转化子的2倍。表达上清经阳离子交换介质SPSepharoseR○FastFlow纯化后,目的蛋白纯度达到90%。纯化后的样品与I型胶原混合冻干后埋植于小鼠股部肌袋内,能异位诱导间充质细胞分化形成软骨细胞。     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7表达系统研究进展

骨形态发生蛋白-7（BMP-7）在胚胎发育、肾脏保护、骨形成、代谢、再生等各个方面发挥着重要的作用,现已进入了临床应用阶段。我们简要综述了重组人BMP-7（rhBMP-7）的原核表达系统及真核表达系统,并对各表达系统的优缺点进行了分析。     

离子交换色谱法对大肠杆菌表达的人重组骨形态发生蛋白-7的纯化

重组大肠杆菌高量表达重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7(rhBMP-7),每升培养液约得到湿菌体3g,其中目的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白量的40％。裂解离心,用低浓度变性剂洗涤初步纯化包涵体,上清中无目的蛋白损失;将包涵体溶解于高浓度变性剂溶液中,目的蛋白纯度提高到60％;然后在不同条件下用离子交换色谱法对变性状态下的蛋白质进行纯化,绝大部分杂蛋白被除去,目的蛋白纯度达95％以上;改变条件,可以减少rhBMP-7损失;用Western blot对目的蛋白进行特异性鉴定。     

骨形态发生蛋白在人类肿瘤组织中的表达

骨形态发生蛋白（Bone morphogenetic proteins,BMPs）是转录生长因子8（transforming growthfactors-β,TGFβ）家族成员之一。研究显示,BMPs在心、。肾、肺、骨骼、神经组织等胚胎发育中起着非常重要的作用,它可调控细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡及决定细胞的命运,并对不同组织其作用不同。有资料显示BMPs在某些消化系统肿瘤中的表达发生改变,提示BMPs可能在肿瘤发生中发挥作用,但它对呼吸系统的肿瘤和疾病是否也有作用,目前尚不清楚,故本实验拟研究BMPs在呼吸系统肿瘤及某些疾病中的表达情况,为进一步探讨它在肿瘤及某些疾病中的作用提供证据。     

骨形态发生蛋白-7真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

从转录水平上对原有载体进行改造,以期提高外源蛋白的表达量,为进一步研究改建载体后蛋白表达量奠定基础。将pBI—EGFP载体上的反应元件Pbi-1切下,连在pTet-On载体上PCMV的下游;然后将外源基因BMP-7重组到原有的pBI—EGFP载体内,进行酶切和序列鉴定。成功地构建了pTet—0n—Pbi-1载体和其核表达载体pBI／BMP—7。     

Expressions of inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and Smad7, are differentially regulated by TPA in human lung fibroblast cells

Smad6 and Smad7 are inhibitory Smads (I-Smads) with differential inhibitory effects on the regulation of the cellular signalings induced by TGF-beta superfamily. Here, we show that phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) down-regulates Smad6 mRNA expression and up-regulates Smad7 mRNA expression in IMR-90, a human lung fibroblast cell line. These regulations of I-Smads by TPA were suppressed by one PKC inhibitor (G?6983), but not by another (G?6976). TPA treatment had little effect on the phosphorylation of novel PKCs (PKCdelta and PKCepsilon), but specifically induced PKCmu phosphorylation, and this effect was inhibited by G?6983, but not by G?6976. Additionally, G?6983 but not G?6976 inhibited ERK- and JNK-phosphorylation as well as Smad7 promoter activity induced by TPA. MEK inhibitor U0126 inhibited the down-regulation of Smad6 mRNA expression but not the up-regulation of Smad7 mRNA expression. In contrast, JNK inhibitor SP600125 had no such effects. Luciferase reporter analysis revealed that TPA did not induce NF-kappaB activation. In addition, TPA up-regulated Smad7 expression in the presence of NF-kappaB inhibitor TLCK. These findings indicate that TPA down-regulates Smad6 expression presumably via PKCmu-ERK-dependent pathway and up-regulates Smad7 expression via PKCmu-dependent mechanism(s) which need no MAPK and NF-kappaB activation.     

Bone morphogenetic protein-7 and Gremlin: New emerging therapeutic targets for diabetic nephropathy

Specific therapies of diabetic nephropathy (DN) are not available, and current treatment strategies are limited to management of blood glucose levels and control of hypertension. The re-activation of developmental programs in DN suggests new potential therapeutic targets. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and its antagonist, Gremlin is revealed to be involved in renal development and diabetic nephropathy. This article reviews the changes of BMP-7 and Gremlin in diabetic kidney, the protective effects on diabetic nephropathy when targeting BMP-7 and Gremlin, and the possible mechanism. The reorganization of the re-activation of Gremlin and BMP-7 in diabetic kidney had shed light on the identification of novel therapeutic targets for DN.     

Roles and regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-7 in kidney development and diseases

The gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP7) is expressed in the developing kidney in embryos and also in the mature organ in adults. During kidney development, expression of BMP7 is essential to determine the final number of nephrons in and proper size of the organ. The secreted BMP7 acts on the nephron progenitor cells to exert its dual functions: To maintain and expand the progenitor population and to provide them with competence to respond to differentiation cues, each relying on distinct signaling pathways. Intriguingly, in the adult organ, BMP7 has been implicated in protection against and regeneration from injury. Exogenous administration of recombinant BMP7 to animal models of kidney diseases has shown promising effects in counteracting inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis evoked upon injury. Although the expression pattern of BMP7 has been well described, the mechanisms by which it is regulated have remained elusive and the processes by which the secretion sites of BMP7 impinge upon its functions in kidney development and diseases have not yet been assessed. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms will pave the way towards gaining better insight into the roles of BMP7, and to achieving desired control of the gene expression as a therapeutic strategy for kidney diseases.     

Dissection of inhibitory Smad proteins: both N- and C-terminal domains are necessary for full activities of Xenopus Smad6 and Smad7

Smad6 and Smad7 comprise a subclass of vertebrate Smads that antagonize, rather than transduce, TGF-β family signaling. These Anti-Smads can block BMP signaling, as evidenced by their ability to induce a secondary dorsal axis when misexpressed ventrally in Xenopus embryos. Smad7 inhibits additional TGF-β related pathways, and causes spina bifida when misexpressed dorsally. We have performed structure-function analyses to identify domains of Anti-Smads that are responsible for their shared and unique activities. We find that the C-terminal domain of Smad7 displays strong axis inducing activity but cannot induce spina bifida. The isolated N-terminal domain of Smad7 is inactive but restores the ability of the C-terminus to cause spina bifida when the two are co-expressed. By contrast, the N- and C-terminal domains of Smad6 have weak axis inducing activity when expressed individually, but show full activity when co-expressed. Chimeric analysis demonstrates that the C-terminal domain of Smad7, but not Smad6, can induce spina bifida when fused to the N-terminal domain of either Smad6 or Smad7. Thus, although the C-terminal domain is the primary determinant of the intrinsic activity of Xenopus Anti-Smads, the N-terminal domain is essential for full activity, is interchangeable between Smad6 and 7, and can function in trans.     

Smad pathway is activated in the diabetic mouse kidney and Smad3 mediates TGF-beta-induced fibronectin in mesangial cells

Activation of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) system has been implicated in the pathological changes of diabetic nephropathy such as renal hypertrophy and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were used to examine whether the Smad pathway, which transduces the TGF-beta signal, is activated in the diabetic kidney, employing Southwestern histochemistry with labeled Smad-binding element (SBE) oligonucleotides and immunoblotting of nuclear protein extracts for Smad3. Mouse mesangial cells were used to study the role of Smads in mediating the effects of high glucose and TGF-beta on fibronectin expression, using transient transfections of Smad expression vectors and TGF-beta-responsive reporter assays. By Southwestern histochemistry, the binding of nuclear proteins to labeled SBE increased in both glomeruli and tubules at 1, 3, and 6 weeks of diabetes. Likewise, immunoblotting demonstrated that nuclear accumulation of Smad3 was increased in the kidney of diabetic mice. Both increases were prevented by insulin treatment. In mesangial cells, high glucose potentiated the effect of low-dose TGF-beta1 (0.2ng/ml) on the following TGF-beta-responsive constructs: 3TP-Lux (containing AP-1 sites and PAI-1 promoter), SBE4-Luc (containing four tandem repeats of SBE sequence), and the fibronectin promoter. Additionally, Smad3 overexpression increased fibronectin promoter activity, an effect that was enhanced by high ambient glucose or treatment with TGF-beta1 (2ng/ml). The TGF-beta-stimulated activity of the fibronectin promoter was prevented by transfection with either a dominant-negative Smad3 or the inhibitory Smad7. We conclude that hyperglycemia activates the intrarenal TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway, which then promotes mesangial matrix gene expression in diabetic nephropathy.     

Smad7对Smad2、Smad3、Smad4核转位的抑制作用

研究人永生化支气管上皮BEP2D细胞中,作为Smad蛋白家族的抑制分子,Smad7对TGF-β信号通路中Smad2、Smad3、Smad4核转位的抑制作用.培养BEP2D细胞,瞬时转染Smad7真核表达载体pCISmad7.neo,TGF-β刺激,提取细胞核蛋白及总蛋白,用Western blot方法比较瞬时转染Smad7基因前后细胞核中Smad2、Smad3、Smad4蛋白表达的差异.结果,Smad3在TGF-b作用下有明显的核转位;转染Smad7后Smad3、Smad4的核转位显受到抑制.表明在BEP2D细胞中,Smad7对TGF-β/Smads信号通路的拮抗作用主要通过抑制Smad3的活化、Smad3/Smad4异源复合物的形成及核转位,从而拮抗TGF-β对细胞的生长抑制效应.     

Dissection of inhibitory Smad proteins: both N- and C-terminal domains are necessary for full activities of Xenopus Smad6 and Smad7

Smad6 and Smad7 comprise a subclass of vertebrate Smads that antagonize, rather than transduce, TGF-β family signaling. These Anti-Smads can block BMP signaling, as evidenced by their ability to induce a secondary dorsal axis when misexpressed ventrally in Xenopus embryos. Smad7 inhibits additional TGF-β related pathways, and causes spina bifida when misexpressed dorsally. We have performed structure-function analyses to identify domains of Anti-Smads that are responsible for their shared and unique activities. We find that the C-terminal domain of Smad7 displays strong axis inducing activity but cannot induce spina bifida. The isolated N-terminal domain of Smad7 is inactive but restores the ability of the C-terminus to cause spina bifida when the two are co-expressed. By contrast, the N- and C-terminal domains of Smad6 have weak axis inducing activity when expressed individually, but show full activity when co-expressed. Chimeric analysis demonstrates that the C-terminal domain of Smad7, but not Smad6, can induce spina bifida when fused to the N-terminal domain of either Smad6 or Smad7. Thus, although the C-terminal domain is the primary determinant of the intrinsic activity of Xenopus Anti-Smads, the N-terminal domain is essential for full activity, is interchangeable between Smad6 and 7, and can function in trans.