SUMO化修饰与早幼粒白血病蛋白核体形成

早幼粒白血病蛋白核体(promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies,PMLNBs)是哺乳动物细胞中普遍存在的一种亚核结构,广泛参与如转录调节、基因组稳定性维持、抗病毒、细胞凋亡、肿瘤抑制等一系列的生物学事件.SUMO(smallubiquitinmodifier)修饰是蛋白质翻译后修饰领域中的研究热点,SUMO修饰对PML核体的形成与降解都发挥着重要作用.近年来研究发现,人的E3泛素连接酶RNF4(RING finger protein4),可促进依赖SUMO-2/3修饰的PML核体的泛素化连接,并且ATO(三氧化二砷)可加速其对PML核体的降解.荧光共振能量转移(fluorescence resonance energy transfer,FRET)技术可完全应用于活细胞内PML核体和SUMO蛋白之间在时间和空间上的精确互作.因此,更深入地研究PML核体形成和降解的机理以及在这个过程中重要蛋白质之间的相互作用具有重要而深远的意义.     

红细胞分化因子诱导HL-60细胞排核过程中酪氨酸蛋白质磷酸化的改变

红细胞分化因子是从兔子网织红细胞中提出的一个蛋白因子,它可以使多种癌细胞株的生长受到抑制[1]．以早幼粒白血病细胞（HL-60）为材料,研究其被EDDF诱导过程中细胞内PTK,PTPP及它们底物磷酸化水平的变化．实验发现：部分纯化的EDDF对HL-60细胞生长有明显的抑制作用,经NBT还原和Giemsa染色,可见HL-60细胞被诱导出现排核．同时,细胞的PTK,PTPP酶活性有明显的变化,PTPP和PTK的底物蛋白在胞浆中酪氨酸蛋白磷酸化水平亦出现改变（但颗粒部分变化不明显）．     

维甲酸与星状孢子素联合分化诱导HL-60细胞过程中酪氨酸蛋白质磷酸化系统的变化

以人早幼粒白血病细胞株（HL-60）为材料,对维甲酸与星状孢子素联合诱导HL-60细胞过程中胞浆和膜部分的蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸化水平变化进行了研究．结果表明,诱导后2～24h范围内,TPK活力出现波动,随时间延长（24～27h）,胞浆部分TPK活力下降,膜溶脱部分TPK活力上升;PTPP活力明显升高且上升幅度比TPK大得多．利用抗P-tyr-BSA抗体分析底物含量变化的结果与相应时相的TPK和PTPP活力变化趋势一致．     

HL－60细胞诱导分化过程中TPK和PTPP活力的时空改变

对ＲＡ、ＨＨＴ和ＷＰ_（８５２）诱导ＨＬ－６０细胞分化过程中胞浆和膜溶脱部分中的ＴＰＫ和ＰＴＰＰ活力变化进行了研究．结果表明,在诱导早期,ＴＰＫ的活力就有明显的波动变化;随着诱导时间的延长,胞浆部分ＴＰＫ活力下降,膜溶脱部分的ＴＰＫ活力则升高．诱导后,胞浆部分和膜溶脱部分的ＰＴＰＰ活力均明显升高。与ＴＰＫ活力变化相比较,ＰＴＰＰ变化幅度比ＴＰＫ的大。     

中国棉铃虫单粒包埋核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白基因的序列分析

以AcMNPV的多角体蛋白基因为探针,定位了中国棉铃虫单粒包理核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV）的多用体蛋白基因。序列测定表明,HaSNPV的多角体蛋白基因编码区为738个核苷酸,编码246个氨基酸,预计蛋白质分子量为29kDa。同源性分析表明,HaSNPV与美洲棉铃虫单粒包理核型多角体病毒（HzSNPV）具有最高的同源性,在整个阅读框架中只有4个碱基的差异,其中第179位碱基的变化导致唯一的氨基酸变化,这种变化并未导致其二级结构的改变。此外,两种病毒该基因的启动子结构也完全一样。HaSNPV与其它的SNPV和MNPV的同源性明显要低。结果预示HaSNPV与HzSNPV可能为同种病毒的不同变种。     

HL－60细胞诱导分化过程中蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸化水平的改变

对ＲＡ、ＨＨＴ和ＷＢ_（６５２）诱导ＨＬ－６０细胞过程中,细胞浆和膜溶脱部分的蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸化水平变化进行了对比研究,结果发现,在胞浆部分主要有四种含有Ｐ－Ｔｙｒ的蛋白,而且８０ｋＤ蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平随着诱导发生变化。诱导前后内源性蛋白上Ｐ－Ｔｙｒ百分含量也发生了改变。     

维甲酸结合蛋白的分子可及性与该蛋白和配体相互作用的关系的研究

从蛋白质可及性分析的角度研究了ＥＲＡＢＰ与ＲＡ的相互作用模式,在原子水平和残基水平上计算了四个与维甲酸结合蛋白（ＥＲＡＢＰ）有关的分子的可及性,这四个分子是ＥＰＡ（无配体结晶生成的ＥＲＡＢＰ）,ＥＰＢ—ＲＡ（ＥＲＡＢ和配体雏甲酸ＲＡ,并对其进行分析比较。分析结果表明,ＲＡ在结合蛋白中采取β－芷香酮环向里,羧基端向外的构象形式;围绕结合部位有２４个残基;在结合配体ＲＡ时,在结合配体ＲＡ时,结合蛋白将发生构象变化,变化的结果是结合部位空穴的暴露程度增大。     

~（31）P－NMR谱在人急性早幼粒白血病HL－60细胞分化代谢研究中的应用

ＨＬ－６０细胞是目前研究诱导分化药物的常用细胞株,应用核磁共振~（３１）Ｐ谱,观察ＨＬ－６０细胞经分化诱导剂全反式维甲酸和新维甲类化合物ＳＬＭ９１２３作用前后的代谢改变,发现分化后的细胞对ＡＴＰ能量的需求明显增高,膜磷脂的合成前体──磷酸单酯也有明显增加,另外还发现分化后的细胞内ｐＨ值有从偏碱性转为偏酸性的趋势,文中对这些改变的可能机制作了探讨。     

热休克蛋白HSP70和gp96在抗病毒感染中的作用

热休克蛋白(HSP)是一组在进化上高度保守、具有重要生理功能的蛋白质家族,是生物在应激条件下产生的一种非特异性防御产物,在调节免疫应答和抗病毒反应中起重要作用。现简要介绍HSP70、gp96(HSP96,GRP94)这两种HSP与病毒感染的关系及在抗病毒感染中的作用。     

细胞自噬在病毒感染与免疫调节中的作用机制

细胞自噬(autophagy)是一种主要由溶酶体介导的降解通路,作为细胞维持内环境稳态的一种保护性机制,不仅通过将长寿命蛋白和衰老细胞器降解为小肽或氨基酸为细胞提供再生资源,而且也可作为防御机制抵抗病原微生物感染和寄生. 自噬缺失与许多疾病如癌症、心血管疾病等的发生关系密切,在机体生理、病理过程中发挥重要作用. 本文拟就细胞自噬与病毒感染、机体免疫的关系加以综述,以期为研究细胞自噬的发生、参与机体免疫、发挥抗病毒感染作用及其分子机制提供参考,也为进一步研究抗病毒治疗的靶标提供新思路.     

甲型流感病毒合并肺部感染与非病毒性肺部感染的表现及治疗分析

目的:通过与非病毒性肺部感染对比,分析甲型流感病毒合并肺部感染患者的常见临床实验检查及治疗效果,为经验性治疗甲型流感病毒提供一定依据。方法:选择2017年11月至2018年4月期间在我科接受治疗的已确诊存在甲型流病毒合并肺部感染(A组)及非病毒性肺感染(B组)各25例,对于确诊的甲型流感患者给予奥司他韦抗病毒治疗一周外,两组均正常给予常规抗感染治疗,对比两组患者的炎症指标白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、C-反应蛋白及治疗天数、住院天数、症状消失时间、不良反应发生率。结果:两组患者的CT检查表现无统计学差异(P0.05),A组患者的白细胞计数水平明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组患者的中性粒细胞比例及C反应蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者的治疗天数及住院天数差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者在体温恢复正常时间、咳嗽消失时间、肺部湿罗音消失时间、气促消失时间等比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组不良反应发生率为16.00%(4/25),B组不良反应发生率为12.00%(3/25),组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:甲型病毒性肺部感染常表现为血常规未见异常,常伴发不同程度炎症反应,除常规抗感染治疗外,口服抗病毒药物奥司他韦可促进疾病转归。     

The Role of Viral Infection in Inducing Variability in Virus-Free Progeny in Tomato

The effect of virus-host interactions on subsequent generations is poorly understood. The evaluation of the effects of viral infection on inheritance of quantitative traits in the progeny of infected plants and elucidation of a possible relationship between chiasma frequency in the infected plants and variability of traits in the progeny were investigated. The current study involved genotypes of four intraspecific hybrids of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), their parental forms and two additional cultivars. Used as infection were the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus X (PVX). The consequences of the effect of viral infection were evaluated based on chromosome pairing in diakinesis and/or by examining quantitative and qualitative traits in the progeny of the infected tomato plants. Tomato plants infected with TMV + PVX were found to differ in chiasma frequency per pollen mother cell or per bivalent. Deviations have been observed for genotypes of both F1 hybrids and cultivars. At the same time, differences in mean values of the traits under study have only been found for progeny populations (F2-F4) derived from virus-infected F1 hybrids, but not in the case of progeny of the infected cultivars. The rate of recombinants combining traits of both parents increased significantly (2.22-8.24 times) in progeny populations of hybrids infected with TMV + PVX. The above suggests that the observed effects could be the result of modification of recombination frequencies that can be manifested in heterozygous hybrids and make small contributions to variability in cases of 'homozygous' tomato genotypes (I.e. Cultivars).     

Integrin Activation and Viral Infection

Integrins are members of a ubiquitous membrane receptor family which includes 18 different α subunits and 8 β subunits forming more than 20 α/β heterodimers. Integrins play key functions in vascular endothelial cell and tumour cell adhesion, lymphocyte trafficking, tumor growth and viral infection. Current understanding of the molecular basis of integrins as viral receptors has been achieved through many decades of study into the biology of transmembrane glycoproteins and their interactions with several viruses. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge on the molecular bases of interactions between viruses and integrins, which are of potential practical significance. Inhibition of virus-integrin interactions at the points of virus attachment or entry will provide a novel approach for the therapeutic treatment of viral diseases.     

The Role of Viral Infection in Inducing Variability in Virus-Free Progeny in Tomato

The effect of virus-host interactions on subsequent generations is poorly understood. The evaluation of the effects of viral infection on inheritance of quantitative traits in the progeny of infected plants and elucidation of a possible relationship between chiasma frequency in the infected plants and variability of traits in the progeny were investigated. The current study involved genotypes of four intraspecific hybrids of tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L.）, their parental forms and two additional cultivars. Used as infection were the tobacco mosaic virus （TMV） and potato virus X （PVX）. The consequences of the effect of viral infection were evaluated based on chromosome pairing in diakinesis and/or by examining quantitative and qualitative traits in the progeny of the infected tomato plants. Tomato plants infected with TMV ＋ PVX were found to differ in chiasma frequency per pollen mother cell or per bivalent. Deviations have been observed for genotypes of both F1 hybrids and cultivars. At the same time, differences in mean values of the traits under study have only been found for progeny populations （F2-F4） derived from virus-infected F1 hybrids, but not in the case of progeny of the infected cultivars. The rate of recombinants combining traits of both parents increased significantly （2.22-8.24 times） in progeny populations of hybrids infected with TMV＋PVX. The above suggests that the observed effects could be the result of modification of recombination frequencies that can be manifested in heterozygous hybrids and make small contributions to variability in cases of ＇homozygous＇ tomato genotypes （i.e. cultivars）.     

The Nucleolus and Viral Infection

The nucleolus is a subnuclear structure of eukaryocytes. It was thought that nucleolus only participates in the biogenesis and processing of rRNA. However, more and more evidence shows that it has many other functions, such as tRNA precursor processing, stress sensing and it is also involved in gene silencing, senescence and cell cycle regulation. Here, we summarize the recent understandings about the nucleolar functions, the regulation of nucleolar localization of proteins and the role that the nucleolus p...     

Genomic Analysis of the Viral Population in Genital Secretions Early after Infection of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses in Macaque Monkeys

To clarify the change in the viral population during passage from the vaginal cavity to blood circulation and vice versa, we examined the viral clones detected in cells in vaginal washes (VWCs) early after inoculation and after systemic infection with polyclonal SIV. In two intravaginally inoculated monkeys, the viral clones found in VWCs at 18 days p.i. were shown to be some of those contained in the inoculum, whereas the viral population in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was a monotype. This gradual decrease of viral clones suggested the possible existence of two barriers, one at the genital tract and the other between the genital tract and the blood. Later, at one month p.i., the viral clones in VWCs became rather restricted, whereas those in PBMCs diverged from a single clone to several clones. This suggested that different mechanisms affect the viral populations in PBMCs and VWCs. In order to examine how the viral population was affected by passage from the blood to the vaginal cavity, a monkey was intravenously inoculated and the viral clones in VWCs were analyzed at 14 days p.i., at a time of the heterogeneous population in PBMCs. The viral population in VWCs was found to be a single clone and this clone was a minor type in PBMCs, suggesting that the major clone in PBMCs was not always secreted to the vaginal cavity.