人乳头瘤病毒6型L1基因的克隆及蛋白表达

目的：在大肠杆菌中表达经密码子优化的人乳头瘤病毒6型（HPV6）L1的融合蛋白。方法：PCR方法扩增HPV6 L1,基因,测序及序列比对后,对基因进行密码子优化并合成优化后的基因HPV6mLI,将其克隆入原核表达载体pGEX4T-1,IPTG诱导融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定表达产物。结果：酶切和测序结果证实HPV6 mL1基因的原核表达载体构建正确;以1mmol／L IPTG于37℃诱导4h,蛋白以包涵体形式表达;表达产物的相对分子质量与预期值一致,为80000。结论：获得大肠杆菌表达的HPV6L1蛋白,为其结构功能研究和疫苗研发提供了基础。     

金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A串联Z结构域的表达、纯化及其亲和填料制备

目的构建金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A(Staphylococcal Protein A,简称SPA或蛋白A),串联Z结构域的重组表达克隆,并实现在大肠杆菌中诱导表达,随后纯化获得重组蛋白,制备亲和填料.方法对目的基因进行元和表达的密码子优化,利用PCR扩增方法获得SPA的3个串联Z结构域,并在蛋白的N端加入组氨酸标签.将优化后的基因序列克隆到p ET43.1a(+)表达载体上,获得p ET43.1a(+)-SPA-3Z重组质粒;测序正确的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,通过亲和层析方法纯化表达的重组蛋白,并使用SDS-PAGE鉴定表达蛋白.将纯化获得的SPA纯品偶联到经环氧氯丙烷活化的Sepharose 6B Fast Flow凝胶上.使用兔多抗和腹水单抗对填料进行验证.结果成功构建p ET43.1a(+)-SPA-3Z克隆,纯化的SPA蛋白纯度高.成功将重组SPA偶联到经环氧氯丙烷活化的Sepharose 6B Fast Flow凝胶上.制备的填料在0.1mol/L的Na OH溶液里浸泡30小时,填料亲和性能未见明显变化,这为填料的长期使用提供了可能.将该填料用于抗体纯化,湿胶的多抗结合量可达22.7mg/ml,纯化的腹水单抗纯度在98%以上.结论本研究为SPA的大规模制备提供了基础.     

人乳头瘤病毒16型E7蛋白的原核表达与鉴定

本研究在大肠杆菌BL21中融合表达人乳头瘤病毒16型E7蛋白,并初步评价其应用价值。采用PCR技术扩增出HPV16E7基因,将其克隆进原核表达载体pGEX6p-1,转化至大肠杆菌BL21,利用IPTG进行诱导表达。以纯化的融合蛋白作为检测抗原建立间接ELISA方法,用于检测重组李斯特菌(Lm1-2-E7)免疫小鼠后的E7血清抗体水平。在25℃,0.5mM IPTG诱导下,HPV16E7蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中获得表达,融合蛋白以可溶性形式存在,Western blot结果显示其与HPV16E7单克隆抗体发生特异性反应。二次免疫后小鼠血清经间接ELISA结果表明E7特异性抗体滴度为1∶200。结果表明GST-E7融合蛋白具有较强的免疫活性。     

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的组成型表达、产物纯化及鉴定

将大肠杆菌(E.coli K12) S 腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(SAMS)基因克隆至质粒pBR322中,获得的重组质粒pBR322-SAMS转入大肠杆菌JM109菌株,构建了能高效组成型表达SAMS的重组菌E.coli JM109 (pBR322-SAMS)。将重组大肠杆菌破碎后上清液经20%~40%硫酸铵分级盐析、Phenyl-Sepharose Fast Flow疏水层析和Q Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析,即可得到纯度提高5倍,比活为48.7 μ/mg的SAMS,三步纯化的总回收率为62%,纯度达到92%。SAMS表达量为1 176μ/L,占到菌体可溶性总蛋白的20%。重组酶的最适反应pH为8.5,4℃下在pH 7.5的缓冲液中保温10h酶活性几乎不改变。重组酶反应的最适温度为55℃ ,酶活性稳定的温度范围为20~35℃。重组酶的KmL Met为0.22mmol/L,Vmax L-Met为1.07mmol/(L·h),Km ATP为0.52 mmol/L,Vmax ATP为1.05 mmol/( L·h)。     

HPV16重组减毒沙门氏菌表达质粒的构建及其诱导免疫

将人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)16 L1E7基因插入携带霍乱毒素基因的pET-CTA2B载体,获得HPV16L1E7与CTA2B融合表达质粒pET-L1E7CTA2B.在此基础上,通过PCR基因克隆技术,将pET载体的T7启动子与pTETnir15载体的大肠杆菌硝酸盐还原酶基因B启动子nirB进行分割重组,将nirB启动子的厌氧调控元件和启动子基本元件FNR-TATA盒与T7启动子的核糖体结合位点(SD)序列融合,形成nirB-T7杂合启动子.最后获得HPV16重组减毒沙门氏细菌疫苗表达载体pNir-16L1E7CTA2B,并进一步构建对照质粒pNir-16L1E7.Western blot结果证实以上质粒nirB-T7杂合启动子能够在沙门氏细菌中表达L1E7融合蛋白.口服免疫接种小鼠可成功诱导小鼠生殖道产生HPV16特异性粘膜免疫,且霍乱毒素CTA2B可以增强粘膜免疫诱导能力,为开发廉价有效的HPV16预防性疫苗打下了基础.     

hGH-双精氨酸C肽人胰岛素原基因的克隆表达及纯化研究

旨在提高基因重组人胰岛素在大肠杆菌中表达的稳定性及表达包涵体蛋白的复性水平.在人胰岛素原N端前融合人生长素N端的一段序列来充当前导肽,同时将C肽设计为两个精氨酸,分10段合成长链寡核苷酸链,利用重叠延伸PCR技术(SOE PCR)扩增得到该基因片段.与表达载体PET-30a连接,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达.表达的融合蛋白采用Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化,纯化后的蛋白经复性、冻干等步骤后用胰蛋白酶,羧肽酶B双酶切再过DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换柱,收集洗脱峰.对制备所得的胰岛素用SDS-PAGE,Western blot进行性质鉴定,及皮下注射小鼠测定生物活性.结果显示,目的蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中得到了表达,表达产物以不溶性包涵体形式纯在,约占大肠杆菌总蛋白的30%.经Ni-NTA亲和层析得到的重组蛋白纯度为85%,DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换纯化得到单组分胰岛素.Western Blot显示制备所得的胰岛素具有胰岛素免疫原性,皮下给药注射小鼠活性测定表明具有明显的降血糖活性.获得了一种高效生产基因重组人胰岛素的方法,为研究胰岛素类似物奠定了前期基础同时也为今后探索胰岛素的非注射给药途径提供了原料.     

人乳头瘤病毒11型L2NE7E6融合蛋白的原核表达及其诱发的T细胞免疫反应

目的:在原核表达系统中表达人乳头瘤病毒11型(HPV11)L2NE7E6融合蛋白,纯化蛋白后免疫小鼠,检测其诱发的T细胞免疫水平,并筛选HPV11 E6、E7特异的T细胞表位肽。方法:用重叠PCR方法构建HPV11L2NE7E6融合基因并插入原核表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白L2NE7E6,用SDS-PAGE和West-ern印迹鉴定融合蛋白的表达。Q柱纯化蛋白后免疫C57BL/6小鼠,分别用覆盖HPV11 E6和E7蛋白序列的肽库,采用酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测其诱发的E7、E6特异的T细胞免疫反应,并筛选E7、E6特异的T细胞表位肽。结果:在原核表达系统中有效表达了HPV11 L2NE7E6融合蛋白,蛋白纯化后免疫C57BL/6小鼠,分别能检测到针对HPV11 E6、E7肽库刺激产生的特异性T细胞免疫反应。经肽池筛选到1条强的E6 T细胞表位肽E6aa41-55(AEI-YAYAYKNLKVVW);而E7只筛选到2条弱的T细胞表位肽,分别为E7aa53-67(QILTCCCGCDSNVRL)和E7aa73-87(DGDIRQLQDLLLGTL)。结论:HPV11 L2NE7E6融合蛋白能诱发小鼠产生E6、E7特异性细胞免疫反应,可作为尖锐湿疣免疫治疗候选疫苗。     

人乳头瘤病毒16型E7密码子优化后的原核表达及免疫原性研究

目的构建人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)E7基因密码子优化后的原核表达系统,通过特异性抗体制备评价E7融合蛋白的免疫原性。方法人工合成优化后的HPV16 E7基因,利用特异引物扩增HPV16 E7基因。将E7基因连接至原核表达载体构建重组表达质粒pMAl-c2X-E7,转化至感受态细胞DE3后,经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE分析表达产物E7融合蛋白。纯化后的E7融合蛋白免疫动物,采用ELISA检测动物血清效价。结果 E7基因PCR产物的测序结果与优化后的目的基因序列比对一致。表达的E7融合蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析表明:在相对分子质量50 000处有特异性表达带,与预期相符。以E7融合蛋白制备的多克隆抗体其血清效价可达1∶64 000。结论成功构建的重组表达质粒pMAl-c2X-E7可有效表达MBP-E7融合蛋白,E7融合蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。     

HPV16重组减毒沙门氏菌表达质粒的构建及其诱导免疫

将人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)16 L1E7基因插入携带霍乱毒素基因的pET CTA2B载体,获得HPV16L1E7与CTA2B融合表达质粒pET L1E7CTA2B。在此基础上,通过PCR基因克隆技术,将pET载体的T7启动子与pTETnir15载体的大肠杆菌硝酸盐还原酶基因B启动子nirB进行分割重组,将nirB启动子的厌氧调控元件和启动子基本元件FNR TATA盒与T7 启动子的核糖体结合位点(SD)序列融合,形成nirB T7 杂合启动子。最后获得HPV16重组减毒沙门氏细菌疫苗表达载体pNir 16L1E7CTA2B,并进一步构建对照质粒pNir 16L1E7。Western blot结果证实以上质粒nirB T7杂合启动子能够在沙门氏细菌中表达L1E7 融合蛋白。口服免疫接种小鼠可成功诱导小鼠生殖道产生HPV16 特异性粘膜免疫,且霍乱毒素CTA2B可以增强粘膜免疫诱导能力,为开发廉价有效的HPV16预防性疫苗打下了基础。     

原核表达系统制备HPV58L1 VLP可诱发高滴度且持久的中和抗体

目的:采用大肠杆菌表达系统制备人乳头瘤病毒58型(human papillomavirus type 58,HPV58)病毒样颗粒(virus-like particle,VLP)疫苗。方法:合成法获得HPV58 L1大肠杆菌密码子优化基因,构建HPV58 L1重组原核表达质粒mpET22b/HPV58 L1,检测其在BL21(DE3)中表达水平,饱和硫酸铵沉淀加阳离子交换层析法纯化蛋白后进行动态光散射(dynamic light scatter,DLS)分析。小鼠免疫后,检测免疫血清针对HPV58假病毒的中和抗体水平。结果:HPV58 L1蛋白在BL21(DE3)细胞中大部分以可溶形式表达,纯化获得的HPV58 L1蛋白可组装成水动力学直径约为74 nm的VLP。0.5μg的HPV58 L1 VLP可诱发小鼠产生高滴度的HPV58特异性中和抗体,可维持至少20周。结论:原核表达系统制备的HPV58 L1 VLP可诱发高滴度且持久的中和抗体,可用于成本低的HPV58疫苗的研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.