蓼属一新种

草原蓼新种图１ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｒｅｎｉＣ．Ｌ．Ｗａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．ＡｆｉｎｅＰｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｖｉｖｉｐａｒｕｍＬ．,ｓｅｄｒａｃｅｍｉｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｉｓｃｏｎｓｔａｔｉｓｍｕｌｔｉｒａｃｅｍｉｓ,ｐｒｏｘｉｍｉｓｃａｐｉｔｕｌｉｓ,ｆｏｌｉ...     

中国蓼属分叉蓼组和冰岛蓼属植物叶下表皮微形态研究

采用光学显微镜对中国蓼属分叉蓼组(Polygonum section Aconogonon)和冰岛蓼属(Koenigia)的21种植物的叶下表皮微形态进行了观察研究。结果表明,其叶下表皮微形态特征可分为三种类型：（1）气孔器类型为无规则型,表皮细胞多边形,垂周壁为波状;（2）气孔器类型为无规则型兼有非典型不等型,表皮细胞为多边形或不规则形,垂周壁为平直弓形或波状;（3）气孔器类型为不等细胞型,表皮细胞多边形,垂周壁为平直弓形。分叉蓼组（西伯利亚蓼除外）植物的叶表皮气孔器类型具有高度一致性,说明该组是一个自然类群。本文研究结果不支持将大铜钱叶蓼(Polygonum forrestii Diels)、铜钱叶蓼(P. nummularifolium Meissner)划归于冰岛蓼属的处理意见;支持将西伯利亚蓼(P. sibiricum Laxm.)独立成属,即西伯利亚蓼属(Knorringia Tzvel.)的观点;同时也支持仍将多穗蓼(P. polystachyum Wall.ex Meissner)和松林蓼(P. pinetorum Hemsl.)归在分叉蓼组的处理意见。     

中国蓼属萹蓄组植物果实形态的研究

应用解剖镜和电子扫描显微镜对中国产蓼属萹蓄组Polygonum sect.Polygonum 16种1变种及1变型植物的果实形态进行了研究。发现该组5种一年生植物的果实具有两型性,即有长、短两种果实类型。短果类型为卵形,具三棱,包于宿存花被内或与花被近等长,呈黑褐色。在解剖镜下观察到其表面具小点、无光泽,而在电子扫描显微镜下观察到其表面具有散乱分布或排列成行的瘤状颗粒;长果类型为狭卵形,具三棱,长于宿存花被,黄褐色或淡黄绿色,在解剖镜下观察到其表面平滑、有光泽,而在电子扫描显微镜下观察到其表面上部具有散乱分布的瘤状颗粒,中、下部则具不规则洼点、星花状褶皱或浅波纹状。果实具两型性的植物有萹蓄P.aviculare、乌鲁木齐萹蓄P.urumqiense、展枝萹蓄P.patulum、直立萹蓄P.avicularef.erectum和尖果萹蓄P.rigidum。果实微形态可分为两种类型：1.果实表面无瘤状颗粒或疣状突起、有光泽,此类型又可以分为2种亚类型：（1）果实表面平滑、浅波纹状,如岩萹蓄P.cognatum、松叶萹蓄P.acerosum和帚萹蓄P.argyrocoleum;（2）果实表面具浅洼点或洼点,如铁马鞭P.plebeium和针叶萹蓄P.polycnemoides。2.果实表面有瘤状颗粒或疣状突起,无或具微光泽,此类型又可分为4种亚类型：（1）果实表面具疣状突起,如圆叶萹蓄P.intramongolicum.;（2）果实表面具散乱分布的瘤状颗粒,如普通萹蓄P.humifusum和展枝萹蓄的短果;（3）果实表面具有纵行排列的瘤状颗粒,如萹蓄和乌鲁木齐萹蓄的短果;（4）果实表面上部具散乱分布的瘤状颗粒,中、下部具不规则洼点、星花状褶皱或浅波纹状,如萹蓄、展枝萹蓄、直立萹蓄和尖果萹蓄的长果。因此果实两型性和果实微形态特征对蓼属萹蓄组种、变种的鉴定具有较大的分类学价值。基于果实微形态特征以及其他形态特征,确定了新种晖春萹蓄Polygonum huichunense F.Z.Li,Y.T.Hou＆C.Y.Qu,同时恢复褐鞘萹蓄Polygonum aviculareL.var.fusco-ochreatum（Kom.）A.J.Li为原种,即Polygonum fusco-ochreatum Kom.。     

青藏高原东缘的锈菌资料Ⅶ.蓼科植物上柄力属的新记载

本文报告了蓼科植物上的柄锈菌属二新种和一中国新记录种,它们是抱茎蓼Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｍｕｎ ａｍｐｌｅｘｉｃａｕｌｅ Ｄ．Ｄｏｎ上的巴克利柄锈菌Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｉａ ｂａｒｃｌａｙｉ Ｓ．Ａｈｍａｄ、牛皮消蓼Ｆａｌｌｏｐｉａ ｃｙｍａｎｃｈｏｉｄｅｓ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）Ｈａｒａｌｄ．上的宽乳柄锈菌Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｉａ ｌａｔｉｍａｍｍａ Ｊ．Ｙ．Ｚｈｕａｎｇ＆Ｓ．Ｘ．Ｗｅｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．以及蓝药蓼Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎｕ     

中国蓼属植物花粉形态的研究

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对国产44种2变种蓼属植物的花粉形态进行了观察。除了前人报道的31种外,其中15种为首次报道。本属花粉形态多类型,有球形、近球形、近扁球形、近长球形及长球形;从萌发孔来看,有三沟型、三孔沟型、散沟型及散孔形：外壁纹饰有颗粒-穿孔、微刺-穿孔、微刺-凹穴、细网状、皱块状及粗网状。根据这些特征将花粉划分为10种类型,其中西伯利亚蓼型(Sibir-icum-type)为本文首次提出。文中对本属的分类问题进行了探讨,不支持Steward(1930)将本属划分为8个组的意见,而认为应将本属划分为11个组。     

中国蓼属新分类群

本文发表了蓼属的几个新种,即：华南蓼ＰｏｌｙｇｎｕｍｈｕａｎａｎｅｎｓｅＡ．Ｊ．Ｌｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;湿地蓼ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｐａｒａｌｉｎｉｃｏｌａＡ．Ｊ．Ｌｉ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;珠芽支柱蓼ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｓｕｆｆｕｌｔｏｉｄｅｓＡ．Ｊ．Ｌｉ,Ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;紫脉蓼ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｐｕｒｐｕｒｅｏｎｅｒｒｏｓｕｍＡ．Ｊ．Ｌｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;华蓼ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｃａｔｈａｙａｎｕｍＡ．Ｊ．Ｌｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;一个变种,即园基长鬃蓼ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｌｏｎｇｉｓｅｔｕｍＤｅＢｒ．ｖａｒ．ｒｏｔｕｎｄａｔｕｍＡ．Ｊ．Ｌｉ,ｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ．     

中国蓼属头状蓼组植物叶表皮微形态及其分类学意义

采用光学显微镜对中国蓼属头状蓼组17种7变种植物的叶片下表皮微形态进行了观察研究,结果表明,其叶片下表皮微形态特征分为4种类型:(1)气孔器类型为无规则型,表皮细胞不规则形,垂周壁波状或深波状;(2)非典型不等型,偶有无规则型,表皮细胞多边形或不规则形,垂周壁弓形、波状或深波状;(3)平列型,表皮细胞不规则形,垂周壁深波状;(4)平列型兼有非典型不等型,表皮细胞不规则形,垂周壁波状。根据其叶片下表皮气孔器类型,结合该组植物形态、习性等特征,将中国蓼属头状蓼组植物划分为4个系,即掌裂叶系、多年生系、蓼子草系以及一年生直立系。     

中国安徽蓼科蓼属一新变种——圆基愉悦蓼

报道了安徽蓼属Polygonum一新变种——圆基愉悦蓼P.jucundumvar.rotundum Z.Z.Zhou＆Q.Y.Sun。新变种与原变种的区别在于：叶条状披针形,长4.5–9.0cm,宽0.5–0.9cm,基部圆形,近无柄;茎粗1.5–2.0mm。新变种在叶形上还与圆基长鬃蓼P.longisetum var.rotundatum A.J.Li相近,但其植株明显高,可达160cm,茎基部20–26节上生多数不定根,不定根长达10–16cm;花序的花梗长4–5mm,远伸出苞片外,易于区别。对新变种及其近缘种的花粉形态、花被片和瘦果微形态特征进行了扫描电镜比较观察。     

中国披碱草属二新种

硕穗披碱草新种图1 Elymus barystachyus L. B. Cai, sp. nov. (Sect. Turczaninovia Nevski)Species nova affinis E.breviaristato Keng, sed spicis densis, strictis et erectis; glumis lineari-lanceolatis, 7—10mm longis, flosculos primos subaequantibus bene differt. Perennis, radicibus fibrosis. Culmi laxe caespitosi vel solitarii, 50—80 cm alti, 2.5—4.5 mm in diam.,3—5nodis, nodo basale manifeste geniculato. Vaginae foliorum glabrae, basales saepe internodiis longiores; ligulae membranaceae, apice obtusae, circ.1mm longae; laminae complanatae, 7—22 cm longae,4—8mm latae, supra et infra glabrae. Spica erecta, subdensa, saepe purpurascens, 8—18 cm longa, 5—9mm lata; rhachis secus acies ciliata, internodiis generatim 4—8mm longis. Spiculae 2 in quoque nodo rhachis vel super     

中国冰岛蓼属植物花粉形态的研究

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对国产冰岛蓼属Koenigia L. 9种植物的花粉形态进行了观察。结果表明：花粉均为球形;直径为17.0-32.5 μm（包括刺长）;萌发孔有7(-8)赤道环沟、散沟、散孔;外壁纹饰均为刺状。根据萌发孔类型和外壁纹饰,将该属花粉划分为3种类型,即细冰岛蓼型（Delicatulum-type）、大连线冰岛蓼型（Forrestii-type）及冰岛蓼型（Koenigia-type）。细冰岛蓼型花粉的主要特征是具7(-8)赤道环沟,覆盖层无穿孔,外壁纹饰为显著的长刺状,此种类型的植物有细冰岛蓼K. delicatula （Meisn.） Hara。大连线冰岛蓼型花粉的主要特征是具12散沟,覆盖层无穿孔,外壁纹饰为显著的长刺状,此种类型的植物有大连线冰岛蓼K. forrestii (Diels) Měsíek & Soják 及连线冰岛蓼K. nummularifolia (Meisn.) Měsíek & Soják。冰岛蓼型花粉的主要特征是具15,20(-30)散孔,覆盖层无穿孔,外壁纹饰为显著的长刺状,此种类型的植物有冰岛蓼K. islandica L.、蓝蕊冰岛蓼K. cyanandra (Diels) Měsíek & Soják、线茎冰岛蓼K. nepalensis D. Don、柔毛蓼K. pilosa Maxim.、陕甘蓼K. hubertii (Lingelsh.) Měsíek & Soják及青藏蓼K. fertilis Maxim.。结果表明冰岛蓼属的花粉形态具有重要的分类学意义,研究结果支持Koenigia的属的地位,大铜钱叶蓼Polygonum forrestii Diels和铜钱叶蓼P. nummularifolium Meisn.应从蓼属分叉蓼组Polygonum L. sect. Aconogonon Meisn.中移入冰岛蓼属中,细冰岛蓼、蓝蕊冰岛蓼、青藏蓼、陕甘蓼、线茎冰岛蓼和柔毛蓼应从蓼属头状蓼组Polygonum L. sect. Cephalophilon Meisn.中移入冰岛蓼属中。     

中国杏属一新种

描述了中国杏属一新种,华仁杏(Armeniaca cathayanaD.L.Fu,B.R.Li et J.H.Li,sp.nov.)。该新种与杏(Armeniaca vulgarisLam.)和山杏(A.sibirica(L.)Lam.)相似,但又有其独特特征,主要区别如下:叶两面疏被短柔毛,边缘具单锯齿和重锯齿,基部全缘;叶柄无腺体;单花或2~3朵花簇生;子房密被白色长柔毛;果核三角状卵球形,腹缝线具5~7条锐纵棱,背缝线具1条浅纵沟;种子大,两侧压扁,种仁质脆,无苦味。该新种由傅大立于2008年7月11日在河北省涿鹿县发现并采集,模式标本存于中国林业科学研究院(CAF),标本号:No.2008071101。     

四川石斛属一新种

描述了四川夹江（兰科）石斛属植物一新种,即夹江石斛。     

峨眉山鸡矢藤属（茜草科）二新种

描述了四川峨眉山（茜草科）鸡矢藤属二新种,即峨眉鸡矢藤与长冠鸡矢藤。     

Two New Species of Rotifera from China

Two new rotifera species, Brachionus huangi n. sp. and Lecane chinesensis n. sp. are described and illustrated from different localities in China. The main distinguishing taxonomic features of B. huangi are three pairs of apical spines, a pair of symmetrical caudal spines and a wide caudal projection. For L. chinesensis, the main characteristics are the two-sided small extentions of the foot pseudosegment, the long and innercurved apical spines and ventral lorica anteriorly narrower than the dorsal one.     

Three new species in the genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae) from China

Three new species in Polygonum section Polygonum (Polygonaceae) from Xinjiang, China, are described and illustrated. Polygonum urumqiense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. aviculare L. in habit, but differs by having flowers densely clustered and spicate in the upper part of branches, stamens 5–6, and two types of achenes (the longer one densely and irregularly granulate on surface). Polygonum tachengense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. aviculare in the flowers not forming a raceme in the upper part of branches, the stamens 8, and the achenes striate-granulate on surface, but differs by the leaf blades linear-lanceolate, the midvein and lateral veins conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, the flowers 3–6 clustered together in the upper axils of branches. This species is also similar to P. patulum M. Bieb. in the erect stem, and the flowers 3–6 clustered together in the axils of the upper part of branches, but differs by the midvein and lateral veins of leaves conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, the leaves in the upper part of branches not becoming smaller gradually, and the flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches not forming a raceme, and the achenes striate-granulate on surface. Polygonum shiheziense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou & F. J. Lu is similar to P. argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze in the erect stem, the 3–6 flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches, the stamens 8, and the slightly smooth achenes, but differs by the midvein and lateral veins of leaves conspicuously raising abaxially, the ochreae longer, up to 1.1 cm, 15–20-veined, and the flowers clustered in the upper axils of branches not forming a raceme. This species is also similar to P. tachengense in habit, but differs in the leaves borne in the upper part of branches becoming smaller gradually and the smooth, slightly shiny achenes. The pollen morphology, leaf epidermal characters and achene micromorphology of the three new species and their relatives were comparatively observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

峨眉山玉叶金花属一新种

描述了四川峨眉山茜草科（玉叶金花属）一新种,即峨眉玉叶金花。     

云南西部香竹属一新种

发表了产于云南西部的香竹属一新种御香竹(Chimonocalamus cibarius Yi et J. Y. Shi)。     

中国蓼属(蓼科)三新种

描述了中国新疆蓼科Polygonaceae蓼属萹蓄组Polygonum section Polygonum 3新种。乌鲁木齐萹蓄P. urumqiense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu在体态上与萹蓄P. aviculare L.很相近, 但花在枝上部叶腋簇生成穗状花序, 雄蕊5–6枚, 瘦果两型, 长果表面密具不规则排列的小点, 易于区别。塔城萹蓄P. tachengense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu在枝上部的花不形成总状花序, 雄蕊8枚, 瘦果表面具成行的小点等方面与萹蓄近缘, 其区别在于3–6花仅簇生于枝上部叶腋, 叶片条状披针形, 背面主、侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘较长, 约达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉; 又因其茎直立, 花簇生于枝上部叶腋而与展枝萹蓄P. patulum M. Bieb.相近, 其区别在于叶背面中脉和侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘较长, 达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉, 枝上部的叶不渐小, 花在枝上部叶腋簇生, 不形成总状花序, 瘦果表面具成行的小点。石河子萹蓄Polygonum shiheziense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu茎直立, 花3–6朵簇生于枝上部叶腋, 雄蕊8枚, 瘦果表面光滑, 略具光泽, 与帚萹蓄P. argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze相近, 区别在于叶背面中脉和侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘长, 达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉, 花在枝上部叶腋簇生, 不形成总状花序; 同时在体态上又与塔城萹蓄十分相近, 但其枝上部的叶逐渐变小,瘦果表面光滑, 略具光泽,易于区别。对3个新种及其近缘种的花粉形态、叶表皮特征和瘦果微形态进行了光镜和扫描电镜比较观察。