Role of membrane transport of water and glycerol in the freeze tolerance of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Overwintering larvae of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis accumulate glycerol and are freezing tolerant to about -25 degrees C. However, non-diapausing larvae cannot accumulate glycerol and are killed by freezing. We compared the extent of tissue damage, the effects of glycerol concentration, and the transport of glycerol and water in fat body tissues from these larvae at selected freezing temperatures. Tissues from overwintering larvae, but not non-diapausing larvae, survive when frozen at -20 degrees C with 0.25 M glycerol, but the protection afforded by glycerol is offset by the water-channel inhibitor mercuric chloride. Glycerol in higher concentration (0.75 M) affords some protection even to the fat body of non-diapausing larvae. Radiotracer assays of overwintering larvae show that water leaves the tissues during freezing while glycerol enters, and that mercuric chloride disrupts this process. Transport is also disrupted after lethal freezing at -35 degrees C. Therefore, membrane transport of water and glycerol is involved in the avoidance of freezing injury to fat body cells of the rice stem borer, apparently by mediating the replacement of water with glycerol in freezing-tolerant tissues.     

The complete mitochondrial genome of the fall webworm,Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was determined. The genome is a circular molecule 15 481 bp long. It presents a typical gene organization and order for completely sequenced lepidopteran mitogenomes, but differs from the insect ancestral type for the placement of tRNA^Met. The nucleotide composition of the genome is also highly A + T biased, accounting for 80.38%, with a slightly positive AT skewness (0.010), indicating the occurrence of more As than Ts, as found in the Noctuoidea species. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons, except for COI, which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon as observed in other lepidopterans. Four of 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete termination codon, T or TA. All tRNAs have a typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNAs, except for tRNA^Ser(AGN), the DHU arm of which could not form a stable stem-loop structure. The intergenic spacer sequence between tRNA^Ser(AGN) and ND1 also contains the ATACTAA motif, which is conserved across the Lepidoptera order. The H. cunea A+T-rich region of 357 bp is comprised of non-repetitive sequences, but harbors several features common to the Lepidoptera insects, including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like (AT)₈ element preceded by the ATTTA motif, an 11 bp poly-A present immediately upstream tRNA^Met. The phylogenetic analyses support the view that the H. cunea is closerly related to the Lymantria dispar than Ochrogaster lunifer, and support the hypothesis that Noctuoidea (H. cunea, L. dispar, and O. lunifer) and Geometroidea (Phthonandria atrilineata) are monophyletic. However, in the phylogenetic trees based on mitogenome sequences among the lepidopteran superfamilies, Papillonoidea (Artogeia melete, Acraea issoria, and Coreana raphaelis) joined basally within the monophyly of Lepidoptera, which is different to the traditional classification.     

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the giant silkworm moth, Eriogyna pyretorum (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Eriogyna pyretorum (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) was determined as being composed of 15,327 base pairs (bp), including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The arrangement of the PCGs is the same as that found in the other sequenced lepidopteran. The AT skewness for the E. pyretorum mitogenome is slightly negative (-0.031), indicating the occurrence of more Ts than As. The nucleotide composition of the E. pyretorum mitogenome is also biased toward A + T nucleotides (80.82%). All PCGs are initiated by ATN codons, except for cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 2 (cox1 and cox2). Two of the 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete termination codon by T. All tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNA, with the exception of trnS1(AGN) and trnS2(UCN). Phylogenetic analysis among the available lepidopteran species supports the current morphology-based hypothesis that Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, Notodontidea, Papilionoidea and Pyraloidea are monophyletic. As has been previously suggested, Bombycidae (Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina), Sphingoidae (Manduca sexta) and Saturniidae (Antheraea pernyi, Antheraea yamamai, E. pyretorum and Caligula boisduvalii) formed a group.     

The complete mitochondrial genome of the damsel bug Alloeorhynchus bakeri (Hemiptera: Nabidae)

The complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the damsel bug, Alloeorhynchus bakeri, has been completed and annotated in this study. It represents the first sequenced mitochondrial genome of heteropteran family Nabidae. The circular genome is 15, 851 bp in length with an A+T content of 73.5%, contains the typical 37 genes that are arranged in the same order as that of the putative ancestor of hexapods. Nucleotide composition and codon usage are similar to other known heteropteran mitochondrial genomes. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) use standard initiation codons (methionine and isoleucine), except COI, which started with TTG. Canonical TAA and TAG termination codons are found in eight protein-coding genes, the remaining five (COI, COII, COIII, ND5, ND1) have incomplete termination codons (T or TA). PCGs of two strands present opposite CG skew which is also reflected by the nucleotide composition and codon usage. All tRNAs have the typical clover-leaf structure, except the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of tRNA(Ser (AGN))which forms a simple loop as known in many other metazoa. Secondary structure models of the ribosomal RNA genes of A. bakeri are presented, similar to those proposed for other insect orders. There are six domains and 45 helices and three domains and 27 helices in the secondary structures of rrnL and rrnS, respectively. The major non-coding region (also called control region) between the small ribosomal subunit and the tRNA(Ile )gene includes two special regions. The first region includes four 133 bp tandem repeat units plus a partial copy of the repeat (28 bp of the beginning), and the second region at the end of control region contains 4 potential stem-loop structures. Finally, PCGs sequences were used to perform a phylogenetic study. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses highly support Nabidae as the sister group to Anthocoridae and Miridae.     

Geographical variation in female sex pheromones of the rice leaffolder moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis: identification of pheromone components in Japan

Sex pheromone components of the Japanese rice leaffolder moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were identified from ovipositor extracts of virgin females as (Z)-11-octadecenal, (Z)-13-octadecenal, (Z)-11-octadecen-1-ol and (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol at a ratio of 11:100:24:36 by GC-EAD, GC, GC-MS. The total amount was estimated to be ca.0.9 ng/female. Field bioassays in Kagoshima, Japan, showed that the two aldehydes are essential for male attraction and the alcohols may have a synergistic effect on the aldehydes. A rubber septum containing 0.9 mg of the four components at the natural ratio was shown to be an effective lure for monitoring this pest in Japan. The above four components are quite different from the sex pheromone components reported previously for the same species of either Philippine or Indian origin; components were shown to be (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate and (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate at a ratio of 98:2 in the Philippine blend and 1:10 in the Indian blend. Furthermore, in the field tests in Japan, neither the Philippine blend nor the Indian blend showed any attractive activity, while the Japanese blend attracted significant numbers of male moths. These results suggest that there are remarkable geographical variations in the sex pheromone composition of this species or there are several distinct species using different sex pheromone blends.     

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from China

Sparganosis, caused by the plerocercoid larvae of members of the genus Spirometra, can cause significant public health problem and considerable economic losses. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei from China was determined, characterized and compared with that of S. erinaceieuropaei from Japan. The gene arrangement in the mt genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei from China and Japan is identical. The identity of the mt genomes was 99.1% between S. erinaceieuropaei from China and Japan, and the complete mtDNA sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei from China is slightly shorter (2 bp) than that from Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of S. erinaceieuropaei with other representative cestodes using two different computational algorithms [Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML)] based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes, revealed that S. erinaceieuropaei is closely related to Diphyllobothrium spp., supporting classification based on morphological features. The present study determined the complete mtDNA sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei from China that provides novel genetic markers for studying the population genetics and molecular epidemiology of S. erinaceieuropaei in humans and animals.     

Evolution of multipartite mitochondrial genomes in the booklice of the genus Liposcelis (Psocoptera)

Background

The genus Liposcelis (Psocoptera: Troctomorpha) has more than 120 species with a worldwide distribution and they pose a risk for global food security. The organization of mitochondrial (mt) genomes varies between the two species of booklice investigated in the genus Liposcelis. Liposcelis decolor has its mt genes on a single chromosome, like most other insects; L. bostrychophila, however, has a multipartite mt genome with genes on two chromosomes.

Results

To understand how multipartite mt genome organization evolved in the genus Liposcelis, we sequenced the mt genomes of L. entomophila and L. paeta in this study. We found that these two species of booklice also have multipartite mt genomes, like L. bostrychophila, with the mt genes we identified on two chromosomes. Numerous pseudo mt genes and non-coding regions were found in the mt genomes of these two booklice, and account for 30% and 10% respectively of the entire length we sequenced. In L. bostrychophila, the mt genes are distributed approximately equally between the two chromosomes. In L. entomophila and L. paeta, however, one mt chromosome has most of the genes we identified whereas the other chromosome has largely pseudogenes and non-coding regions. L. entomophila and L. paeta differ substantially from each other and from L. bostrychophila in gene content and gene arrangement in their mt chromosomes.

Conclusions

Our results indicate unusually fast evolution in mt genome organization in the booklice of the genus Liposcelis, and reveal different patterns of mt genome fragmentation among L. bostrychophila, L. entomophila and L. paeta.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-861) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Mitochondrial phylogenomics and genetic relationships of closely related pine moth (Lasiocampidae: Dendrolimus) species in China,using whole mitochondrial genomes

Background

Pine moths (Lepidoptera; Bombycoidea; Lasiocampidae: Dendrolimus spp.) are among the most serious insect pests of forests, especially in southern China. Although COI barcodes (a standardized portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) can distinguish some members of this genus, the evolutionary relationships of the three morphospecies Dendrolimus punctatus, D. tabulaeformis and D. spectabilis have remained largely unresolved. We sequenced whole mitochondrial genomes of eight specimens, including D. punctatuswenshanensis. This is an unambiguous subspecies of D. punctatus, and was used as a reference for inferring the relationships of the other two morphospecies of the D. punctatus complex. We constructed phylogenetic trees from this data, including twelve published mitochondrial genomes of other Bombycoidea species, and examined the relationships of the Dendrolimus taxa using these trees and the genomic features of the mitochondrial genome.

Results

The eight fully sequenced mitochondrial genomes from the three morphospecies displayed similar genome structures as other Bombycoidea species in terms of gene content, base composition, level of overall AT-bias and codon usage. However, the Dendrolimus genomes possess a unique feature in the large ribosomal 16S RNA subunits (rrnL), which are more than 60 bp longer than other members of the superfamily and have a higher AC proportion. The eight mitochondrial genomes of Dendrolimus were highly conservative in many aspects, for example with identical stop codons and overlapping regions. But there were many differences in start codons, intergenic spacers, and numbers of mismatched base pairs of tRNA (transfer RNA genes).Our results, based on phylogenetic trees, genetic distances, species delimitation and genomic features (such as intergenic spacers) of the mitochondrial genome, indicated that D. tabulaeformis is as close to D. punctatus as is D. punctatus wenshanensis, whereas D. spectabilis evolved independently from D. tabulaeformis and D. punctatus. Whole mitochondrial DNA phylogenies showed that D. spectabilis formed a well-supported monophyletic clade, with a clear species boundary separating it from the other congeners examined here. However, D. tabulaeformis often clustered with D. punctatus and with the subspecies D. punctatus wenshanensis. Genetic distance analyses showed that the distance between D. tabulaeformis and D. punctatus is generally less than the intraspecific distance of D. punctatus and its subspecies D. punctatus wenshanensis. In the species delimitation analysis of Poisson Tree Processes (PTP), D. tabulaeformis, D. punctatus and D. punctatus wenshanensis clustered into a putative species separated from D. spectabilis. In comparison with D. spectabilis, D. tabulaeformis and D. punctatus also exhibit a similar structure in intergenic spacer characterization. These different types of evidence suggest that D. tabulaeformis is very close to D. punctatus and its subspecies D. punctatus wenshanensis, and is likely to be another subspecies of D. punctatus.

Conclusions

Whole mitochondrial genomes possess relatively rich genetic information compared with the traditional use of single or multiple genes for phylogenetic purposes. They can be used to better infer phylogenetic relationships and degrees of relatedness of taxonomic groups, at least from the aspect of maternal lineage: caution should be taken due to the maternal-only inheritance of this genome. Our results indicate that D. spectabilis is an independent lineage, while D. tabulaeformis shows an extremely close relationship to D. punctatus.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1566-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

二化螟piggyBac类转座子的克隆与分析

piggyBac转座子是DNA型转座子, 广泛分布于生物体内。基于piggyBac转座子超家族成员IFP2开发的转基因工具载体是目前转基因研究中使用最广泛的载体之一, 因此piggyBac转座子的研究受到广泛的关注和重视。本文是对二化螟Chilo suppressalis内源性piggyBac类转座子（piggyBac-like element, CsuPLE）的首次报道。克隆的CsuPLE（GenBank登录号： JX392388）全长2 537 bp, 包含一个长1 914 bp的完整开放阅读框（open reading frame, ORF）, 编码含637个氨基酸残基的转座酶, 转座酶中含有piggyBac家族保守的“DDD-domain”。CsuPLE全长序列具有完全对称的13 bp反向末端重复序列（inverted terminal repeats, ITRs）以及非完全对称的21 bp内部重复序列（internal repeats, IRs）, 在二化螟基因组上插入在特征性的“TTAA”靶位点重复（target site duplication, TSD）处。在我国地理跨度很大的不同二化螟种群中均存在结构完整的CsuPLE序列。本研究结果为深入研究piggyBac转座子的结构与功能的关系提供了新的素材, 也为评价利用转座子载体系统在二化螟体内进行转基因操作的可行性和安全性提供了重要的理论基础。     

The complete mitochondrial genome of Eterusia aedea (Lepidoptera,Zygaenidae) and comparison with other zygaenid moths

Zygaenidae comprises >1036 species, including many folivorous pests in agriculture. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of a major pest of tea trees, Eterusia aedea was determined. The 15,196-bp circular genome contained the common set of 37 mitochondrial genes (including 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and exhibited the similar genomic features to reported Zygaenidae mitogenome. Comparative analyses of Zygaenidae mitogenomes showed a typical evolutionary trend of lepidopteran mitogenomes. In addition, we also investigated the gene order of lepidopteran mitogenomes and proposed that the novel gene order trnA-trnR-trnN-trnE-trnS-trnF from Zygaenidae and Gelechiidae and most other gene rearrangements of this tRNA cluster evolved independently. Finally, the mitogenomic phylogeny of Lepidoptera was reconstructed based on multiple mitochondrial datasets. And all the phylogenetic results revealed the sister relationships of Cossoidea and Zygaenoidea with both BI and ML methods, which is the first stable mitogenomic evidence for this clade.     

Review of the genus Merulempista Roesler, 1967 (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) from China, with description of two new species

The genus Merulempista Roesler, 1967 is reviewed for China. Of the four species treated in this paper, Merulempista rubriptera Li & Ren, sp. n. and Merulempista digitata Li & Ren, sp. n. are described as new; Merulempista cyclogramma (Hampson, 1896) is newly recorded for China, and its taxonomic position is briefly discussed. Photographs of the adults and genitalia are provided, along with a key to the known Chinese species.     

Five small heat shock protein genes from Chilo suppressalis: characteristics of gene, genomic organization, structural analysis, and transcription profiles

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are the most diverse but also the most poorly known family of molecular chaperones, and they play essential roles in various biological processes. The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is one of the most serious pests of rice, causing extensive damage and yield loss. In this study, we isolated and characterized five members of the sHSPs family—Cshsp19.8, Cshsp21.4, Cshsp21.5, Cshsp21.7a, and Cshsp21.7b—from C. suppressalis. The cDNAs of these genes encoded proteins of 177, 187, 191, 191, and 191 amino acids with isoelectric points of 7.0, 5.6, 6.1, 6.3, and 6.3, respectively. While Cshsp19.8, Cshsp21.5, and Cshsp21.7b had no introns, Cshsp21.4 and Cshsp21.7a contained one and two introns, respectively. Structural analysis indicated that all five Cshsps possessed conserved arginine and a V/IXI/V motif, which is related to hydrophobic characteristics of sHSPs. The five heat shock proteins can be classified into two main groups: an orthologous type (Cshsp21.4 and Cshsp21.7a) and a species-specific type (Cshsp19.8, Cshsp21.5, and Cshsp21.7b). Real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that Cshsp19.8, Cshsp21.5, Cshsp21.7a, and Cshsp21.7b all exhibited their highest expression levels within Malpighian tubules or the hindgut, while such levels were found in the head for Cshsp21.4. The expression of Csshsps at different developmental stages revealed that the mRNA levels of Cshsp19.8, Cshsp21.4, Cshsp21.5, and Cshsp21.7b peaked in adults, whereas the highest level of Cshsp21.7a was observed in first instar larvae. Cshsp19.8 and Cshsp21.7b were both upregulated dramatically by heat and cold, and Cshsp21.5 could be induced by cold stress. Neither Cshsp21.4 nor Cshsp21.7a responded to heat or cold. These results demonstrated that different Csshsps play distinctive roles in the regulation of the physiological activities in C. suppressalis.     

温度胁迫对二化螟滞育幼虫生理指标的影响

为从生理生化水平上探讨二化螟滞育幼虫应对温度胁迫的生理机制,分别对系列温度胁迫(STS)和梯度温度胁迫(GTS)处理后的幼虫水、脂质、总糖、小分子碳水化合物含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行了测定.结果表明:随着温度的降低,两种处理二化螟滞育幼虫虫体含水量趋于减少,且0℃以下时GTS处理下降幅度较STS处理显著;两种处理脂质含量均逐步下降且二者间无显著差异;两种处理总糖含量分别先减后增和持续下降,均检测出4种小分子碳水化合物,其中STS处理葡萄糖、甘油和果糖含量先增后减,海藻糖含量变化与此相反,而GTS处理海藻糖含量先减后增,葡萄糖和甘油含量呈相反变化,果糖含量无变化;14～-14℃范围内STS处理SOD和POD活性较GTS处理低,CAT活性相反.二化螟滞育幼虫生理指标的变化反映了其应对不同温度胁迫的生理响应.     

Antioxidant responses of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae exposed to thermal stress

High temperatures cause a variety of physiological stress responses in insects, including increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause oxidative damage. This study investigated the effects of thermal stress on ROS generation, the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) at the mRNA and protein levels, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), and apoptosis in hemocytes of Chilo suppressalis larvae. Results indicated that thermal stress significantly elevated the level of ROS and antioxidant enzyme activity in C. suppressalis larvae. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that hsp70 gene expression was induced by heat stress. Flow cytometric results revealed that the expression profile of Hsp70 at the protein level was in agreement with that at the mRNA level. The expression of Hsp70 at both the mRNA and protein levels reached a maximum at 36 °C in larval hemocytes. Exposure to tested temperatures did not cause any significant change in the rate of apoptosis in larval hemocytes. These results suggest that thermal stress leads to oxidative stress and that antioxidant enzymes and the Hsp70 play an important role in reducing oxidative damage in C. suppressalis larvae.     

Mutation in acetylcholinesterase1 associated with triazophos resistance in rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Two full-length genes encoding different acetylcholinesterases (AChEs), designated as Ch-ace1 and Ch-ace2, were cloned from strains of the rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) susceptible and resistant to the organophosphate insecticide triazophos. Sequence analysis found an amino acid mutation A314S in Ch-ace1 (corresponding to A201 in Torpedo californica AChE) that was consistently associated with the occurrence of resistance. This mutation removed an MspA1 I restriction site from the wild type allele. An assay based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was developed to diagnose A314S genotypes in field populations. Results showed a strong correlation between frequencies of the mutation and phenotypic levels of resistance to triazophos. The assay offers a prospect for rapid monitoring of resistance and assisting with the appropriate choice of insecticide for combating damage caused by C. suppressalis.     

稻纵卷叶螟肠道细菌群落结构与多样性分析

【目的】为明确水稻主要害虫稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)幼虫肠道细菌的群落结构和多样性。【方法】利用Illumina Mi Seq技术对稻纵卷叶螟4龄幼虫肠道细菌的16S r DNA V3-V4变异区序列进行测序,应用USEARCH和QIIME软件整理和统计样品序列数和操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数量,分析4龄幼虫肠道细菌的物种组成、丰度和多样性。【结果】稻纵卷叶螟4个数量不同的4龄幼虫样本(1,2,3和5头)共得165 386条reads,在97%相似度下可将其聚类为604个OTUs。总共注释到22个门,43个纲,82个目,142个科,204个属,244个种。其中在门水平上,主要优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(相对丰度26%~34%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(23%~32%);在纲水平上,主要优势菌为放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)(相对丰度23%~32%)、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)(9%~11%)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)(10%~13%)、β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)(6%~8%)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)(6%~12%);在科水平上,共有优势菌为类诺卡氏菌科(Nocardioidaceae)、丛毛单胞菌科(Comamonadaceae)、黄单胞菌科(Xanthomonadaceae)、鞘脂单胞菌科(Sphingomonadaceae)和芽单胞菌科(Gemmatimonadaceae)等。在属水平上,4个样本前5位优势属中,类诺卡氏属Nocardioides和鞘脂单胞菌Sphingomonas为共有优势属。稻纵卷叶螟肠道细菌Simpson指数、Shannon指数、Ace指数和Chao指数分别为0.16~0.65,0.94~3.22,212~488和210~490。【结论】稻纵卷叶螟幼虫肠道细菌多样性比较丰富,个体间微生物群落结构和多样性有差异。不同数量样本数据与总体数据有助于综合反映稻纵卷叶螟种群肠道微生物状况。本研究结果为进一步研究稻纵卷叶螟肠道微生物的功能及其在防治中的应用奠定了基础。     

Taxonomic study of the genus Prorophora Ragonot, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) in China, with description of a new species

The genus Prorophora Ragonot, 1887 is newly recorded for China. Of the three species treated here, Prorophora (Reisserempista) binacanthasp. n. is described as new; Prorophora (Prorophora) albidogilvella Roesler, 1970 and Prorophora (Reisserempista) mongolica Roesler, 1970 are diagnosed and newly recorded for China. Images of adults and illustrations of genital structures are provided, along with a key to the known species.     

温度对稻纵卷叶螟再迁飞能力的影响

利用计算机控制的飞行磨系统测定了温度对稻纵卷叶螟飞行以及再迁飞能力的影响。结果表明,在未交配条件下,20—29℃范围内成虫均能进行正常的飞行活动,且雌、雄个体的飞行能力没有显著差异。26℃条件下成虫的飞行时间最长、飞行速度最快、飞行距离最远,种群的再迁飞比例最高,再迁飞次数最多(平均2.42次,最多5次);其它3个温度下大多数个体仅能完成一次连续飞行,无法进行再次飞行。虽然20、23℃和29℃下成虫的平均再迁飞次数(分别为0.53、0.81和0.75次)、再迁飞比例没有显著差异,但对飞行行为产生不同的影响。低温显著降低了成虫的飞行速度;而高温下成虫飞行后的死亡率大大增加,表现为29℃下个体的存活率明显低于其它温度。