基于"经筋理论"针刀治疗对早中期膝骨关节炎患者骨代谢指标和血清TIMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-13的影响

摘要 目的：探讨基于"经筋理论"针刀治疗对早中期膝骨关节炎（KOA）患者骨代谢指标和血清金属蛋白酶抑制物-1（TIMP-1）、基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-3、MMP-13的影响。方法：根据随机数字表法,将2021年1月至2023年1月期间就诊于新疆医科大学附属第一医院的120例早中期KOA患者分为对照组（n=60,常规治疗）和研究组（n=60,对照组的基础上接受"经筋理论"针刀治疗）。对比两组疗效、量表评分[疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎调查表（WOMAC）]、骨代谢指标[抗酒石酸盐酸性磷酸酶异构体（TRACP-5b）、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、骨钙素（BGP）]和血清TIMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-13。结果：与对照组相比,研究组的临床总有效率更高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,研究组治疗后WOMAC、VAS评分和血清MMP-3、MMP-13、TRACP-5b水平更低,TIMP-1、BALP、BGP水平更高（P<0.05）。结论：基于"经筋理论"针刀治疗早中期KOA患者,可有效减轻疼痛症状,提高临床治疗效果,可能与改善骨代谢指标和血清TIMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-13水平有关。     

关节镜手术联合胫骨高位截骨治疗内侧膝关节骨关节炎的临床研究

目的:观察关节镜手术联合胫骨高位截骨(HTO)治疗内侧膝关节骨关节炎(KOA)的临床疗效。方法:本研究为回顾性研究,将2018年2月~2020年9月间在我院接受治疗的内侧KOA患者63根据手术方式的不同分为A组和B组,分别为30例和33例。A组进行HTO手术,B组进行关节镜手术联合HTO治疗。术前、术后6周、术后12周采用美国纽约特种外科医院(HSS)评分、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评价两组患者膝关节功能、疼痛情况。采用36项简明健康状况调查表(SF-36)评价两组患者术前与术后12周的生活质量变化情况。记录两组术后并发症发生情况。术前、术后12周采用MB-Ruler软件测量两组患者机械胫骨近端内侧角(mMPTA)、解剖股胫角(aFTA)。结果:术后6周、术后12周,B组HSS评分高于A组,VAS评分低于A组(P<0.05)。术后12周,B组SF-36量表各维度评分高于A组(P<0.05)。术后3周,B组mMPTA、aFTA小于A组(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率组间对比无差异(P>0.05)。结论:相对于单纯的HTO手术,关节镜手术联合HTO治疗内侧KOA患者,可有效促进膝关节功能改善,减轻疼痛症状,调整下肢力线,近期疗效肯定。     

温针灸联合塞来昔布胶囊对膝骨关节炎患者骨代谢指标和血清IL-6、IL-17、IL-18水平的影响

摘要 目的：观察温针灸联合塞来昔布胶囊对膝骨关节炎（KOA）患者骨代谢指标和血清白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-17（IL-17）、白介素-18（IL-18）水平的影响。方法：纳入我院2017年4月~2020年12月间针灸科接收的KOA患者80例,将患者采用信封抽签法分为对照组和研究组,各为40例。对照组给予塞来昔布胶囊进行治疗,研究组给予温针灸联合塞来昔布胶囊进行治疗,均连续治疗8周。观察两组疗效、骨代谢指标[骨保护素（OPG）、降钙素（CT）、骨钙素（BGP）]、炎性因子、量表评分[视觉模拟评分法（VAS）、骨关节炎指数评分表（WOMAC）、Lysholm膝关节评分]等情况,记录治疗期间的不良反应发生率。结果：研究组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗8周后VAS、WOMAC较对照组低,Lysholm膝关节评分较对照组高（P<0.05）。研究组治疗8周后血清OPG、BGP较对照组高（P<0.05）。两组血清CT水平治疗8周后对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。研究组治疗8周后血清IL-6、IL-17、IL-18较对照组低（P<0.05）。两组不良反应总发生率组间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：温针灸联合塞来昔布胶囊治疗KOA患者,可有效减轻疼痛,促进膝关节功能恢复,同时还可抑制炎症因子,改善骨代谢指标,优化治疗效果。     

Intra‐articular injection of autologous adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and is considered to be the fourth leading cause of disability and the second cause of inability to work in men. Recently, adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs) came into focus for regenerative medicine as a promising tool for the treatment of OA. The administration of stem cells into impaired joints results in pain relief and improves quality of life, accompanied by restoration of hyaline articular cartilage.

Methods

In the present study, nine patients (including two patients with bilateral symptoms) diagnosed with osteoarthritis (International Knee Documentation grade B in 5 and grade D in six knees) were treated using a single injection of AD‐MSCs at a concentration of 0.5–1.0 × 10⁷ cells and were followed up for 18 months. During follow‐up, all the cases were evaluated clinically by Knee Society score (KSS), Hospital for Special Surgery knee score (HSS‐KS), Tegner–Lysholm (T–L) score and visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, as well as by plain radiography and by magnetic resonance imaging visualization with 2D Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score assessment.

Results

Significant improvement of all four clinical scores was observed within the first 6 months (KSS for 41.4 points, HSS‐KS for 33.9 points, T–L score for 44.8 points, VAS of pain from 54.5 to 9.3) and improvement persisted throughout the rest of the follow‐up. MOCART score showed significant cartilage restoration (from 43 ± 7.2 to 63 ± 17.1), whereas radiography showed neither improvement, nor further joint degeneration.

Conclusions

The results obtained in the present study provide good basis for prospective randomized controlled clinical trials with respect to the use of AD‐MSCs in the treatment of osteoarthritis.     

电针足少阳经穴联合本体感觉训练对膝关节骨性关节炎患者步行能力、血液流变学和骨代谢的影响

摘要 目的：探讨电针足少阳经穴联合本体感觉训练对膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）患者步行能力、血液流变学和骨代谢的影响。方法：按照随机数字表法,将2019年8月~2022年1月期间于我院就诊的KOA患者204例分为对照组（102例,本体感觉训练）和研究组（102例,电针足少阳经穴联合本体感觉训练）。对比两组膝关节功能、疼痛症状、步行能力、血液流变学和骨代谢情况。结果：治疗4周后,两组视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎调查量表（WOMAC）评分下降,Lysholm 膝关节功能评分升高,且研究组的改变程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,两组双支撑相下降,步速、步长升高,且研究组的改变程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,两组纤维蛋白原、红细胞聚集指数、全血黏度（高切）、全血黏度（低切）下降,研究组的改变程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,两组碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、骨钙素（BGP）、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BALP）水平升高,研究组的改变程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：电针足少阳经穴联合本体感觉训练可改善KOA患者的疼痛症状,促进膝关节功能恢复,改善步行能力,作用机制可能与调节血液流变学和骨代谢有关。     

老年膝骨性关节炎的中西医结合临床综合干预方案制定和优化的临床研究

摘要 目的：制定并优化老年膝骨性关节炎（KOA）的中西医结合临床综合干预方案,为老年KOA提供更加规范化、可操作化的治疗方案。方法：选取2019年1月～2019年12月我院住院、符合纳入标准的KOA患者90例,按随机双盲法随机分为治疗1组、治疗2组及治疗3组各30例,治疗1组采用基础药物治疗+中医辨证论治中药口服+理疗方案治疗,外加日常医护人员的传统入院宣教。治疗2组在治疗1组的基础上增加三项中医特色疗法治疗。治疗3组在治疗2组的基础上再增加经过特定编排的系统宣教视频。记录视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、膝关节评分表（KSS）评分,并考察肝肾功能等安全性指标及患者满意度。结果：治疗后三组VAS评分、KSS临床评分、KSS功能评分比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。三组患者VAS评分、KSS临床评分、KSS功能评分治疗后均较治疗前有明显好转,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。与治疗1组治疗后比较,治疗2组、治疗3组VAS评分均较低,KSS临床评分和KSS功能评分均升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。三组间满意度比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但与治疗1组治疗后比较,治疗3组满意度升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。全部患者均未见不良事件及并发症,治疗前后肝肾功能均无异常,安全性良好。结论：中西医结合保守治疗综合干预方案对于老年性KOA的治疗确实有效,中医特色疗法明显增加了疗效,统一规范、有可执行标准是其重点,系统的宣教有利于整个方案,疗效满意,且安全性良好,具有一定的临床推广价值。     

膝骨关节炎患者关节疼痛与软骨下骨髓水肿的相关性研究

目的:探讨膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者关节疼痛与软骨下骨髓水肿(BME)的相关性。方法:选取2012年12月到2016年1月在我院接受治疗的KOA患者70例,所有患者均行MRI检查,并根据有无BME将其分为对照组和观察组,其中有BME的患者均纳入观察组,共56例,无BME的患者纳入对照组,共14例,对观察组的BME情况进行评分,并进一步根据BME得分情况将观察组分为1分组、2分组和3分组。采用主诉疼痛分级法(VRS)、视觉模糊评分(VAS)对所有患者进行疼痛评分。比较对照组和观察组的VRS分级、VAS评分,比较1分组、2分组和3分组的VRS分级、VAS评分,分析BME得分和VRS分级、VAS评分的相关性。结果:观察组的VRS分级的Ⅰ级比例为17.86%,显著低于对照组的50.00%,Ⅱ级比例为64.29%,显著高于对照组的28.57%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的VAS评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组三个分组的VRS分级Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级比例整体比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),1分组的VRS分级Ⅰ级比例显著高于2分组和3分组,2分组的VRS分级Ⅱ级比例显著高于1分组和3分组,3分组的VRS分级Ⅲ级比例显著高于1分组和2分组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组三个分组的VAS评分整体比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),3分组的VAS评分显著高于1分组和2分组,2分组的VAS评分显著高于1分组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);经Spearman统计分析显示BME得分和VRS分级、VAS评分呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:大部分KOA患者存在BME,而有BME的KOA患者关节疼痛更加明显,且BME越严重疼痛感越强。     

不同目标力线设定对开放性楔形胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎疗效的影响

目的:探讨开放性楔形胫骨高位截骨术(OWHTO)中采用不同目标力线对单间室膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)疗效的影响。方法:回顾性分析本院收治的2016年9月～2018年9月采用OWHTO治疗单间室KOA患者41例的临床资料,根据不同目标力线分为固定力线组和个体化力线组,固定力线组19例患者采用统一调目标力线至Fujisawa点治疗,个体化力线组22例根据术中关节软骨Outerbridge分级、个体化调定目标力线治疗,对比两组术前及术后1.5个月、3个月、6个月、12个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及美国特种外科医院膝关节(HSS)评分变化,并对比术前和12个月时MRI及关节镜影像。结果:术后所有患者VAS评分、HSS评分均较术前改善(P0.05),其中个体化力线组术后1.5个月、3个月时VAS评分优于固定力线组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。MRI及关节镜显示两组患者均有不同程度软骨再生。结论:采用OWHTO治疗单间室KOA,根据患者不同软骨磨损情况制定个体化目标力线方案有利于患者早期疼痛的改善,但其长期功能的恢复及软骨再生与固定力线方案无明显差异。     

Altered Visual and Feet Proprioceptive Feedbacks during Quiet Standing Increase Postural Sway in Patients with Severe Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective

The objective was to investigate how postural control in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients, with different structural severities and pain levels, is reorganized under different sensory conditions.

Methods

Forty-two obese patients (BMI range from 30.1 to 48.7 kg*m⁻², age range from 50 to 74 years) with KOA were evaluated. One minute of quiet standing was assessed on a force platform during 4 different sensory conditions, applied 3 times at random: Eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) standing on firm and soft (foam) surfaces (EO-soft and EC-soft). Centre of pressure (Cop) standard deviation, speed, range and Cop mean position in both directions (anterior-posterior and medial-lateral) were extracted from the force platform data. Structural disease severity was assessed from semiflexed standing radiographs and graded by the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) score. Pain intensity immediately before the measurements was assessed by numeric rating scale (range: 0–10).

Results

The patients were divided into “less severe” (KL 1 and 2, n = 24) and “severe” (KL>2, n = 18) group. The CoP range in the medial-lateral direction was larger in the severe group when compared with the less severe group during EC-soft condition (P<0.01). Positive correlation between pain intensity and postural sway (range in medial-lateral direction) was found during EC condition, indicating that the higher the pain intensity, the less effective is the postural control applied to restore an equilibrium position while standing without visual information.

Conclusion

The results support that: (i) the postural reorganization under manipulation of the different sensory information is worse in obese KOA patients with severe degeneration and/or high pain intensity when compared with less impaired patients, and (ii) higher pain intensity is related to worse body balance in obese KOA patients.     

细胞外囊泡在治疗膝骨关节炎中的作用与前景

膝骨关节炎（knee osteoarthritis,KOA）是以关节软骨退变为主要病变的退行性疾病。目前，KOA尚无有效治疗药物。细胞外囊泡（extracellular vesicles,EVs）是由细胞释放的脂质双分子层包绕形成的球状膜性囊泡，可在细胞间传递核酸、蛋白质等生物活性分子。与动物来源EVs相比，植物来源EVs因其来源广泛且经济，在药物载体递送研究领域引起广泛关注。通过基因工程等方法改造EVs进行药物递送，可极大提高药物递送效率及其疗效。本文综述了动、植物两种来源的EVs在KOA中的治疗进展，特别聚焦于工程化EVs作为药物递送载体在KOA治疗中的研发现状，旨在为利用EVs治疗KOA提供参考。     

Comparison of outpatient and inpatient spa therapy in knee osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition that impacts many people worldwide and involves weight-bearing joints, resulting in chronic pain. In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient physical therapy modalities and spa combination treatments on pain and functional status in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Seventy-four patients diagnosed with primary knee osteoarthritis were included in this study. The patients were randomized into two groups, inpatient (n?=?37) and outpatient (n?=?37) physical therapy. All patients received a physical therapy program (superficial heater + deep heater + transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) for 2 weeks and spa therapy. All cases were evaluated clinically, laboratory, and radiographically. In order to evaluate pain and functional status, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were used before and after treatment. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the TUG test and WOMAC scores (p?>?0.05). However, a significant difference was found in VAS scores in favor of the outpatient group (p?<?0.05). As a result, although there was a significant improvement in pain scores in the outpatient group, multicenter studies with larger patient groups may provide more evidence.

     

探讨肠道菌群对膝骨关节炎治疗的影响

膝骨关节炎是一种中老年人常见的慢性疾病,因其发病率及致残率高,严重影响患者的生存质量。膝骨关节炎不仅增加了患者及其家庭乃至社会的经济压力,而且还加重了心理负担。治疗方案虽然多,但目前尚无根治方法,而且疗效也参差不齐。肠道菌群作为人体巨大的微生物宝库,拥有着很大的潜力,这使之成为了科研领域一个新的研究热点,其对膝骨关节炎的影响也成为了人们关注的焦点。本文通过查阅相关文献,从慢性炎症、代谢性疾病、成骨细胞以及破骨细胞这四个方面来阐述和总结肠道菌群与膝骨关节炎的关系,以期为临床上治疗膝骨关节炎提供新的方法与思路。     

Control of severe pain with sustained-release morphine tablets v. oral morphine solution.

Recently a sustained-release morphine sulfate tablet (MS Contin [MSC]) was introduced in Canada. In a randomized double-blind crossover trial we compared MSC given every 12 hours with a morphine sulfate solution (MSS) given every 4 hours to 17 patients suffering from chronic severe pain. After titration of the morphine dosage to optimize the analgesic effect, each patient received 10 days of therapy with either MSC or MSS, then 10 days of therapy with an equal daily dose of the other formulation. Both preparations provided effective pain control, with minimal side effects. There was no significant difference between MSC and MSS in pain scores on a visual analogue scale (VAS), severity scores for tiredness and nausea, amount of supplemental morphine needed for break-through pain or patient preference. The plasma morphine concentrations tended to be greater during treatment with MSC. The study had an 89% probability of detecting a clinically significant difference in VAS pain scores. We conclude that an individualized, twice-daily regimen of MSC is as effective as MSS given every 4 hours for control of severe pain. The twice-daily regimen has several advantages: it provides for an uninterrupted night''s sleep, it is substantially more convenient than the six doses per day required with MSS, and it should help reduce both medication errors and noncompliance.     

First-dose analgesic effect of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitor lumiracoxib in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with celecoxib [NCT00267215]

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitors are frequently used to manage osteoarthritis. We compared the analgesic efficacy of the novel cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitor lumiracoxib (Prexige) versus placebo and celecoxib in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This seven day, double-blind, placebo and active comparator controlled, parallel group study included 364 patients aged > or = 50 years with moderate-to-severe symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Patients received lumiracoxib 400 mg/day (four times the recommended chronic dose in osteoarthritis; n = 144), placebo (n = 75), or celecoxib 200 mg twice daily (n = 145). The primary variable was actual pain intensity difference (100 mm visual-analogue scale) between baseline and the mean of three hour and five hour assessments after the first dose. Actual pain intensity difference, average and worst pain, pain relief and functional status (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]) were measured over seven days. Patients also completed a global evaluation of treatment effect at study end or premature discontinuation. For the primary variable, the superiority of lumiracoxib versus placebo, the noninferiority of lumiracoxib versus celecoxib, and the superiority of lumiracoxib versus celecoxib were assessed by closed test procedure adjusting for multiplicity, thereby maintaining the overall 5% significance level. In addition, celecoxib was assessed versus placebo in a predefined exploratory manner to assess trial sensitivity. Lumiracoxib provided better analgesia than placebo 3-5 hours after the first dose (P = 0.004) through to study end. The estimated difference between lumiracoxib and celecoxib 3-5 hours after the first dose was not significant (P = 0.185). Celecoxib was not significantly different from placebo in this analysis (P = 0.069). At study end 13.9% of lumiracoxib-treated patients reported complete pain relief versus 5.5% and 5.3% of celecoxib and placebo recipients, respectively. WOMAC total and subscales improved for both active treatments versus placebo except for difficulty in performing daily activities, for which celecoxib just failed to achieve significance (P = 0.056). In the patient's global evaluation of treatment effect, 58.1% of patients receiving lumiracoxib rated treatment as 'excellent' or 'good', versus 48.6% of celecoxib and 25.3% of placebo patients. Lumiracoxib was well tolerated. The overall incidence of adverse events was similar across treatment groups.     

慢性疼痛患者静息态脑功能磁共振的默认网络研究

运用静息态功能磁共振成像技术(resting-state fMRI)研究慢性疼痛患者脑默认网络结构.通过选择双侧膝骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)患者20例和正常志愿者20名,以后扣带回(posterior cingulated cortex,PCC)为种子点,分别进行fMRI扫描,分析配对两组受试者的脑功能连接情况.结果显示相对正常受试者,KOA患者存在异常脑功能连接,主要表现为PCC呈负激活,边缘叶、脑岛呈正激活.     

腓骨近端截骨术与胫骨高位截骨术治疗内侧间室性膝关节骨关节炎的比较研究

目的:对比内侧间室性膝关节骨关节炎(KOA)患者应用腓骨近端截骨术与胫骨高位截骨术治疗的疗效。方法:选取2016年11月到2017年12月在我院接受治疗的内侧间室性KOA患者32例,采用随机数字表法将所有患者分为腓骨近端截骨组与胫骨高位截骨组各16例,比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量和住院费用,比较两组患者术前、术后3个月、术后6个月的美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS)、美国膝关节协会评分(KSS)、视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)和股胫角(FTA),比较两组患者术后出现的并发症的发生率。结果:腓骨近端截骨组患者的手术时间、住院时间短于胫骨高位截骨组,术中出血量和住院费用均显著少于胫骨高位截骨组(P0.05);术后3个月、术后6个月两组患者的HSS评分、KSS评分均明显高于术前,VAS评分、FTA均明显低于术前(P0.05);术前、术后3个月、术后6个月两组患者的HSS评分、KSS评分、VAS评分、FTA比较均无统计学差异(P0.05);两组患者的并发症发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:腓骨近端截骨术和胫骨高位截骨术均可有效治疗内侧间室性KOA,改善患者的膝关节功能和疼痛感,纠正内翻畸形,但腓骨近端截骨术手术时间和住院时间更短,术中出血量和住院费用更少。     

Effects of low-level laser treatment on mouth dryness

Mouth dryness (MD) is usually followed by inadequate mechanical cleaning of the mouth and decrease in the levels of salivary antimicrobial proteins (including secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA)). It is accompanied by difficulties during speaking and food swallowing, with an unpleasant taste, burning sensations in the mouth and higher susceptibility to oral diseases. Low-level laser treatment (LLLT) can intensify cell metabolism and its application on salivary glands could improve salivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT on salivation of patients suffering from MD. The study included 17 patients with MD. Their major salivary glands were treated with low intensity laser BTL2000 on 10 occasions. The whole unstimulated and stimulated saliva quantities were measured just before the 1st, after the 10th and thirty days following the last (10th) treatment. In the samples of unstimulated saliva concentrations of sIgA were estimated by using ELISA method and its quantity in the time unit was calculated. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to assess burning and/or pain intensity at these three time points. Statistical tests revealed significant salivation improvement quantitatively and qualitatively, i.e. increase in the quantity of saliva and sIgA. VAS score was also significantly improved and no side effects were observed. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, application of LLLT to xerostomic patients' major salivary glands stimulates them to produce more saliva with better antimicrobial characteristics and improves the difficulties that are associated with MD. This simple non-invasive method could be used in everyday clinical practice for the treatment of MD.     

水激光与超声洁治对中度慢性牙周炎的疗效对比

目的:探讨水激光与超声洁治对中度慢性牙周炎的疗效。方法:选取81例中度慢性牙周炎患者,年龄27-62岁,随机分为两组:激光组(41例)采用水激光治疗,超声组(40例)采用超声洁治法治疗。通过患者治疗后1个月,3个月的菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI),牙龈指数(gingival index,GI),牙周袋深度(probing depth,PD),牙周附着水平(clinical attachment level,CAL),治疗过程中的VAS评分等观察指标,对水激光与超声洁治进行疗效对比。结果:与基线各项牙周指数相比,激光组和超声组治疗后1个月,3个月的各项牙周指数均明显降低(P0.05)。与超声组相比,激光组治疗后1个月的GI值明显低于超声组,治疗后1个月和3个月的PD值和CAL值均低于超声组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组VAS评分相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后,激光组的VAS评分明显低于超声组(P0.05)。结论:水激光治疗中度慢性牙周炎,治疗过程痛觉感受轻微,能轻易清除引起炎症的牙石及菌斑,促进牙周组织愈合。     

Does the cannabinoid dronabinol reduce central pain in multiple sclerosis? Randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial

Objective To evaluate the effect of the oral synthetic δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol dronabinol on central neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis.Design Randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial.Setting Outpatient clinic, University Hospital of Aarhus, Denmark.Participants 24 patients aged between 23 and 55 years with multiple sclerosis and central pain.Intervention Orally administered dronabinol at a maximum dose of 10 mg daily or corresponding placebo for three weeks (15-21 days), separated by a three week washout period.Main outcome measure Median spontaneous pain intensity (numerical rating scale) in the last week of treatment.Results Median spontaneous pain intensity was significantly lower during dronabinol treatment than during placebo treatment (4.0 (25th to 75th centiles 2.3 to 6.0) v 5.0 (4.0 to 6.4), P = 0.02), and median pain relief score (numerical rating scale) was higher (3.0 (0 to 6.7) v> 0 (0 to 2.3), P = 0.035). The number needed to treat for 50% pain relief was 3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.9 to 24.8). On the SF-36 quality of life scale, the two items bodily pain and mental health indicated benefits from active treatment compared with placebo. The number of patients with adverse events was higher during active treatment, especially in the first week of treatment. The functional ability of the multiple sclerosis patients did not change.Conclusions Dronabinol has a modest but clinically relevant analgesic effect on central pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. Adverse events, including dizziness, were more frequent with dronabinol than with placebo during the first week of treatment.