共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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RNA介导的DNA甲基化作用(RNA-directed DNA Methylation,RdDM)是首次在植物中发现的基因组表观修饰现象,RdDM通过RNA-DNA序列相互作用直接导致DNA甲基化。植物中的RdDM和siRNA介导的mRNA降解现象,都是通过RNA使序列特异性基因发生沉默,它们对于植物的染色体重排、抵御病毒感染、基因表达调控和发育的许多过程起到了非常重要的作用。在植物中有很多的文献报道RdDM现象,但是对于其具体调控机理还不是很清楚。这里对RNA介导的植物DNA甲基化的基本特征进行了简要概述,主要对RdDM机理的研究进展进行了综述,其中包括RdDM过程中的DNA甲基转移酶的种类及其作用机理,DNA甲基化与染色质修饰之间的关系,以及与RdDM相关的重要蛋白质的研究等。在植物中,转录和转录后水平都可能发生RdDM,诱发基因沉默,前者常涉及靶基因启动子的甲基化,后者则牵涉到编码区的甲基化。RdDM的发生依赖于RNAi途径中相似的siRNA和酶,如DCL3、RdR2、SDE4和AGO4。植物中至少含有三类DNA甲基转移酶DRM1/2、MET1和CMT3,其作用部位是与RNA同源的DNA区域中的所有胞嘧啶,而组蛋白H3第九位赖氨酸的甲基化影响着胞嘧啶的甲基化。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化是表观遗传学的重要研究内容之一.甲基化分析的方法多且研究难度大,各种方法都有其一定的优势和不足.本文综述了基因组DNA甲基化和特定DNA片段甲基化状态分析方法新进展,为研究者提供参考. 相似文献
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基因组DNA甲基化及组蛋白甲基化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在真核生物中,DNA甲基化是一种非常重要的表观遗传学标记,能影响染色质的结构和基因的表达。随着全基因组甲基化测序的发展,全基因组范围内的DNA甲基化水平得以了解。文章概述了基因组中启动子、基因本体、增强子、沉默子和转座子等不同元件的DNA甲基化的研究进展,以及DNA甲基化与基因表达调控间的关系。启动子的DNA甲基化对基因的表达有抑制作用,而基因本体的DNA甲基化与基因的表达关系因物种或细胞类型不同而异。增强子的DNA甲基化状态与基因活性呈反比关系,沉默子则相反呈正相关。转座子的DNA高度甲基化抑制其转座活性,从而维持基因组的稳定性。文章还探讨了DNA甲基化与组蛋白甲基化间的相互作用及其对基因表达、可变剪切、转录的调控作用,以及本领域的未来研究方向。 相似文献
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Kelsie L. Thu Larissa A. Pikor Jennifer Y. Kennett Carlos E. Alvarez Wan L. Lam 《Journal of cellular physiology》2010,222(3):522-531
DNA methylation regulates gene expression primarily through modification of chromatin structure. Global methylation studies have revealed biologically relevant patterns of DNA methylation in the human genome affecting sequences such as gene promoters, gene bodies, and repetitive elements. Disruption of normal methylation patterns and subsequent gene expression changes have been observed in several diseases especially in human cancers. Immunoprecipitation (IP)‐based methods to evaluate methylation status of DNA have been instrumental in such genome‐wide methylation studies. This review describes techniques commonly used to identify and quantify methylated DNA with emphasis on IP based platforms. In an effort to consolidate the wealth of information and highlight critical aspects of methylated DNA analysis, sample considerations, experimental and bioinformatic approaches for analyzing genome‐wide methylation profiles, and the benefit of integrating DNA methylation data with complementary dimensions of genomic data are discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 522–531, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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《基因组学与应用生物学》2010,29(3)
<正>2010年5月4日,国际权威刊物《美国科学院院刊》(PNAS)发表了华中农业大学微生物学国家重点实验室姜道宏教授课题组的研究论文,报道他们从油菜菌核病的病原菌——核盘菌致病力衰退菌株DT-8中分离鉴 相似文献
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Localization of redox active substance(s) in chloroplast envelopeswas revealed by means of the oxidation of Cyt c by isolatedouter and inner envelope preparations. Irradiated chloroplastsreduced extra-chloroplastic Cyt c probably by an envelope electrontransfer chain. The rate was saturated at a level of about 10µmol (mg Chl)1 h1 under weak light of 10µEm2 s1. Cyt c photoreduction was inhibited by DCMUbut not by 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB)indicating that the plastoquinone site is the junction of photosyntheticelectron transfer chain to envelope redox substance. Completesuppression of the non-cyclic photophosphorylation of thylakoidsby the presence of envelope membranes indicates that there isan alternative electron transfer path-way in envelope membranesthat bypasses over the pH-forming plastoquinone shuttle in thephotosynthetic electron transfer chain.
1 Present address: Photosynthesis Research Laboratory, Instituteof Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198Japan. 相似文献
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James A. Gagnon Jill A. Kreiling Erin A. Powrie Timothy R. Wood Kimberly L. Mowry 《PLoS biology》2013,11(4)
Cytoplasmic RNA localization is a key biological strategy for establishing polarity in a variety of organisms and cell types. However, the mechanisms that control directionality during asymmetric RNA transport are not yet clear. To gain insight into this crucial process, we have analyzed the molecular machinery directing polarized transport of RNA to the vegetal cortex in Xenopus oocytes. Using a novel approach to measure directionality of mRNA transport in live oocytes, we observe discrete domains of unidirectional and bidirectional transport that are required for vegetal RNA transport. While kinesin-1 appears to promote bidirectional transport along a microtubule array with mixed polarity, dynein acts first to direct unidirectional transport of RNA towards the vegetal cortex. Thus, vegetal RNA transport occurs through a multistep pathway with a dynein-dependent directional cue. This provides a new framework for understanding the mechanistic basis of cell and developmental polarity. 相似文献