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抗微生物药物耐药性(antimicrobial resistance,AMR)是一个跨地区、跨领域和跨学科问题,涉及临床医学、动物医学、环境健康学及政策研究等,全球各地均面临着严峻的AMR局面。随着生物技术的发展,宏基因组二代测序技术(metagenomic next generation sequencing,mNGS)的出现为抗微生物药物耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的研究带来了巨大突破和转机。本文阐述了研究AMR的重要性和mNGS技术的发展现状,分别总结了mNGS技术在人、动物和环境领域ARGs研究的应用现状,并对基于宏基因组测序的ARGs在人-动物-环境界面的多生境和多层面研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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目的了解凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CoNS)耐药基因和粘附基因的分布及其耐药性情况。方法收集45株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌临床分离株,采用PCR检测其耐药基因mecA和粘附基因c弘知如B,并分析其耐药性。结果(1)凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中mecA、cva、fn6pB的阳性率依次为86.7%(39/45)、11.1%(5/45)、71.1%(32/45)。(2)凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCoNS)的检出率为88.9%,对β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药率都在80%以上,对利福平、左氧氟沙星、林可霉素的耐药率较低,未发现对万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药菌株。结论CoNS中MRCoNS检出率很高,对常用抗生素耐药率高,且有一定的粘附能力,临床上应该根据药敏试验结果慎重及合理的使用抗生素。 相似文献
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目的 了解温州地区临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)的耐药特点,探讨SA中耐β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类药物耐药基因及耐消毒剂基因(qacA)的存在情况.方法 采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法对SA进行β-内酰胺酶基因、氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因、四环素类基因和耐消毒剂基因检测.结果 PCR结果显示94株SA中耐药相关基因检出率mecA 53.2%、aac(6’)/aph(2")68.1%、aph(3’)-Ⅲ 37.2%、tetM 53.2%和qacA 7.4%,其中59株MRSA的耐药相关基因检出率分别为mecA 83.1%、aac(6’)/aph(2")86.4%、aph(3 ′)-Ⅲ 42.4%、tetM 76.4%和qacA 8.5%.结论 多数SA菌株存在耐β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类等多种抗生素耐药基因,具有多重耐药特征,但尚未出现明显耐消毒剂状况. 相似文献
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随着各类抗生素被广泛用于治疗细菌感染以及抗生素在临床上的大量使用,驱动了各类抗生素耐药基因的不断进化,导致了耐药问题日趋严重。耐药基因与耐药细菌的广泛传播与普遍流行严重威胁公共卫生体系并引起了巨大的经济损失。值得注意的是,抗生素的广泛施用不仅造成了动物体内耐药细菌的产生,还提高了对环境中微生物的选择压力,间接推动了耐药基因的发展与进化,使环境微生物成为耐药基因新的储库。因此对耐药细菌的广泛监测与新型耐药基因的提前发掘具有重要的临床意义与研究价值。但是传统的耐药性调查手段过度依赖对耐药细菌的培养,难以全面的展现固定生态位中微生物耐药性的全貌。而功能宏基因组学技术利用其表型筛选和高通量测序相结合的优势,不依赖于对携带目标基因的特定细菌的培养,因此在发掘新型功能基因方面有着巨大的优势。本文综述了功能宏基因组在抗生素耐药方面的研究进展,讨论了功能宏基因组学方法在检测新型基因研究中的意义及存在的问题,为后续深入开展对抗生素耐药机制的探究提供了坚实的理论基础。 相似文献
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目的考察临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性并对泛耐药菌株的耐药基因进行检测。方法用纸片扩散法对60株临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌进行药物敏感试验,并用PCR法检测8株泛耐药菌株携带7种耐药基因OXA-51、OXA-23、OXA-24、OXA-58、aac(3)-Ⅰ、gyr A、abe M的情况。结果所分离的鲍曼不动杆菌对临床常用的β-内酰胺类抗生素、氨基糖苷类抗生素、四环素类抗生素、磺胺类抗菌药及喹诺酮类抗菌药均产生耐药性;在8株泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌中OXA-51、OXA-23、OXA-58、gyr A、abe M基因检测均全部呈阳性;OXA-24基因检测均呈阴性;aac(3)-I基因检测有5株呈阳性,3株呈阴性。结论鲍曼不动杆菌耐药情况严重,其耐药机制与多种耐药基因密切相关。 相似文献
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目的检测多重耐药伤寒沙门菌对抗菌药物的敏感性及其耐药基因携带情况,为伤寒沙门菌引起的腹泻治疗提供科学依据。方法采用微量肉汤稀释的方法测定大连地区临床分离的78株伤寒沙门菌对12种抗生素的敏感性;用PCR方法检测TEM型β内酰胺酶基因、catA和catB氯霉素乙酰基转移酶基因以及cmlA氯霉素外排泵蛋白基因、aac(6′)Ⅰb和aac3Ⅱ型氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因、qacEΔ1sul1耐消毒剂和磺胺基因、多重耐药外排基因acrB等8种耐药基因。结果78株沙门菌对12种药物有不同程度耐药(1.28%~74.35%)。得到9株多重耐药菌株,其中5株检出TEM型β内酰胺酶基因;7株耐氯霉素的伤寒沙门菌菌株中,2株仅检出catA基因,1株仅检出catB基因,1株仅检出cmlA氯霉素外排泵蛋白基因,2株同时检出catA基因和cmlA氯霉素外排泵蛋白基因;2株检出aac(6′)Ⅰb基因,1株检出aac3Ⅱ型氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因;4株检出耐消毒剂和磺胺基因qacEΔ1sul1;6株检出多重耐药外排基因acrB。结论大连地区临床分离的伤寒沙门菌存在严峻的耐药现象,多种耐药基因存在于耐药伤寒沙门菌中,可能是导致菌株对多种抗菌药物耐药的原因。 相似文献
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禽源多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌耐药基因检测及分子分型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【背景】金黄色葡萄球菌是革兰氏阳性菌,在动物和人身上能引起一系列疾病。【目的】了解安徽省不同地区禽源多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的情况及基因分型特征。【方法】以安徽不同地区的病禽肝脏作为标本,分离鉴定得到103株多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌,并进行耐药基因型检测和ERIC-PCR分子分型。【结果】耐药菌株从三重到八重耐药均有分布,主要集中在五重(43/103)、四重(21/103)和六重耐药(22/103)。药敏结果显示,β-内酰胺类的耐药率最高(79.6%),氨基糖苷类次之(71.8%)。耐药基因检出率由高到低分别为mec A(92.2%)、aac(6′)/aph(2″)(76.7%)、ermC(37.9%)、ermA(13.6%)和fem A(3.9%)。ERIC-PCR分子分型获得6种不同类群,优势流行菌群为类群Ⅱ(38/103)。【结论】安徽地区金黄色葡萄球菌存在较严重的耐药性,氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类抗生素的耐药基因携带率较高。分型结果表明安徽部分区域耐药金黄色葡萄球菌具有遗传多样性,但耐药谱与ERIC-PCR分子分型无明显关联。 相似文献
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【背景】极端天气事件(如台风)带来的强风和降水,会给水生生态系统造成短暂和持久的影响。然而,很少有研究关注台风对水生微生物群落和抗生素耐药性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的影响。【目的】对台风前后城市淡水水域的微生物群落和抗性基因组成进行研究分析,更好地认识极端天气对淡水生态系统的干扰。【方法】在台风前后从4个地点采集了水样,通过宏基因组分析,检测了台风利奇马对温州休闲水域微生物群落和抗性基因的影响。除水生微生物群落和抗性基因外,还分析了每个采样点的物理、化学参数,包括温度、pH、溶解氧、叶绿素a、可溶性活性磷、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和铵。【结果】台风登陆后,大多数地点的pH、溶解氧和叶绿素a都有所增加。然而,台风对九山湖的影响要弱于对三垟湿地的影响。台风登陆后,变形菌门、蓝菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度增加,而放线菌门的相对丰度下降。在属水平上,栖湖菌的微生物多样性和相对丰度显著增加。在所有的环境因子中,铵是影响微生物群落结构的最重要的环境因子。另外,在所有样本中均检测到35个机会性致病菌类群。台风后,铜绿假单胞菌的相对丰度增加。ARGs显示了空间(采样点间)和时间(台风前后)的变化。冗余分析表明,水总无机氮是影响抗性基因分布的主要环境因子。【结论】这些发现为极端天气(如台风)如何影响淡水系统中的微生物群落和抗性基因提供了新的见解。台风登陆增加了城市淡水系统的公共安全风险,因此,检验检疫方法和手段应该前移,加强对环境健康安全的评价和分析,这将有助于减轻抗生素耐药性和致病菌扩散的风险。 相似文献
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抗生素耐药作为威胁公共卫生的巨大挑战已经制约了世界经济发展。我国抗生素使用量大,是世界上抗生素滥用最严重的国家之一。文中对人群、食用动物、环境中抗生素耐药产生的原因以及抗生素耐药现状进行综述,针对我国目前抗生素使用与耐药情况,从One Health理念提出了促进抗生素的科学使用、积极探索新型抗生素研发、建立抗生素立体监测网络系统、推广抗生素耐药教育、预防感染等措施,呼吁建立跨学科、跨部门、跨地域的交流与合作,推进我国抗生素耐药防控工作进一步开展,加强环境保护,维护人类与动物的共同健康。 相似文献
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抗生素是人类历史上的革命性发现,其临床应用挽救了无数患者的生命。但是随着抗生素的广泛使用和滥用,越来越多的病原菌产生了耐药性,甚至出现了具有多重耐药性的"超级细菌"。在人类与病原菌斗争的军备竞赛中,人类即将面临无药可用的境地。针对微生物的耐药性、耐药机制及耐药性传播的研究吸引了众多科研工作者的目光,各种耐药基因数据库以及耐药基因分析工具应运而生。文中对目前耐药领域的基因数据库进行收集整理,从数据库类型、数据特征、耐药基因预测模型以及可分析序列的类型等方面对这些数据库进行论述和介绍。此外,文中对抗金属离子和抗杀菌剂的基因数据库也有所涉及,将为如何选择及使用耐药基因数据库提供参考和帮助。 相似文献
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基于宏基因组技术解析南极不同纬度地区土壤抗生素抗性基因的分布与迁移 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的] 南极洲不同地区环境极端多样,且受人类活动影响不一。本研究旨在探究南极不同纬度地区土壤抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的分布特征与迁移机制。[方法] 下载南极不同纬度地区及加拿大阿尔伯特地区养殖场附近土壤宏基因组数据集,利用MetaWRAP进行组装,使用CARD、PlasFlow和ICEberg数据库对ARGs与可移动遗传元件(MGEs)进行注释。[结果] 在南极不同纬度地区土壤中,优势菌门为变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门。共注释出25类406种ARGs,以多重耐药类、四环素类及氨基糖苷类抗生素抗性基因为主。NMDS分析结果表明,南极不同纬度地区与养殖场附近土壤中ARGs的分布特征显著不同(ANISOM,P=0.001)。南极高纬度地区ARGs占总基因数的比例为0.28%,显著低于低纬度地区(1.93%,P<0.01)。不同抗生素类型的ARGs呈现不同的区域分布模式,其中硝基咪唑类、氨基糖苷类、糖肽类与大环内酯类ARGs主要分布在南极高纬度地区,四环素类与磺胺类ARGs主要分布在南极低纬度地区(P<0.05)。南极土壤中ARGs的迁移研究表明,质粒携带的ARGs占检测到的ARGs的17%。同时,共发现163个整合与接合元件(ICEs)可携带多抗耐药类、肽类和四环素类等14类ARGs。这些携带ARGs的ICEs主要分布于α-、β-与γ-变形菌纲中。[结论] 南极高纬度与南极低纬度地区土壤中ARGs的分布存在差异性,质粒与ICEs共同介导ARGs的迁移。本研究为进一步了解抗生素时代之前的原始抗性组提供数据基础。 相似文献
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Aims: The study aimed to identify the resistance genes mediating atypical minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol within two sets of representative strains of the species Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum and to characterize identified genes by means of gene location and sequencing of flanking regions.
Methods and Results: A tet (W) gene was found in 24 of the 28 Lact. reuteri strains with atypical MIC for tetracycline, whereas four of the six strains with atypical MIC for erythromycin were positive for erm (B) and one strain each was positive for erm (C) and erm (T). The two Lact. plantarum strains with atypical MIC for tetracycline harboured a plasmid-encoded tet (M) gene. The majority of the tet (W)-positive Lact. reuteri strains and all erm -positive Lact. reuteri strains carried the genes on plasmids, as determined by Southern blot and a real-time PCR method developed in this study.
Conclusions: Most of the antibiotic-resistant strains of Lact. reuteri and Lact. plantarum harboured known plasmid-encoded resistance genes. Examples of putative transfer machineries adjacent to both plasmid- and chromosome-located resistance genes were also demonstrated.
Significance and Impact of the Study: These data provide some of the knowledge required for assessing the possible risk of using Lact. reuteri and Lact. plantarum strains carrying antibiotic resistance genes as starter cultures and probiotics. 相似文献
Methods and Results: A tet (W) gene was found in 24 of the 28 Lact. reuteri strains with atypical MIC for tetracycline, whereas four of the six strains with atypical MIC for erythromycin were positive for erm (B) and one strain each was positive for erm (C) and erm (T). The two Lact. plantarum strains with atypical MIC for tetracycline harboured a plasmid-encoded tet (M) gene. The majority of the tet (W)-positive Lact. reuteri strains and all erm -positive Lact. reuteri strains carried the genes on plasmids, as determined by Southern blot and a real-time PCR method developed in this study.
Conclusions: Most of the antibiotic-resistant strains of Lact. reuteri and Lact. plantarum harboured known plasmid-encoded resistance genes. Examples of putative transfer machineries adjacent to both plasmid- and chromosome-located resistance genes were also demonstrated.
Significance and Impact of the Study: These data provide some of the knowledge required for assessing the possible risk of using Lact. reuteri and Lact. plantarum strains carrying antibiotic resistance genes as starter cultures and probiotics. 相似文献
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Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a global health concern. Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is accelerating the process of antibiotic resistance emergency, which has been aggravated by exposure to molecules of antibiotics present in clinical and agricultural settings and the engagement of many countries in water reuse especially in Middle East and North Africa region. Bacteriophages have the potential to be significant actors in ARGs transmission through the transduction process. These viruses have been detected along with ARGs in non impacted habitats and in anthropogenic impacted environments like wastewater, reclaimed water and manure amended soil as well as minimally processed food and ready to eat vegetables. The ubiquity of bacteriophages and their persistence in the environment raises concern about their involvement in ARGs transmission among different biomes and the generation of pathogenic-resistant bacteria that pose a great threat to human health. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the potential role of bacteriophages in the dissemination and the transfer of ARGs to pathogens in food production and processing and the consequent contribution to antibiotic resistance transmission through faecal oral route carrying ARGs to our dishes. 相似文献
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Food commensal microbes as a potentially important avenue in transmitting antibiotic resistance genes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hua H. Wang Michele Manuzon Mark Lehman Kai Wan Hongliang Luo Thomas E. Wittum Ahmed Yousef & Lauren O. Bakaletz 《FEMS microbiology letters》2006,255(2):328-328
The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant (ART) pathogens is a major threat to public health. While the surfacing of ART food-borne pathogens is alarming, the magnitude of the antibiotic resistance (AR) gene pool in food-borne commensal microbes is yet to be revealed. Incidence of ART commensals in selected retail food products was examined in this study. The presence of 10(2)-10(7) CFU of ART bacteria per gram of foods in many samples, particularly in ready-to-eat, 'healthy' food items, indicates that the ART bacteria are abundant in the food chain. AR-encoding genes were detected in ART isolates, and Streptococcus thermophilus was found to be a major host for AR genes in cheese microbiota. Lactococcus lactis and Leuconostoc sp. isolates were also found carrying AR genes. The data indicate that food could be an important avenue for ART bacterial evolution and dissemination. AR-encoding plasmids from several food-borne commensals were transmitted to Streptococcus mutans via natural gene transformation under laboratory conditions, suggesting the possible transfer of AR genes from food commensals to human residential bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. 相似文献
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Constitutive presence of antibiotic resistance genes within the bacterial community of a large subalpine lake 下载免费PDF全文
Andrea Di Cesare Ester M. Eckert Alessia Teruggi Diego Fontaneto Roberto Bertoni Cristiana Callieri Gianluca Corno 《Molecular ecology》2015,24(15):3888-3900
The fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environmental microbial communities is of primary concern as prodromal of a potential transfer to pathogenic bacteria. Although of diverse origin, the persistence of ARGs in aquatic environments is highly influenced by anthropic activities, allowing potential control actions in well‐studied environments. However, knowledge of abundance and space–time distribution of ARGs in ecosystems is still scarce. Using quantitative real‐time PCR, we investigated the presence and the abundance of twelve ARGs (against tetracyclines, β‐lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones and sulphonamides) at different sampling sites, depths and seasons, in Lake Maggiore, a large subalpine lake, and in the area of its watershed. We then evaluated the correlation between each ARG and a number of ecological parameters in the water column in the deepest part of the lake. Our results suggest the constitutive presence of at least four ARGs within the bacterial community with a high proportion of bacteria potentially resistant to tetracyclines and sulphonamides. The presence of these ARGs was independent of the total bacterial density and temperature. The dynamics of tet(A) and sulII genes were, however, positively correlated with dissolved oxygen and negatively to chlorophyll a, suggesting that the resistant microbes inhabit specific niches. These observations indicate that the lake is a reservoir of antibiotic resistances, highlighting the need of a deeper understanding of the sources of ARGs and the factors allowing their persistence in waters. 相似文献