脂多糖对人支气管上皮细胞STAT1、STAT3、STAT4、STAT6表达的影响

目的观察脂多糖对人支气管上皮细胞16HBESTAT1、STAT3、STAT4、STAT6表达的影响。方法采用普通RT—PCR检测16HBE细胞STAT1、STAT3、STAT4、STAT6的mRNA表达;Western印迹检测16HBE细胞STAT1、STAT4、STAT6的蛋白表达。分别采用不同浓度的脂多糖在不同的时间点处理16HBE细胞,采用Real—timePCR的方法检测16HBE细胞STAT1、STAT3、STAT4、STAT6的mRNA表达。结果1μg／m1的LPS处理16HBE细胞1h组、0．25μg／m1的LPS处理16HBE细胞4h组、1μg／ml的LPS处理16HBE细胞4h组STAT1、STAT4的mRNA表达较正常对照组显著增高（P〈0．01）;0．25μg／ml的LPS处理16HBE细胞2h组、1μg／ml的LPS处理16HBE细胞2h组、10μg／ml的LPS处理16HBE细胞2h组STAT1、STAT4的mRNA表达较正常对照组有所增高（P〈0．05）;1μg/ml的LPS处理16HBE细胞1h组STAT6的mRNA表达较正常对照组显著增高（P〈0．01）。所有LPS处理16HBE细胞组STAT3的mRNA表达均较正常对照组减低。结论人支气管上皮细胞表达STAT1、STAT3、STAT4、STAT6的mRNA和STAT1、STAT4、STAT6的蛋白,一定剂量的脂多糖在某些时间点分别刺激了人支气管上皮细胞STAT1、sTAT4、STAT6的mRNA表达。     

PD-L1通过STAT3抑制血管内皮细胞增殖迁移

[目的]探讨PD-L1通过STAT3抑制血管内皮细胞增殖迁移的影响。[方法]实验分组:A:pcDNA3.1+siRNA-Control(NC组);B:pcDNA3.1+siRNA-PD-L1(si-PD-L1组);C:STAT3+siRNA-Control(STAT3组);D:STAT3+siRNA-PD-L(STAT3+si-PD-L1组),按照分组做细胞转染。通过MTT、Cell-LightTMEd U细胞增殖检测转录因子STAT3、siRNA-PD-L1对血管内皮细胞增殖率的影响;通过细胞划痕实验检测0、24、36 h融合率、Western Blot检测转录因子STAT3、siRNA-PD-L1对血管内皮细胞增殖标志物PCNA表达水平的影响。[结果]C组HUVEC细胞的增殖率比A组显著增高60%,共转pcDNA3.1-STAT3+siRNA-PD-L1后D组细胞增殖率比C组显著下降52%。划痕实验划痕融合率C组比A组显著增高(p0.05),D组与C组相比降低(p0.01)。PCNA表达C组显著高于其他组(p0.05),D组与C组相比显著降低40%(p0.01)。[结论]STAT3显著促进HUVECs增殖迁移能力,而干扰PD-L1以后,可下调细胞增殖迁移。     

STAT蛋白与肿瘤

STAT是一种重要的核转录因子,参与调控细胞的生长、分化和凋亡。诸多肿瘤细胞系及人的癌变组织中存在着持续激活的STAT蛋白,尤其是STATl、STAT3、STAT5蛋白及其下游分子对于肿瘤的发生、发展、演进起着重要的作用。STAT蛋白的抑制为肿瘤治疗提供了新的思路。     

PCBP2 enhances the antiviral activity of IFN-α against HCV by stabilizing the mRNA of STAT1 and STAT2

Interferon-α (IFN-α) is a natural choice for the treatment of hepatitis C, but half of the chronically infected individuals do not achieve sustained clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) during treatment with IFN-α alone. The virus can impair IFN-α signaling and cellular factors that have an effect on the viral life cycles. We found that the protein PCBP2 is down-regulated in HCV-replicon containing cells (R1b). However, the effects and mechanisms of PCBP2 on HCV are unclear. To determine the effect of PCBP2 on HCV, overexpression and knockdown of PCBP2 were performed in R1b cells. Interestingly, we found that PCBP2 can facilitate the antiviral activity of IFN-α against HCV, although the RNA level of HCV was unaffected by either the overexpression or absence of PCBP2 in R1b cells. RIP-qRT-PCR and RNA half-life further revealed that PCBP2 stabilizes the mRNA of STAT1 and STAT2 through binding the 3'Untranslated Region (UTR) of these two molecules, which are pivotal for the IFN-α anti-HCV effect. RNA pull-down assay confirmed that there were binding sites located in the C-rich tracts in the 3'UTR of their mRNAs. Stabilization of mRNA by PCBP2 leads to the increased protein expression of STAT1 and STAT2 and a consistent increase of phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2. These effects, in turn, enhance the antiviral effect of IFN-α. These findings indicate that PCBP2 may play an important role in the IFN-α response against HCV and may benefit the HCV clinical therapy.     

Smurf1 protein negatively regulates interferon-γ signaling through promoting STAT1 protein ubiquitination and degradation

Interferons are important cytokines that mediate antiviral, antiproliferative, antitumor, and immunoregulatory activities. However, uncontrolled IFN signaling may lead to autoimmune diseases. Here we identified Smurf1 as a negative regulator for IFN-γ signaling by targeting STAT1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Smurf1 interacted with STAT1 through the WW domains of Smurf1 and the PY motif in STAT1 and catalyzed K48-linked polyubiquitination of STAT1. Interestingly, the Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation did not require STAT1 tyrosine and serine phosphorylation. Subsequently, overexpression of Smurf1 attenuated IFN-γ-mediated STAT1 activation and antiviral immune responses, whereas knockdown of Smurf1 enhanced IFN-γ-mediated STAT1 activation, expression of STAT1 target genes, and antiviral immune responses. Furthermore, IFN-γ stimulation led to enhanced expression of Smurf1. Therefore, our results demonstrate that Smurf1 is a negative feedback regulator for IFN-γ signaling by targeting STAT1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.     

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Protects Mice Against Streptozotocin-induced Type 1 Diabetes through SOCS3: THE ROLE OF STAT1/STAT3 RATIO IN β-CELL DEATH*

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a loss of islet β-cells. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) protects pancreatic islets against cytokine-induced apoptosis. For this reason, we assessed whether CNTF protects mice against streptozotocin-induced diabetes (a model of type 1 diabetes) and the mechanism for this protection. WT and SOCS3 knockdown C57BL6 mice were treated for 5 days with citrate buffer or 0.1 mg/kg CNTF before receiving 80 mg/kg streptozotocin. Glycemia in non-fasted mice was measured weekly from days 0–28 after streptozotocin administration. Diabetes was defined as a blood glucose > 11.2 mmol/liter. Wild-type (WT) and SOCS3 knockdown MIN6 cells were cultured with CNTF, IL1β, or both. CNTF reduced diabetes incidence and islet apoptosis in WT but not in SOCS3kd mice. Likewise, CNTF inhibited apoptosis in WT but not in SOCS3kd MIN6 cells. CNTF increased STAT3 phosphorylation in WT and SOCS3kd mice and MIN6 cells but reduced STAT1 phosphorylation only in WT mice, in contrast to streptozotocin and IL1β. Moreover, CNTF reduced NFκB activation and required down-regulation of inducible NO synthase expression to exert its protective effects. In conclusion, CNTF protects mice against streptozotocin-induced diabetes by increasing pancreatic islet survival, and this protection depends on SOCS3. In addition, SOCS3 expression and β-cell fate are dependent on STAT1/STAT3 ratio.     

Jak—STAT信号转导机制

许多细胞因子受体尽管缺少激酶结构域,但与配体结合后仍能诱导蛋白质的酪氨酸磷酸化。近年来的研究证明这一过程是由Ｊａｋ族蛋白质酪氨酸激酶的成员所介导的。Ｊａｋ激酶通过和受体的近膜区域的相互作用而与之缔合。配体结合引起受体聚合以及Ｊａｋ的酪氨酸磷酸化和激活,激活的Ｊａｋ又使受体和ＳＴＡＴ蛋白（信号转导物与转录激活剂）磷酸化、后直接参与基因转录的调控。本对这一新的胞内信号转导机制作一综述。     

EMSA法分析STAT5信号分子与周期蛋白cyclinB1的相互作用

利用蛋白凝胶电脉迁移率变动分析法（EMSA）分析STAT5信号分子与周期蛋白cyclinB1的相互作用。探针位于cyclinB1启动子区的-783到-754之间,该区域包含SATAT5与cyclinB1的结合序列TTN5AA。STAT5与cyclinB1共形成a、b和c三条蛋白滞后带,当用点突变的探针作用时,仅剩下滞后带a和滞后带c,因此滞后带b可能为STAT5与cyclinB1的特异性结合条带。