Condensin II Counteracts Cohesin and RNA Polymerase II in the Establishment of 3D Chromatin Organization

1. Download high-res image (179KB)
2. Download full-size image

     

RNA Polymerase II Activity in Developing and Germinating Cowpea Seeds

RNA polymerase II was partially purified from germinating cowpeaseeds and characterized. RNA polymerase II activity per seedwas low soon after flowering but increased thereafter, reachinga maximum after about two weeks. Upon desiccation, the activitydecreased and was very low in quiescent seeds. After germination,the activity increased rapidly. (Received July 23, 1990; Accepted November 30, 1990)     

RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录延伸因子

当RNA聚合酶Ⅱ(RNAPⅡ)离开启动子开始转录延伸时,会遇到包括紧密包装形成染色质的核小体在内的多种障碍,细胞内存在多种因子可协助RNAPⅡ克服这些障碍,保证转录的顺利进行。遗传和生化研究已经分离和鉴定了一些在此过程中起作用的延伸因子(elongation factor),现依据作用方式和效果对目前发现的主要延伸因子的研究进展进行了分类综述。     

RNA-Dependent DNA Polymerase Activity of RNA Tumor Viruses II. Directing Influence of RNA in the Reaction

The role of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis with the purified DNA polymerase from the avian myeloblastosis virus has been studied. The polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the presence of four deoxynucleoside triphosphates, Mg(2+), and a variety of RNA templates including those isolated from avian myeloblastosis, Rous sarcoma, and Rauscher leukemia viruses; phages f2, MS2, and Qbeta; and synthetic homopolymers such as polyadenylate.polyuridylic acid. The enzyme does not initiate the synthesis of new chains but incorporates deoxynucleotides at 3' hydroxyl ends of primer strands. The product is an RNA.DNA hybrid in which the two polynucleotide components are covalently linked. Free DNA has not been detected among the products formed with the purified enzyme in vitro. The DNA synthesized with avian myeloblastosis virus RNA after alkaline hydrolysis has a sedimentation coefficient of 6 to 7S.     

Effect of Ischemia on the Activity of DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase and DNA Polymerase

Abstract: Ischemia, anoxia, and hypoxia of the brain have been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in the central nervous system. To obtain data on the changes in DNA-dependent RNA and DNA polymerases as they pertain specifically to neurons and glia, nuclear enriched neuronal and glial fractions were prepared, by sucrose-gradient centrifugation, from spinal cords of adult dogs that had been subjected to prolonged ischemia. The isolated fractions were assayed for enzyme activity by a radiochemical technique. RNA polymerase was affected more than DNA polymerase, activity being reduced considerably in both neurons and glia. Possible causes of the difference in sensitivity to ischemia are discussed.