The type material of Mantodea (praying mantises) deposited in the National Museum of Natural History,Smithsonian Institution,USA

The collection of Mantodea of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, includes 26 holotypes, 7 allotypes, 4 lectotypes, 23 paratypes, and 1 paralectotype. Four type specimens were designated as lectotypes within this work. Highly accurate measurement data, high resolution images of specimens and labels, verbatim label data, georeferenced coordinates, original and newly assigned database codes, and bibliographic data are presented for all primary types. Label data for all paratype specimens in the collection are provide in tabular form. The location of the USNM collection has been moved to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History as a loan under the Off-site Enhancement Program.     

中国斯托蛛属2新种记述（蜘蛛目：拟平腹蛛科）

记述了分布于江西和海南的拟平腹蛛科2新种：庐山斯托蛛,新种（图1～12）Storenomorpha lushanensis Yu ＆ Chen sp．nov．和海南斯托蛛,新种（图13～24）Storenomorpha hainanensis Jin＆Chen sp．nov．。     

四川蚋属二新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

记述了采自四川省泸定县的蚋属蚋亚属2新种,尖板蚋Simulium(Simulium)acontum sp.nov.和矛板蚋Simulium(Simulium)lonchatum sp.nov.前者隶属于淡足蚋组malyschevi-group,后者隶属于杂色蚋组variegatumgroup,二者均以雄虫生殖腹板的形态特征命名.模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.     

A new species of the cardinalfish genus Gymnapogon (Perciformes, Apogonidae) from the Red Sea

 A new cardinalfish species, Gymnapogon melanogaster, is described from two specimens collected at night in the Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat, Israel. This species is characterized by having 9 dorsal and 8 anal fin soft rays; 14–15 pectoral fin rays; 2 + 11 gill rakers; a flat, bifurcated preopercular spine; a naked body without a papillae network; black pelvic fins; and a black stomach. It is similar to Gymnapogon vanderbilti (Fowler, 1938) that is known only from the Line Islands of the Central Pacific Ocean. Received: December 26, 2001 / Revised: June 10, 2002 / Accepted: June 24, 2002 Acknowledgments We thank D. Didier and M. Sabaj of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, for loans of and for taking data from type specimens; T.H. Fraser of the Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, kindly provided data on type specimens. We are grateful to E. Heemstra of the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa, for the artwork presented in this article and to A. Lerner of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, for his assistance in collecting the specimens. Correspondence to:Ofer Gon     

中国科学院华南植物园标本馆维管植物标本数据统计分析

为充分利用植物标本信息,从植物标本与物种信息系统数据库中对中国科学院华南植物园标本馆维管植物标本数据进行了统计和分析。结果表明,该馆馆藏标本统计时已录入696298号、716469份腊叶标本,分别隶属于354科5813属48707种(包含亚种、变种及变型),其中包括蕨类植物59科253属2105种(包含亚种、变种及变型)、裸子植物11科64属 557种(包含亚种、变种及变型)、被子植物284科5496属46045种(包含亚种、变种及变型)。标本分别采自中国33个省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区以及其它107个国家或地区(98个国家,9个地区或岛屿);国内标本采自广东省的最多,国外标本采自美国的最多。其中模式标本6351号,隶属于194科938属4373种。还对标本馆今后的采集工作提出了建议。这些数据为科学研究提供了宝贵的数据资源。     

Germ line-restricted supernumerary (B) chromosomes in Eptatretus okinoseanus.

Cytogenetic studies were performed on two types of Japanese hagfish (Eptatretus okinoseanus) that eliminate about 45% (type A) and 55% (type B) of their DNA from presumptive somatic cells during the differentiation of somatic cells. The observations revealed inter- and intraindividual variations in the number of chromosomes in germ cells of both types of hagfishes. Although the modal number of chromosomes in the germ cells was 54 in both types, the percentage of cells with the modal number was rather low (38.6% [51/132] in five specimens of type A and 22.7% [25/110] in eight specimens of type B). In addition, one of seven type B specimens clearly had a modal number of 62 chromosomes. Another specimen of type B had a bimodal distribution of chromosome numbers, with peaks of 54 and 59 chromosomes. The observation of interindividual variations was supported by data on the amount of DNA in germ cells of type B specimens. However, these variations were rarely observed in somatic cells. These results suggest that supernumerary (B) chromosomes are maintained in germ cells and are eliminated together with some other chromosomes and/or chromatin from somatic cells.     

Redescription of Monhystrella parvella (Filipjev) comb.n. (Nematoda, Monhysteridae)

The type of material of Monhystrella parvella (Filipjev, 1931) comb.n. from Abyssinia (Ethiopia) is redescribed and figured in detail. Data on the genital system and the ontogeny of this species are given. Monhystera filiformis sensu Gerlach, 1951 nec Bastian, 1865 of the Black Sea at Pomorie (Bulgaria) is synonymised with M. parvella . The Black Sea specimens have a shorter pharynx, a longer tail and differ also from the Abyssinian specimens in the shape of the tail and the spinneret outlet.     

The type specimens of chewing lice (Insecta,Mallophaga) deposited in the entomological collection of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,Rio de Janeiro,RJ, Brazil

This paper presents a list of 131 Mallophaga type specimens deposited in the Werneck Collection of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. It includes 69 holotypes, 62 allotypes, 683 paratypes, 1 syntype and 2 neoparatypes, distributed among 6 families and 35 genera. The types are listed with their respective data and literature.     

Harvestmen of the BOS Arthropod Collection of the University of Oviedo (Spain) (Arachnida,Opiliones)

There are significant gaps in accessible knowledge about the distribution and phenology of Iberian harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones). Harvestmen accessible datasets in Iberian Peninsula are unknown, an only two other datasets available in GBIF are composed exclusively of harvestmen records. Moreover, only a few harvestmen data from Iberian Peninsula are available in GBIF network (or in any network that allows public retrieval or use these data). This paper describes the data associated with the Opiliones kept in the BOS Arthropod Collection of the University of Oviedo, Spain (hosted in the Department of Biología de Organismos y Sistemas), filling some of those gaps. The specimens were mainly collected from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula. The earliest specimen deposited in the collection, dating back to the early 20^th century, belongs to the P. Franganillo Collection. The dataset documents the collection of 16,455 specimens, preserved in 3,772 vials. Approximately 38% of the specimens belong to the family Sclerosomatidae, and 26% to Phalangidae; six other families with fewer specimens are also included. Data quality control was incorporated at several steps of digitisation process to facilitate reuse and improve accuracy. The complete dataset is also provided in Darwin Core Archive format, allowing public retrieval, use and combination with other biological, biodiversity of geographical variables datasets.     

Phylogenomic analysis of pseudocryptic diversity reveals the new genus Deltalsia (Rhodomelaceae,Rhodophyta)

Molecular analyses, in combination with morphological studies, provide invaluable tools for delineating red algal taxa. However, molecular datasets are incomplete and taxonomic revisions are often required once additional species or populations are sequenced. The small red alga Conferva parasitica was described from the British Isles in 1762 and then reported from other parts of Europe. Conferva parasitica was traditionally included in the genus Pterosiphonia (type species P. cloiophylla in Schmitz and Falkenberg 1897), based on its morphological characters, and later transferred to Symphyocladia and finally to Symphyocladiella using molecular data from an Iberian specimen. However, although morphological differences have been observed between specimens of Symphyocladiella parasitica from northern and southern Europe they have yet to be investigated in a phylogenetic context. In this study, we collected specimens from both regions, studied their morphology and analyzed rbcL and cox1 DNA sequences. We determined the phylogenetic position of a British specimen using a phylogenomic approach based on mitochondrial and plastid genomes. Northern and southern European populations attributed to S. parasitica represent different species. Symphyocladiella arecina sp. nov. is proposed for specimens from southern Europe, but British specimens were resolved as a distant sister lineage to the morphologically distinctive Amplisiphonia, so we propose the new genus Deltalsia for this species. Our study highlights the relevance of using materials collected close to the type localities for taxonomic reassessments, and showcases the utility of genome-based phylogenies for resolving classification issues in the red algae.     

On the absence of previously reported Japanese and Peruvian species of Prionitis (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) in the northeast Pacific

Partial rbc L sequences of type specimens, historically significant specimens and recently collected comparative specimens are used to demonstrate that Prionitis decipiens (Montagne) J. Agardh (type locality: Paita, Peru), Prionitis angusta (Harvey) Okamura (type locality: Shimoda, Japan, currently known as Grateloupia angusta (Harvey) Kawaguchi et Wang) and Prionitis cornea (Okamura) E. Y. Dawson (type locality: Shizuoka, Japan, currently known as Grateloupia cornea Okamura), all previously reported from the northeast (NE) Pacific (California, USA and Baja California, Mexico), were not, and currently are not, present. Historically significant specimens from the NE Pacific specifically annotated by E. Y. Dawson as belonging to P. cornea or specifically annotated by I. A. Abbott as belonging to P. angusta were sequenced and shown to belong to either Prionitis linearis Kylin (type locality: La Jolla, California, USA) or to Prionitis filiformis Kylin (type locality: San Francisco, California, USA). The lectotype of Gelidium decipiens Montagne (basionym of Prionitis decipiens ) is narrowed to a single specimen illustrated by Montagne, and a lectotype is designated for P. linearis . The utility of partial rbc L sequences (less than 200 base pairs) for determining the identity of specimens is discussed, as is the importance of sequencing type and historically significant specimens.     

Barcoding,molecular taxonomy,and exploration of the diversity of shrews (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) on Mount Nimba (Guinea)

We tested the efficiency of cytochrome oxidase I (COI)‐barcoding as a taxonomic tool to discriminate and identify sympatric shrew species on Mount Nimba (Guinea). We identified 148 specimens at the species level using morphological characters and comparison with type specimens, including several taxa from Mount Nimba. We identified ten morphospecies and tested aspects of genetic diversity and monophyly using genetic data from three mitochondrial (16S, cytochrome b, and COI) and one nuclear marker (the breast cancer gene, BRCA). Nine morphospecies were validated under the phylogenetic and genetic species concepts, including the recently diverged species Crocidura buettikoferi, Crocidura theresae, and Crocidura grandiceps. Under the same concepts, our analyses revealed the presence of two cryptic species amongst animals identified as Crocidura muricauda. We then tested the efficiency of barcoding thanks to commonly used phenetic methods, with the 148 specimens representing 11 potentially valid species based on morphological and molecular data. We show that COI‐barcoding is a powerful tool for shrew identification and can be used for taxonomic surveys. The comparison of genetic divergence values shows the presence of a barcoding gap (i.e. difference between the highest intraspecific and the lowest interspecific genetic divergence values). Given that only a few COI sequences are available for Afrotropical shrews, our work is an important step forward toward their enrichment. We also tested the efficiency of the three other sequenced markers and found that cytochrome b is as efficient as COI for barcoding shrews. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 166 , 672–687.