发菜藻蓝蛋白基因克隆及原核表达

发菜（Nostoc flagelliforme）是一种陆生固氮蓝藻,具有重要的经济和生态价值。运用双向电泳技术、MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS鉴定和数据库检索,获得藻蓝蛋白部分氨基酸序列并设计简并性引物,克隆藻蓝蛋白基因并研究其表达。结果表明,发菜藻蓝蛋白α和β亚基两个基因的编码序列及两者之间的间隔序列全长为1097bp,编码β亚基和α亚基的基因序列全长分别为519bp和489bp,β亚基基因序列位于α亚基基因序列上游,两者之间通过89bp的基因片段连接,GenBank登录号为GU549478,并对推译的α和β亚基三维结构进行了预测。将藻蓝蛋白的α和β亚基基因在大肠杆菌中表达,获得了符合预期的外源重组蛋白。研究结果为进一步研究发菜藻蓝蛋白的分子结构及生物学功能奠定了基础。     

异育银鲫GABA A受体γ2亚基全长克隆及生物信息学分析

近年来GABA A受体亚基特异性在药物筛选、研发过程中的应用得到广泛地关注,其中有关α1、β2和γ2三种功能性亚基的研究最为深入。异育银鲫因其良好的生长、繁殖优势,在国内得到广泛养殖。采用RACE法克隆得到了异育银鲫GABA A受体γ2亚基基因全长cDNA,并进行了生物信息学分析。该基因长2 763 bp,其中CDS区长1437 bp,可编码477个氨基酸的前体蛋白。预测蛋白分子量55.3 k D,理论等电点9.13。异育银鲫体内GABA A受体γ2亚基氨基酸序列N端存在1个长度为35个氨基酸的信号肽,4个长度分别为23、20、23和23个氨基酸的跨膜区,3个N-糖基结合位点和2个O-糖基化位点,1个特异性结构域,其氨基酸序列具有明显的氯离子门控通道家族特征。氨基酸序列与其他物种氨基酸序列的同源性都在89%以上,表明该蛋白属于GABA A受体亚基家族。系统进化树表明异育银鲫与斑马鱼聚为一支,亲缘关系最近。     

β2-肾上腺素能受体基因的克隆及序列分析

目的:克隆β2-肾上腺素能受体(β2-AR)全长基因片段.方法:根据GenBank中收录的猪β2-AR cDNA序列设计一对引物,以猪肝脏组织总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术扩增目的基因,将其与pUC18载体体外连接,转化感受态大肠杆菌E.coil DH5α,筛选阳性克隆.结果:扩增出一条1257 bp的目的基因片段,该片段编码418个氨基酸.与CenBank中收录的猪β2-AR序列比对,其同源性为99.52%,编码的氨基酸有99.04%相同.结论:成功获得了β2-AR全长基因片段,为该基因的表达和受体筛药模型的建立奠定基础.     

肺炎克氏杆菌GDHt-γ亚基基因克隆与序列分析

目的：克隆编码肺炎克氏杆菌GDHt-γ亚基的基因并对其进行序列分析。方法：用酚氯仿抽提法提取肺炎克氏杆菌基因组DNA,用P1、P2为引物,PCR扩增GDHt-γ亚基基因,并对目的基因进行了测序并应用生物信息学进行序列分析。结果：PCR扩增出约426bp的目的DNA片段,与GenBank中报道的K．pneumoniae GDHt-γ亚基基因序列存在一个同义突变差异（Gin：CAG→CAA）。结论：成功地获得编码GDHt-γ亚基的基因,为进一步研究该亚基的结构与生物学功能奠定了基础。     

棉蚜乙酰胆碱受体亚基的选择性剪接和多重转录起始位点分析

乙酰胆碱受体在神经突触传导过程中具有重要作用,也是氯化胆碱类杀虫剂的作用靶标。采用RACE技术,成功地从棉蚜中克隆了3个nAChR亚基,其中2个为α亚型, 1个为β亚型,分别命名为Agα1、Agα2和Agβ1。通过锚定mRNA的5′mG结构, 5′RACE结果表明Agβ1有三个不同的剪接变体,具有不同长度的5′UTR区,表明Agβ1亚基具有多重的转录起始位点。其中,最短的剪接变体Agβ1C在蛋白编码区域也存在选择性剪接,位于D环区域的186 bp碱基缺失。3′RACE实验结果表明,Agα1亚基虽然具有ploy ( A)和加尾信号AATAAA等完整的mRNA基因结构,但缺失了终止子和乙酰胆碱受体α亚基保守的第4个跨膜区,文中对此做了进一步分析。分子进化树的分析表明,昆虫乙酰胆碱受体亚基应当被划分为三个不同的亚类群αⅠ,αⅡandβ。本文的研究揭示了昆虫乙酰胆碱受体亚基复杂的基因结构[动物学报51 (5) : 867 -878 , 2005]。     

虹鳟Fc受体FcγR的α和γ亚基基因的克隆及表达分析

Fc受体(FcR)是一种表达在免疫细胞表面的受体分子, 由多亚基构成, 通过与免疫球蛋白(Ig)的Fc段结合引起包括炎症因子释放和吞噬作用等体液和细胞免疫反应。研究采用RACE技术首次克隆得到了虹鳟FcγR的α亚基基因(FcγRα)和γ亚基基因(FcRγ)的cDNA序列, 采用生物信息学软件对FcγRα和FcRγ的序列进行了特征分析, 实时荧光定量PCR检测了其在不同组织和细胞亚群中以及在Poly (I鲶C)和LPS刺激后头肾中的表达。结果显示:FcγRα的cDNA全长1677 bp, 开放阅读框为954 bp, 编码317个氨基酸; FcγRα由信号肽和2个Ig样结构域构成, 但没有跨膜区和胞内区。FcRγ亚基存在2种形式, 分别命名为FcRγ1和FcRγ2(包含FcRγ2a和FcRγ2b两个剪接异构体), 它们均由信号肽、跨膜区和胞内的免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序(ITAM)构成。氨基酸序列相似性分析表明虹鳟FcγRα与斑点叉尾鮰FcRI相同率最高(30%), 虹鳟FcRγ1和FcRγ2a/2b与哺乳动物FcRγ相同率最高可达40%。组织表达显示FcγRα、FcRγ1和FcRγ2a/2b在头肾、脾脏和血液中表达较高; 细胞亚群表达显示FcγRα、FcRγ1和FcRγ2a/2b在髓样细胞群中表达最高; LPS和Poly (I鲶C)刺激后,FcγRα、FcRγ1和FcRγ2a/2b在头肾中的表达显著上调, 这表明FcγR在机体抗细菌和抗病毒免疫中可能发挥重要作用。     

中介蝮毒腺C-型凝集素样蛋白基因的cDNA克隆和序列分析

C-型凝集素样蛋白是一类钙离子依赖型的具有糖结合活性的非酶蛋白,可结合凝血因子及血小板而影响人体的凝血系统稳态,具有抗凝作用。本研究基于中介蝮(Gloydius intermedius)蛇毒C-型凝集素样蛋白α链和β链的部分核苷酸序列,设计了2对PCR引物,通过RT-PCR技术从中介蝮毒腺中克隆出的α和β链(Gi-CTLPα,Gi-CTLPβ)的全长c DNA,克隆入T载体后,对所获克隆进行了测序,并进行了生物信息学分析。结果表明,Gi-CTLPα、Gi-CTLPβ的开放阅读框(ORF)分别为477 bp和462 bp,分别编码158个和153个氨基酸,信号肽分别为21个和23个氨基酸。蛋白质一级结构同源性分析表明,Gi-CTLPα和Gi-CTLPβ之间的序列相似度为29%,Gi-CTLPα和β分别与日本蝮(Gloydius blomhoffi)的Mamushiginα亚基和β亚基的同源性最高(90%和93%),Gi-CTLPα和Mamushigin的α亚基氨基酸序列的差异主要有13个,Gi-CTLPβ和Mamushigin的β亚基氨基酸序列的差异主要有7个。用蛋白功能预测软件SIFT在线分析表明,Gi-CTLPα中第47和136位的氨基酸差异使得Gi-CTLPα与Mamushiginα的功能明显不同,而Gi-CTLPβ和Mamushiginβ亚基的功能没有明显差异。由于Gi-CTLPα和β链会像Mamushigin那样通过二硫键形成异二聚体,这些一级结构的差异会影响其与靶蛋白的结合特性,这一结果为下一步研究Gi-CTLP的功能及利用奠定了理论基础。     

药用植物灯盏花rbcL基因的克隆、生物信息学及适应性进化分析(英文)

目的:克隆药用植物灯盏花叶绿体rbcL基因,该基因编码二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶大亚基,并对该基因序列、蛋白质特性和适应性进化进行分析。方法:根据相关文献设计引物,利用PCR方法扩增并克隆完整rbcL基因序列,对rbcL蛋白进行结构建模和评价。结果:灯盏花rbcL基因长度为1 458bp,编码485氨基酸(GenBank登录号为KF482865)。通过与GenBank库中Erigeron tenuis氨基酸序列比较相似性超过95%。RbcL蛋白二级结构含有21个α-helices、7个β-sheets和一些卷曲。通过适应性进化分析在rbcL蛋白上有3个氨基酸正选择位点(76 E、131 Q和422 E)。结论:灯盏花rbcL基因的完整克隆有助于更深的研究灯盏花对特殊生境的适应,rbcL蛋白大亚基正选择位点的空间结构对于维持核酮糖结构具有重要的作用。     

反向PCR方法克隆腾冲嗜酸两面菌的分子伴侣基因

根据已知的Sulfolobus属的分子伴侣基因,设计简并引物,用PCR的方法从腾冲嗜酸两面菌（Acidianus tengchongensis）基因组DNA中分别克隆到了分子伴侣α亚基和β亚基的约500bp的基因片段。以它们为探针进行Southern杂交,确定了合适的限制性内切酶。以确定的限制性内切酶消化的基因组DNA环化物为模板,进行反向PCR反应,引物的延伸方向由已知序列出发沿环化分子向未知区域进行,扩增产物经测序表明为α亚基和β亚基基因。根据所得序列分别设计两对引物进行PCR,测序结果表明得到了α亚基和β亚基的完整基因。     

青藏高原高原鼠兔Na+,K+-ATP酶β2亚基基因编码区的克隆与分析

目的:克隆青藏高原高原鼠兔Na ,K -ATP酶β2亚基(ATP1B2)的基因编码区,并分析其序列特征,以揭示高原鼠兔低氧适应的分子基础。方法:采用RT-PCR技术从高原鼠兔脑组织中扩增出ATP1B2基因编码区cDNA序列并进行序列测定,采用生物信息学技术对其进行分析。结果:ATP1B2基因编码区由873bp组成,编码290个氨基酸残基。序列分析结果显示,高原鼠兔ATP1B2编码区的核酸序列与兔、人、牛、大鼠、小鼠及狗分别有99%、93%、91%、91%、90%和90%的同源性。结论:克隆出青藏高原高原鼠兔ATP1B2基因编码区,为进一步了解高原鼠兔低氧适应的分子机制提供了基础。     

Stereospecific 2'-amination and 2'-chlorination of adenosine by Actinomadura in the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin

2'-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-CldCF) are two nucleoside antibiotics produced by Actinomadura. The biosynthesis of these two nucleoside antibiotics has been studied by the addition of [U-14C]adenosine with or without unlabeled adenine to cultures of Actinomadura. By this experimental approach, it is possible to demonstrate that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF. These conclusions are based on the observation that the percentage distribution of 14C in the aglyconic and pentofuranosyl moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were similar to the distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribosyl moieties of the [U-14C]adenosine (i.e., 48:52) added to cultures of Actinomadura. Experimentally, the percentage distribution of 14C in the (i) adenine:2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine is 51:49; (ii) 8-(R)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]-[1,3-diazepin-8-o1]:2 -chloro-2- beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-CldCF is 45:55; and (iii) adenine:ribose of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura is 42:58. Further proof that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF was demonstrated by the addition of 75 mumol of unlabeled adenine together with [U-14C]adenosine to nucleoside-producing cultures of Actinomadura. The percentage distribution of 14C in the aglycon and the sugar moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were 46:54 and 47:53, respectively; the percentage distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribose moieties of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura was 51:49. These data show that the hydroxyl on C-2' of the ribosyl moiety of adenosine undergoes a replacement by a 2'-amino or a 2'-chloro group to form 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine or 2'-CldCF with retention of stereconfiguration at C-2'. Finally, Actinomadura can utilize inorganic chloride from the medium as demonstrated by the isolation of [36Cl]2'-CldCF following the addition of [36Cl]chloride to the culture medium. Mechanisms for the regioselective modification of the C-2' hydroxyl group and stereospecific insertion of the amino and chloro groups are discussed.     

Preparation of glycosides of 2-deoxy-2-methylamino-D-mannose, 2-deoxy-2-methylamino-D-glucose,and 2-deoxy-2-methylamino-D-galactose: observations on N-methylation of amides

Benzyl 2-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)methylamino]-2-deoxy-α-D-mannopyranoside (10) and its furanose isomer (9), the derived N-methyloxazolidinones 11 and 6, benzyl 2-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)methylamino]-2-deoxy-β-D-glucofuranoside (15) and methyl 2-deoxy-2-methylacetamido-β-D-galactofuranoside (20), were prepared from appropriate diethyl dithioacetals. They were considered the most suitable starting materials for synthesis of O-methyl-2-deoxy-2-methylamino-hexoses because of their ease of preparation and the presence of suitable blocking groups. Oxazolidinones were prepared from N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannose by using methanolic sodium methoxide. Their use in preparation of 2-deoxy-2-methyl-amino derivatives is discussed. The Kuhn reagent was used in these syntheses for N-methylating amides. However, certain amides containing comparatively bulky substituents in the vicinity of the NH group are resistant to methylation.     

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl oligonucleotides

We present procedures for nucleoside and oligonucleotide synthesis, binding affinity (Tm) and structural analysis (CD spectra) of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl oligothymidylates. Possible reasons for the thermal instability of duplexes formed between these compounds and RNA or DNA targets are discussed.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-Deoxy-d-ribose

An efficient method for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose is described.

The key step in this method was accomplished by the nucleophilic addition of methyl isocyanoacetate to 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde with high erythro-selectivity (nearly 100%).

Subsequent intermolecular cyclization predominantly gave the desired oxazoline derivative (trans-form), in which two new chiral centers were formed. The oxazoline derivative was efficiently converted to both 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose.     

Convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine from 2-fluoroadenine

A convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine from commercially available 2-fluoroadenine is described. The coupling reaction of silylated 2-fluoroadenine with phenyl 3,5-bis[O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)]-2-deoxy-1-thio-D-erythro-pentofuranoside gave the corresponding 2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine derivative (alpha/beta = 1:1) in good yield. The alpha- and beta-anomers were separated by chromatography, and then desilylated to give compounds 1a and 1b.     

A concise synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl 2-azido-2-deoxy- and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannopyranosides

4-nitrophenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-alpha- and beta-D-mannopyranosides were prepared from methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose, respectively. Chemoselective reduction of both azides with hydrogen sulfide readily afforded 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D- and -beta-D-mannopyranosides in higher yields than reduction with triphenylphosphine or a polymer-supported triarylphosphine. Subsequent de-O-acetylation yielded 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-mannopyranoside in 20% and 44% overall yields, respectively.     

Stereospecific formation of alpha-hydroxycarboxylato oxo peroxo complexes of vanadium(V). Crystal structure of (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O

An overview of structurally characterized alpha-hydroxycarboxylatodioxo- and alpha-hydroxycarboxylatooxoperoxovanadates(V) is presented and the geometric parameters of the V2O2 bridging core are discussed. The first case of a stereospecific formation of oxoperoxovanadates(V) is reported: The crystal structures of the isomeric compounds (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O (lact = C3H4O3(2-), the anion of the lactic acid) differ mainly in the arrangement of the V2O2 core and in mutual orientation of the V=O bonds. The complexes with achiral ligands adopt the same structural type as the complexes formed from a racemic mixture of a chiral ligand, while the structure obtained using an enantiopure L,L-hydroxycarboxylate is different.