指导本科生毕业论文实践的体会

本文从选题、文献资料的检索、课题的设计、基本操作技能培训、实验的原则、实验数据的处理、论文的撰写、答辩及答辩课件的制作等诸多环节入手,阐述了教师指导本科生毕业论文工作的一些方法、技巧,为指导高校毕业生毕业论文的实践工作提供参考。     

医务人员对医疗检查合理性认知情况的调查

目的 了解医院医务人员对医疗检查合理性的认知态度,为有效监管医疗检查行为提供客观依据。方法 采取方便抽样和个别访谈法,调查了58例医务人员对合理医疗检查的内涵和意义、影响医疗检查选择的因素和不合理医疗检查原因等问题的认知情况。结果 34.5%的认为只要符合患者诊疗需要的医疗检查即为合理的,87.9%的认为合理的医疗检查可以节约医疗资源,97.3%的选择医疗检查首先考虑到诊疗需要,89.7%的认为不合理医疗的原因是法律问题。讨论 医疗检查合理性评价涉及到医疗行为的技术规范、法学、经济学、伦理学和社会学等多学科的融合与平衡。     

认知功能障碍护理干预对脑出血患者康复效果分析

目的探讨认知功能障碍护理干预对脑出血患者的康复效果。方法将我院收治的60例脑出血患者随机分为对照组和观察组各30例,对照组给予脑出血常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上实施认知功能障碍护理干预,比较两组患者干预前和干预后30天的MMSE评分情况。结果干预前,两组患者的MMSE评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预30天后,观察组患者的MMSE评分优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论认知功能障碍护理干预能提高脑出血患者的认知能力,促进心理康复和机体功能的恢复,提高患者的生活质量。     

口服降糖药物患者对胰岛素治疗认知情况调查

糖尿病是一种常见的内分泌代谢疾病,随着生活方式的改变和老龄化进程的加速,我国糖尿病患病率正在呈快速上升趋势,成为继心脑血管疾病、肿瘤之后的另一个严重危害人民健康的重要性非传染性疾病。     

探讨如何提高护理专业本科生临床实习教学质量

随着整体护理、循证护理等新护理模式的出现,需要大批具有更高护理实践能力的临床实用型人才以适应社会需求。进而要求医学院校通过教学改革,提高临床教学质量,以增加护生临床综合素质。临床实习是护理教育的关键环节,是护生将理论知识与临床实践相结合的重要过程,也是护生向护士角色转化的必经途径。临床护理实习质量的优劣直接关系到向社会输送的护理人才的质量。针对如何保证护理本科生实习教学质量,总结其各个环节及其影响因素等诸方面,提出如下几点认识。     

分析如何提高独立学院生物制药专业本科毕业论文质量

本科毕业论文的写作是高校教学计划的关键构成部分。而生物制药专业作为难度较高的兴起专业之一,学生毕业论文的写作质量与其学生对专业的认识、写作基本功、实习管理及创新意识等方面有十分重要的联系。基于此,本文首先分析了当前独立学院生物制药专业本科毕业论文质量评价体系的现状,然后探索了优化生物制药专业学生毕业论文质量的措施,提出了构建新的毕业论文评价体系的构想。     

心血管疾病患者连续护理认知水平测评量表的构建

目的 研制心血管疾病患者连续护理认知水平测评量表,并检验其信效度。方法 在参阅大量国内外文献的基础上,针对心血管疾病患者的连续护理需求,经咨询专家,编制了包括4个维度、62个条目的心血管疾病患者连续护理认知水平测评量表。请5位专家评阅,测算量表的效度;选取200名心血管疾病患者进行预试验调查,检验其信度。结果 形成心血管疾病患者连续护理认知水平测评量表,量表内容效度系数为0.841 8,所有条目均与其所属维度相关;各维度与总分的相关系数r=0.873～0.968;各维度及总量表内部一致性信度Cranbach’s α =0.9020～0.9838。结论 该量表具有良好的可信度、稳定性、准确性,可作为心血管疾病患者连续性护理知识掌握程度的测评量表。

     

心肌梗死的征兆和症状及护理认知

正确辨别心肌梗死的征兆、症状,对于诊断和急救心肌梗死病患十分重要,为心肌梗死病患提供合理的、有效的护理也是预防和康复的重要途径.本研究系统论述了心肌梗死的征兆、症状以及对心肌梗死护理的认知,以期提高人们对心肌梗死得认知、自救、急救以及护理等方面的系统认识.     

安徽省医务人员对医联体建设及认知情况研究

目的 了解安徽省医务人员对医联体建设及认知情况。方法 以安徽省某医联体医务人员为研究对象,随机抽取3家医疗机构的医务人员共216名进行问卷调查,应用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果 在与各医联体成员单位开展的活动中,开展频次前三位的活动是专家坐诊（65.74%）、双向转诊（62.04%）和进修学习（56.94%）。37.04%的医务人员对医改方案和医联体指导意见表示不了解。63.43%的医务人员对目前工作状态不满意,不满意原因前三位分别是薪资待遇（40.73%）、职业发展前途（25.45%）和受尊重程度（21.09%）。90.27%的医务人员认为医联体建设需要政府扶持。结论 安徽省某医联体活动开展较好,医务人员工作积极性较高,但是在政策解读、活动内涵、人才培养等方面仍需进一步提高。     

泸州市太伏镇农村育龄妇女对产检的认知情况

目的: 通过调查泸州市太伏镇农村育龄妇女对产检的认知情况,以指导育龄妇女怀孕期间定期做产检。方法: 用随机抽样的方法对泸州市太伏镇242名农村育龄妇女进行面对面问卷调查,并对其结果进行分析。结果: 242名育龄妇女中有68.2%没有在怀孕期间定期做产检,仅有31.8%在怀孕期间定期做产检。结论: 泸州市太伏镇农村育龄妇女对产检认知情况较差,其影响因素较多,相关部门须引起重视。     

DEU教学模式在临床护理教学中的运用

目的 探讨实习专用病房(Dedicated education unit,DEU)教学模式在临床护理实习教学过程中的应用效果.方法 选择2019年6月17日～2020年3月15日在我科实习的2017级护理大专班实习护生106名,按教学方法的不同进行分组,其中使用传统带教方式的为对照组,采用DEU临床护理教学方法的为实验...     

An essay on the evolution of cognition: Constructing a theoretical conceptual framework

In this essay we provide an interdisciplinary approach to the problem of the evolution of human cognition and suggest the theoretical framework of genetic system theory (GST) for organizing the relevant content of several disciplines. This bio-social-cultural theory is based on the assumption that organisms are dynamic systems which interact with one another and their environment and are themselves composed of dynamic internal relations at several levels. Special emphasis will be placed upon these internal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological mechanisms of learning and memory. The human individual organism is emphasized because in its experiential activity over time it is the site of integration for social, and cultural stimuli and because of its unique properties among living things. The primary disciplines for our discussion are drawn from the biological, social, and humanistic sciences and several concrete examples are given from each science.     

肿瘤科护士预防导管相关性血流感染认知行为情况调查

目的调查肿瘤科护士预防导管相关性血流感染(CRSBI)的认知与行为情况。方法采用方便抽样法,应用自行设计的"预防CRSBI认知与行为问卷"对107名肿瘤科在职护士进行调查,并进行结果分析。结果 107名护士预防CRSBI知识得分20~105分,平均得分(54.95±14.77)分,平均正确率52.34%。预防CRSBI操作行为得分25~45分,平均得分(39.72±4.26)分。肿瘤科护士预防CRSBI认知情况与工作年限、技术职称和是否接受过CRSBI的知识培训有关,行为情况与是否接受过CRSBI的知识培训有关。结论应加强肿瘤科护士CRSBI相关知识的培训和考核,加强管控,进一步提高肿瘤科护士预防CRSBI的认知水平。     

The research of constructing dynamic cognition model based on brain network

Estimating the functional interactions and connections between brain regions to corresponding process in cognitive, behavioral and psychiatric domains is a central pursuit for understanding the human connectome. Few studies have examined the effects of dynamic evolution on cognitive processing and brain activation using brain network model in scalp electroencephalography (EEG) data. Aim of this study was to investigate the brain functional connectivity and construct dynamic programing model from EEG data and to evaluate a possible correlation between topological characteristics of the brain connectivity and cognitive evolution processing. Here, functional connectivity between brain regions is defined as the statistical dependence between EEG signals in different brain areas and is typically determined by calculating the relationship between regional time series using wavelet coherence. We present an accelerated dynamic programing algorithm to construct dynamic cognitive model that we found that spatially distributed regions coherence connection difference, the topologic characteristics with which they can transfer information, producing temporary network states. Our findings suggest that brain dynamics give rise to variations in complex network properties over time after variation audio stimulation, dynamic programing model gives the dynamic evolution processing at different time and frequency. In this paper, by applying a new construct approach to understand whole brain network dynamics, firstly, brain network is constructed by wavelet coherence, secondly, different time active brain regions are selected by network topological characteristics and minimum spanning tree. Finally, dynamic evolution model is constructed to understand cognitive process by dynamic programing algorithm, this model is applied to the auditory experiment, results showed that, quantitatively, more correlation was observed after variation audio stimulation, the EEG function connection dynamic evolution model on cognitive processing is feasible with wavelet coherence EEG recording.     

Effects of pregnancy on spatial cognition in female Hooded Long-Evans rats

Studies examining the roles of estrogens and progestins on spatial cognition have been highly contradictory. To determine if the hormonal environment of pregnancy affects spatial cognition, pregnant (n = 7) and virgin (n = 7) Hooded Long-Evans rats were tested in a Morris water maze throughout the 3 weeks of pregnancy and the second week postpartum. Latency to platform, path length, swim velocity, and time in quadrant were compared over trial-days. To compare water maze performance with changes in hormone levels, serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were measured on the first, third, and fifth days of testing during the third week of pregnancy. Subjects learned to find the platform as indicated by decreased time and distance to platform over each trial-week and increased time spent in the quadrant where the platform had been located the previous week. However, there were no differences between treatment groups on time or distance to platform over trial-days. Swim velocity did not differ between or within groups over the 4 weeks of testing. Although primigravid and virgin females were similar in their abilities to learn the novel location of a submerged platform and return to it over time, pregnant animals demonstrated less perseveration to previously learned information and were quicker to locate the platform when it moved to a new location. Thus, reproductive status did not affect reference memory but enhanced working memory in the Morris water maze.     

The critical period hypothesis of estrogen effects on cognition: Insights from basic research

Background

In addition to its primary role in reproduction estrogen impacts brain areas important for cognition, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. It has been hypothesized that decline in estrogen levels in women following menopause is associated with, or can exacerbate, age-related cognitive decline. However, clinical evidence to support a role for estrogen in preventing cognitive decline in women as they age is equivocal. The critical period hypothesis of estrogen effects on cognition, which proposes that estrogen administration has to be initiated within a critical time period following the loss of ovarian function in order for it to exert positive effects on the central nervous system, is offered as one explanation for inconsistencies across studies.

Scope of review

This review details results from basic research using rodent models investigating the effects of estrogen on cognition in the aging female. Emphasis is placed on work investigating effects of timing of initiation of estrogen administration on its subsequent efficacy.

Major conclusions

Results of basic research provide support for the critical period hypothesis. Furthermore, results of work in rodent models suggest mechanisms by which the response to estrogen is altered if treatment is initiated following long-term ovarian hormone deprivation.

General significance

Understanding if and under what conditions hormone administration following the loss of ovarian function positively affects the brain and behavior could have important implications with regard to female cognitive aging. Results of basic research can contribute to this understanding and provide insight into the complex mechanisms by which estrogen affects cognition.     

Influence of different estrogens on neuroplasticity and cognition in the hippocampus

Background

Estrogens modulate the morphology and function of the hippocampus. Recent studies have focused on the effects of different types of estrogens on neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and cognition. There are three main forms of estrogens found in mammals: estradiol, estrone, and estriol. The vast majority of studies have used estradiol to investigate the effects of estrogens on the brain.

Scope of review

This review focuses on the effects of different estrogens on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and cognition in female rats.

Major conclusions

Different forms of estrogens modulate neuroplasticity and cognition in complex and intriguing ways. Specifically, estrogens upregulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis (via cell proliferation) and synaptic protein levels in the hippocampus in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Low levels of estradiol facilitate spatial working memory and contextual fear conditioning while high levels of estradiol impair spatial working, spatial reference memory and contextual fear conditioning. In addition, estrone impairs contextual fear conditioning.

General significance

Advances in our knowledge of how estrogens exert their effects on the brain may ultimately lead to refinements in targeted therapies for cognitive impairments at all stages of life. However caution should be taken in interpreting current research and in conducting future studies as estrogens likely work differently in males than in females.     

护理干预对脑出血并发症发生率的影响

目的探讨护理干预对脑出血并发症发生率的影响。方法选取2013年1月~2015年6月在我院治疗的脑出血患者82例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组41例和对照组41例,观察组实施有目的、有计划的综合性护理干预,对照组给予常规护理,比较两组患者的并发症发生率及护理满意度情况。结果两组患者的并发症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的护理满意度比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论实施高效合理的护理干预对脑出血患者的病情康复有辅助作用,能有效降低并发症发生率,提高患者对护理工作的满意度。     

“情绪管理”在临床护理管理工作中的应用体会

目的：探讨情绪管理在临床护理管理工作中的应用和效果,为临床护理管理的实践提供指导和帮助。方法：选取我院244名护士为研究对象,随机分为常规管理组和情绪管理组,每组各122名护士。常规管理组采取常规的护理管理模式,情绪管理组则对护士进行情绪调节、以适当方式释放压力等情绪管理方法。比较两组研究对象在解决问题、求助、合理化、退避、自责、幻想等方面的评分情况。结果：实施不同的管理措施后,情绪管理组护士在解决问题、求助、合理化、退避、自责、幻想等方面的得分结果明显优于常规管理组护士的得分结果,差异显著有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：情绪管理对临床护理管理工作的实践具有重要意义,可有效调节护理人员的工作情绪,从而提高临床护理的质量。     

Evidence that androgenic and estrogenic metabolites contribute to the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone on cognition in postmenopausal women

Prior studies of the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on cognition have produced complex and inconsistent results. We hypothesize that these results may arise, in part, because of DHEA's metabolism into estrogens and androgens that produce opposing effects on cognition. Our study administered 50 mg of oral DHEA daily for 4 weeks in a placebo-controlled crossover design to six postmenopausal women. We measured blood levels of androgens (total testosterone, free testosterone, DHEA, DHEAS), estrogens (estradiol, estrone), and cognitive performance on recognition memory, perceptual identification, digit span memory, and visual attentional vigilance under both drug and placebo conditions. Multiple regression models incorporating the factors of age and body mass index (BMI) were used to ascertain the relation between sex steroids and cognitive performance. Our results demonstrated that estrogens produced a positive effect on recognition memory, while androgens produced a negative effect. This pattern reversed in perceptual identification with estrogens producing a negative effect and androgens producing a positive effect. In addition, BMI produced a negative effect on digit span memory, age produced a negative effect on perceptual identification, and androgens produced a negative effect on visual attentional vigilance. These results help, in part, to explain DHEA's complex effects on cognition. The diverse effects of sex steroids across tasks underscore the importance of identifying the specific cognitive mechanisms influenced by sex steroids and emphasizes that one should not expect sex steroids to produce homogeneous effects across cognitive tasks.