鸭毛梗制备复合氨基酸工艺条件的研究

采用正交试验方法 ,研究了鸭毛梗水解制备复合氨基酸的工艺条件 ,结果表明 :温度 /压力是影响氨基酸转化率最主要的因素。鸭毛梗水解制备的复合氨基酸转化率盐酸法最高 (82 .36 % ) ,氢氧化钠法最低 (5 8.4 6 % ) ,硫酸法与盐酸法接近(79.4 4 % )。硫酸法产率较高 ,操作方便 ,环境污染和设备腐蚀均小 ,适合大量生产 ,确定为水解制备复合氨基酸介质 ,其最佳工艺条件为 :水解时间 8.0h ,硫酸浓度 3.0mol·L-1,水解温度 12 5℃。氨基酸分析表明 ,水解液中均含有 18种以上氨基酸。     

杜仲叶黄酮苷元水解及富集纯化工艺研究

以杜仲叶提取物为原料,采用酸水解的方法制备杜仲叶黄酮苷元,通过单因素及正交试验优化杜仲叶黄酮苷元的水解条件;并研究了聚酰胺两步法富集黄酮苷元的工艺条件。结果表明:当料液比为2∶1(mg/m L)时,杜仲叶黄酮苷元水解的最佳工艺参数为:水解温度80℃,水解时间3 h,盐酸浓度6 mol/L,黄酮苷元的含量可达到2.512%。水解样品经过一次聚酰胺静态吸附,黄酮苷元的纯度可达12.87%,再经聚酰胺二次富集,杜仲黄酮苷元纯度可达63.19%。     

鲜猪血加压水解制备复合氨基酸新工艺的研究

采用正交试验方法,对鲜猪血加压水解制取复合氨基酸工艺条件进行优选。试验结果表明,采用鲜猪血加压水解制取复合氨基酸与采用猪血粉常压水解相比,简化了生产工序,缩短水解时间８～１２小时,降低能耗２倍多,减少硫酸用量２～３倍,而产品质量稳定可靠。     

酶法提取金乌贼墨汁中黑色素的工艺条件研究

以金乌贼墨汁为原料,采用单因素试验,对胰蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,胃蛋白酶,中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶等五种酶提取黑色素的效果进行比较分析,筛选出水解效果较好的碱性蛋白酶。并通过正交试验,优化了碱性蛋白酶酶解金乌贼墨汁的最佳工艺,实验结果表明,在底物浓度2%、水解温度50℃、pH值为7.4,加酶量4200U/g和水解8h的条件下进行水解的效果较好。     

白蜡虫卵蛋白酶解工艺的研究

本项目对白蜡虫(Ericerus pela)卵蛋白的酶解工艺进行了研究。通过正交试验确定木瓜蛋白酶为适宜的水解用酶,最佳用量为1.5%;酶解条件为酶解温度50℃,酶解pH值9.0,酶解时间24 h,原料与水比例为1∶20;试验结果还表明原料在酶解前经过预处理,蛋白水解率可提高20.7%,预处理条件为原料在20倍的1 mol/L盐酸溶液中,80℃恒温加热30 min;在确定的最佳条件下对白蜡虫卵进行预处理和酶解,蛋白水解率可达58.4%。     

高压水解鸭毛硬梗制成工业规格蛋白胨

<正> 我厂生产出口羽毛及羽绒制品,每年有几十吨下脚(鹅鸭毛硬梗)。废羽毛属角蛋白。用废羽毛肥田实在可惜,能否利用废羽毛角蛋白生产蛋白胨呢?1974年我们进行了试制工作,采用高压水解法试制成功工业规格蛋白胨。 1975年7月经过技术鉴定;76年底投入了试生产;79年3月获得了省科技成果三等奖。经过几年来试生产,证实这条工艺路线具有水解不用酸、碱、酶;工艺简单;操作方便;生产周期短;没有三废污染的优点。     

几种蛋白酶对文蛤肉的酶解工艺条件研究

以文蛤为原料,水解度为指标,从胰蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,胃蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶中选出水解效果较好的胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶.并通过实验确定了胰蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶单酶水解及两者组合复合酶解文蛤肉的最佳工艺.结果表明:复合水解效果最佳.最佳工艺:先添加胰酶6000 u/g(原料),水解温度50℃,固液比1:3(V/W),pH 8.0,在此条件下水解6 h;然后改变条件,温度55℃,pH 5.5,底物浓度1:3(V/W),添加木瓜蛋白酶2000 u/g(原料),在此条件下水解2 h.通过实验验证,胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶组合在该条件下对文蛤肉蛋白具有较好的水解效果,其水解度为28.15%.     

复合酶法水解香菇工艺的研究

【目的】高效提取香菇中的功能性成分,进一步开发利用香菇的食用价值。【方法】以香菇为原料,在单因素试验和正交试验的基础上,研究了复合酶法(纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶和5-磷酸二酯酶)水解香菇的工艺条件。【结果】第一步为纤维素酶和木瓜蛋白酶共同水解,加酶量分别为0.2%和0.4%,水解温度55°C,水解时间3 h,初始pH 5.5;第二步为5-磷酸二酯酶水解,加酶量为0.2%,水解温度70°C,水解时间2 h,初始pH 7.0。用此法得到的香菇水解液水解度为39.48%,游离氨基酸得率10.25%,5-核苷酸得率0.768%,多糖得率8.67%。【结论】此香菇水解液富含呈鲜味物质和其它营养物质,可进一步深加工为香菇调味品。     

魔芋葡甘露低聚糖的酶法制备工艺的初步研究

利用β-甘露聚糖酶产品水解魔芋胶制备魔芋葡甘露低聚糖的工艺条件。在加样顺序、pH、酶添加量、时间、温度等单因素试验的基础上,进一步通过正交试验确定的最佳工艺条件为:魔芋胶浓度10g/L,酶添加量为100U/g,pH5.5,45℃条件下,酶解时间1.5h。再利用酵母发酵去除可发酵性糖的方法,以获得最终产物为100%的魔芋葡甘露低聚糖。     

盐酸催化水解槐角异黄酮的研究

利用盐酸甲醇溶液对槐角总异黄酮进行水解制备染料木黄酮。采用高效液相色谱法检测槐角异黄酮水解率。探讨水解时间、盐酸浓度和水解温度对异黄酮水解率的影响,并通过响应面法确定最佳水解条件。实验结果表明最佳水解条件为:水解时间3.8 h、盐酸浓度2.59 mol/L、水解温度78.5℃。在此工艺下,槐角异黄酮水解率达93.38%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.