Relationship between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community dynamics during late spring and early summer in Lake Taihu, China

The relationship between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions was investigated from April to June, 2005 with samples taken at five different stations in Lake Taihu, China. Bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction amplified bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments (PCR-DGGE) and microscopic examination, respectively, revealed a high degree of diversity. In total, 43 unique bands were identified amongst the DGGE profiles, and 29 dominant phytoplankton populations were observed. The DGGE profiles were clustered into two distinct groups. These two clusters were closely associated with two dominant phytoplanktons, Ulothrix sp. and Microcystis spp., as observed on April 19, May 27 and June 27, 2005, respectively. The relationship between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions was investigated using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of phytoplankton community (Hp), the total cell abundance of phytoplankton (N) and the relative abundance of Microcystis spp. (M) as the variables. The CCA results indicated a 30.9 % correlation coefficient, suggesting a high degree of correlation between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions.     

太湖浮游细菌与春末浮游藻类群落结构演替的相关分析

为研究浮游细菌与浮游藻类群落演替的相关性,2005年4月至6月在太湖5个观测点采集浮游细菌及浮游藻类样本。分别采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR—DGGE）和显微观察的方法分析浮游细菌及浮游藻类群落组成。结果表明,春末夏初,浮游细菌与藻类均呈现较高的多样性,浮游细菌DGGE图谱具有43种不同条带,浮游藻类的常见种有29种。浮游细菌群落聚类分析显示,丝藻（Ulothrix sp．）和微囊藻（Microcystis spp．）占优势时,浮游细菌群落基因组成存在明显差异。以藻类种群Shannon—Wiener多样性指数（Hp）,浮游藻类总细胞数（N）以及Microcystis spp．（M）百分含量为变量,典型对应分析（CCA）结果显示浮游细菌与浮游藻类群落结构变化的相关系数为30．9％,表明春末夏初太湖浮游细菌与浮游藻类群落演替具有较高的相关性。     

Seasonal dynamics of bacterioplankton community structure in a eutrophic lake as determined by 5S rRNA analysis.

Community structure of bacterioplankton was studied during the major growth season for phytoplankton (April to October) in the epilimnion of a temperate eutrophic lake (Lake Plusssee, northern Germany) by using comparative 5S rRNA analysis. Estimates of the relative abundances of single taxonomic groups were made on the basis of the amounts of single 5S rRNA bands obtained after high-resolution electrophoresis of RNA directly from the bacterioplankton. Full-sequence analysis of single environmental 5S rRNAs enabled the identification of single taxonomic groups of bacteria. Comparison of partial 5S rRNA sequences allowed the detection of changes of single taxa over time. Overall, the whole bacterioplankton community showed two to eight abundant (>4% of the total 5S rRNA) taxa. A distinctive seasonal succession was observed in the taxonomic structure of this pelagic community. A rather-stable community structure, with seven to eight different taxonomic units, was observed beginning in April during the spring phytoplankton bloom. A strong reduction in this diversity occurred at the beginning of the clear-water phase (early May), when only two to four abundant taxa were observed, with one taxon dominating (up to 72% of the total 5S rRNA). The community structure during summer stagnation (June and July) was characterized by frequent changes of different dominating taxa. During late summer, a dinoflagellate bloom (Ceratium hirudinella) occurred, with Comamonas acidovorans (beta-subclass of the class Proteobacteria) becoming the dominant bacterial species (average abundance of 43% of the total 5S rRNA). Finally, the seasonal dynamics of the community structure of bacterioplankton were compared with the abundances of other major groups of the aquatic food web, such as phyto- and zooplankton, revealing that strong grazing pressure by zooplankton can reduce microbial diversity substantially in pelagic environments.     

新疆阿克苏地区盐碱地细菌类群多样性及优势菌群分析

【目的】研究新疆阿克苏地区盐碱土样中细菌类群多样性和优势种群,及其与环境因子的相关性。【方法】采用基于16S rDNA的变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)、克隆测序和典型相关性分析(CCA)的方法。【结果】优势菌群序列分析表明有29个序列属于未培养的微生物,其他43个序列分属细菌的9个目:粘球菌目(Myxococcales)、假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)、根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)、伯克氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、放线菌目(Actinomycetales)、海洋螺菌目(Oceanospirillales)、黄杆菌目(Flavobacteriales)、交替单胞菌目(Alteromonadales),21个属。【结论】新疆阿克苏地区土壤中的微生物丰富度非常高,存在大量的细菌类群,优势菌群不尽相同,盐碱土样中微生物群落结构与环境因子是密切相关的。     

Bacterioplankton Community Composition in Five Lakes Differing in Trophic Status and Humic Content

Abstract To investigate the relation between lake type and bacterioplankton community composition, five Swedish lakes, which differed from each other in nutrient content and water color, were studied. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA was used to examine community composition. The DGGE-patterns of the different samples were analyzed in relation to physical, chemical, and biological data from the lakes by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The three variables found to most strongly correlate with the DGGE patterns were biomasses of microzooplankton, cryptophytes, and chrysophytes, suggesting that these biota had an impact on bacterioplankton community structure. Two of the three factors were, in turn, significantly correlated to parameters associated with the trophic status of the lakes, indicating that the nutrient content of the lakes, at least indirectly, influenced the structure of the bacterioplankton community. The relation to water color was less pronounced. Received: 16 February 2000; Accepted: 27 April 2000; Online Publication: 18 July 2000     

Changes in bacterioplankton composition under different phytoplankton regimens

The results of empirical studies have revealed links between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, such as the frequent correlation between chlorophyll a and bulk bacterial abundance and production. Nevertheless, little is known about possible links at the level of specific taxonomic groups. To investigate this issue, seawater microcosm experiments were performed in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Turbulence was used as a noninvasive means to induce phytoplankton blooms dominated by different algae. Microcosms exposed to turbulence became dominated by diatoms, while small phytoflagellates gained importance under still conditions. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments showed that changes in phytoplankton community composition were followed by shifts in bacterioplankton community composition, both as changes in the presence or absence of distinct bacterial phylotypes and as differences in the relative abundance of ubiquitous phylotypes. Sequencing of DGGE bands showed that four Roseobacter phylotypes were present in all microcosms. The microcosms with a higher proportion of phytoflagellates were characterized by four phylotypes of the Bacteroidetes phylum: two affiliated with the family Cryomorphaceae and two with the family Flavobacteriaceae. Two other Flavobacteriaceae phylotypes were characteristic of the diatom-dominated microcosms, together with one Alphaproteobacteria phylotype (Roseobacter) and one Gammaproteobacteria phylotype (Methylophaga). Phylogenetic analyses of published Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that members of the Flavobacteriaceae are remarkably responsive to phytoplankton blooms, indicating these bacteria could be particularly important in the processing of organic matter during such events. Our data suggest that quantitative and qualitative differences in phytoplankton species composition may lead to pronounced differences in bacterioplankton species composition.     

热带调水水库春季浮游植物群落的结构与动态

于2005年1-6月,对南亚热带调水水库—大镜山水库的水文、营养盐(N、P)和浮游植物进行了调查研究。共检测到浮游植物76种;浮游植物总的细胞数量在4.925×106-63.65×106cellsL-1之间,浮游植物的总生物量在1.632-20.420mgL-1之间。假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)是主要优势藻,但是早春(1-3月)假鱼腥藻和肘状针杆藻(Synedraulna)共同成为优势藻。浮游植物细胞的丰度晚春(4-6月)比早春的要高,但是生物量却比早春的低。在水文过程与其它水库有一定差别的典型调水水库,水温是引起浮游植物种类组成变化的主要原因。浮游植物组成与动态是受入库营养盐和水动力学的变化所影响的。     

拉萨河流域浮游植物群落结构特征及与环境因子的关系

于2017年8月对拉萨河浮游植物群落组成、丰度、功能群以及多样性指数进行调查,利用典范对应分析法(CCA)分析浮游植物物种与水环境因子的关系。结果表明:流域种类组成以硅藻门(60.4%)为主,其次是绿藻门(20.8%),其余种类18.8%;物种平均丰度为3857cells/L,硅藻门94.6%,蓝藻门3.1%,绿藻门2.3%;种类少、丰度低是拉萨河流域浮游植物群落结构的主要特征;研究区优势种以菱形藻为主; MP、D和P是划分出来的15类功能群中的优势功能群,合计占总丰度的93%,剩余12类仅占7%; Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数及Pielou's evenness指数平均值分别为1.41、1.77和0.5,单因素方差分析(ANOVA)表明三类多样性指数在各支流之间、干流与各支流之间无显著差异; CCA排序结果表明:p H、化学需氧量(CODCr)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)是影响拉萨河流域浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子;同时,pH、TN、TP也是影响浮游植物功能群分布格局的主要因子。     

海南西部近岸浮游植物的周年变化及主要关联因素

报道了2008—2009年4季度海南西部近岸浮游植物群落的周年动态并探讨其主要关联因素。165份样品经鉴定共有浮游植物4门74属155种(含5变型和2变种),周年平均丰度为(6.36±4.75)×103cells/L。硅藻在物种组成和丰度上均占绝对优势,其次为甲藻,蓝藻(束毛藻)在7月增殖。主要优势种为菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、奇异棍形藻(Bacillaria paradoxa)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、笔尖根管藻(Rhizosolenia styliformis)、束毛藻(Trichodesmium spp.)、海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)等。物种组成的季节差异较大,10月浮游植物种类贫乏,1月次之,4月、7月最丰富。丰度10月最高,季节差异并不明显。束毛藻在4月、7月呈斑块状群聚分布。浮游植物周年平均丰度并不高(<1.0×104cells/L)。不同季节优势种有明显的交错和变化,菱形海线藻、奇异棍形藻、具槽帕拉藻为全年优势种。浮游植物物种多样性指数和均匀度都表现出较高的值,均匀度与多样性指数的季节变化特点基本一致,群落多样性高的季节物种均匀度也好。物种多样性指数指示调查区水体遭受污染程度低,水质状况优。调查区各季节的浮游植物丰度与温度之间无显著的相关关系,1月丰度与盐度则呈密切负相关关系。10月浮游植物丰度与无机氮(DIN)呈密切的正相关关系。7月浮游植物丰度与活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)呈密切的负相关关系。浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力直接影响到后者的丰度变动,并伴随着海区生态系统的相关复杂现象及生物学过程的作用。     

Distribution of bacterioplankton in meromictic Lake Saelenvannet, as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified gene fragments coding for 16S rRNA.

The community structure of bacterioplankton in meromictic Lake Saelenvannet was examined by PCR amplification of the V3 region of 16S rRNA from microbial communities recovered from various depths in the water column. Two different primer sets were used, one for amplification of DNA from the domain Bacteria and another specific for DNA from the domain Archaea. Amplified DNA fragments were resolved by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and the resulting profiles were reproducible and specific for the communities from different depths. Bacterial diversity estimated from the number and intensity of specific fragments in DGGE profiles decreased with depth. The reverse was true for the Archaea, with the diversity increasing with depth. Hybridization of DGGE profiles with oligonucleotide probes specific for phylogenetic groups of microorganisms showed the presence of both sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens throughout the water column, but they appeared to be most abundant below the chemocline. Several dominant fragments in the DGGE profiles were excised and sequenced. Among the dominant populations were representatives related to Chlorobium phaeovibrioides, chloroplasts from eukaryotic algae, and unidentified Archaea.     

Changes in Bacterioplankton Composition under Different Phytoplankton Regimens

The results of empirical studies have revealed links between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, such as the frequent correlation between chlorophyll a and bulk bacterial abundance and production. Nevertheless, little is known about possible links at the level of specific taxonomic groups. To investigate this issue, seawater microcosm experiments were performed in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Turbulence was used as a noninvasive means to induce phytoplankton blooms dominated by different algae. Microcosms exposed to turbulence became dominated by diatoms, while small phytoflagellates gained importance under still conditions. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments showed that changes in phytoplankton community composition were followed by shifts in bacterioplankton community composition, both as changes in the presence or absence of distinct bacterial phylotypes and as differences in the relative abundance of ubiquitous phylotypes. Sequencing of DGGE bands showed that four Roseobacter phylotypes were present in all microcosms. The microcosms with a higher proportion of phytoflagellates were characterized by four phylotypes of the Bacteroidetes phylum: two affiliated with the family Cryomorphaceae and two with the family Flavobacteriaceae. Two other Flavobacteriaceae phylotypes were characteristic of the diatom-dominated microcosms, together with one Alphaproteobacteria phylotype (Roseobacter) and one Gammaproteobacteria phylotype (Methylophaga). Phylogenetic analyses of published Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that members of the Flavobacteriaceae are remarkably responsive to phytoplankton blooms, indicating these bacteria could be particularly important in the processing of organic matter during such events. Our data suggest that quantitative and qualitative differences in phytoplankton species composition may lead to pronounced differences in bacterioplankton species composition.     

Relations between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton abundance in three lentic ecosystems in the Colombian Andes

We analyzed relations among phytoplankton and total bacterioplankton fractions in three lentic ecosystems (Neusa and Prado dams, and Fúquene lagoon) with different physicochemical characteristics, in the Andes of Colombia. Samplings were made in three sites of each water body during three surveys. Neusa dam (meso to oligotrophic) had the lowest bacterial concentration; Prado dam (eutrophic) had a high bacterial and algal abundance, and the Fúquene lagoon (mesotrophic) had lower concentrations of phytoplankton but a high relative concentration of bacteria, probably because of its particular conditions: high organic matter and low nutrient levels in the water. There was a negative correlation of total bacterioplankton with the phytoplankton (Pearson = -0.4479, p = 0.019, n=27) and a positive correlation between phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria (Pearson = 0.3866, p = 0.062, n=24) and between total bacterioplankton and DBOs (Pearson = 0.4088, p = 0.034, n=27). Apparently, total bacterioplankton and phytoplankton were not coupling, but cultivable bacteria and the phytoplankton had some degree of relationship.     

上海崇明岛明珠湖浮游植物群落结构

2007年1月至12月对崇明岛明珠湖的浮游植物群落结构和物种多样性的周年动态进行了初步研究.共发现浮游植物120种, 隶属于8门63属.优势种包括小席藻、微小平裂藻、旋折平裂藻、不定微囊藻和肘状针杆藻.浮游植物的年平均丰度和年平均生物量分别为5361.57×10⁴ cell·L^-1和7.68 mg·L^-1.浮游植物现存量各月间差异极显著(P<0.01),在7月达到最高峰值, 但各站点间差异不显著.浮游植物的Shannon多样性指数和Margalef指数夏秋季低, 冬春季高.生物学评价显示,明珠湖冬春两季的水质要优于夏秋两季, 且目前正处于中富营养阶段, 水体为α-中污型.典范相关分析结果表明, 影响明珠湖浮游植物群落结构的主要因子依次为温度、总磷和总氮.     

大亚湾澳头水域浮游植物群落结构及周年数量动态

对1997年至1998年广东省大亚湾澳头水域的浮游植物群落进行调查和分析。结果发现浮游植物65属198种;硅藻在种类组成和数量上都比甲藻占有优势,存在春季和秋季高峰,主要优势类群依次是角毛藻、骨条藻、拟菱形藻等;甲藻只存在春季高峰,代表种类有裸甲藻、原甲藻等。主要优势种类的生长与调查水域的盐度没有明显关系,但全年水温的季节性变化对优势种类的消长影响显著。Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数、均匀度的年平均值分别是0.611、2.107、0.557,多样性指数没有明显的季节变化规律和水平分布规律。       

Pronounced summer to winter differences and higher wintertime richness in coastal Antarctic marine bacterioplankton

Marine bacterioplankton studies over the annual cycle in polar systems are limited due to logistic constraints in site access and support. Here, we conducted a comparative study of marine bacterioplankton sampled at several time points over the annual cycle (12 occasions each) at sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands (KI) and Antarctic Peninsula (AP) coastal sites in order to establish a better understanding of the extent and nature of variation in diversity and community structure at these different latitudes (49-64S). Molecular methods targeting the 16S rRNA gene (DGGE, CE-SSCP and tag pyrosequencing) suggest a strong seasonal pattern with higher richness in winter and a clear influence of phytoplankton bloom events on bacterioplankton community structure and diversity in both locations. The distribution of sequence tags within Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteriodetes differed between the two regions. At both sites, several abundant Rhodobacteraceae, uncultivated Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteriodetes-associated tags displayed intense seasonal variation often with similar trends at both sites. This enhanced understanding of variability in dominant groups of bacterioplankton over the annual cycle contributes to an expanding baseline to understand climate change impacts in the coastal zone of polar oceans and provides a foundation for comparison with open ocean polar systems.     

洋河水库浮游植物组成及优势种演替规律研究

在洋河水库设置6个采样点, 对浮游植物进行了周年研究, 并在夏季进行了每周一次的加密采样, 以揭示水华期间藻类优势种演替规律。结果表明洋河水库全年共检测到浮游植物8门41属49种, 群落季节变化与温度密切相关。春季隐藻门的啮齿隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)为优势, 夏季初期表层水温在25℃以下时, 绿藻门的波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)占主要优势; 当表层水温升至25℃以上, 微囊藻(Microcystis spp.)迅速取代其成为绝对优势。秋季硅藻门的克洛脆杆藻(Fragiaria crotomensis)和隐藻门的啮齿隐藻(C. erosa)为优势。空间分布上水库北部浅水区域隐藻和硅藻生物量普遍高于南部; 受东南风影响, 蓝藻生物量在西洋河口S2点位最大。CCA分析表明夏季水华主体微囊藻的生物量与氮浓度正相关, 螺旋鱼腥藻在夏季仅作为第二优势种短暂出现于西洋河口处, 其出现与否受到磷营养盐的限制。       

Annual Patterns in Bacterioplankton Community Variability in a Humic Lake

Bacterioplankton community composition (BCC) was monitored in a shallow humic lake in northern Wisconsin, USA, over 3 years using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). Comparison of ARISA profiles of bacterial communities over time indicated that BCC was highly variable on a seasonal and annual scale. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis indicated little similarity in BCC from year to year. Nevertheless, annual patterns in bacterioplankton community diversity were observed. Trends in bacterioplankton community diversity were correlated to annual patterns in community succession observed for phytoplankton and zooplankton populations, consistent with the notion that food web interactions affect bacterioplankton community structure in this humic lake. Bacterioplankton communities experience a dramatic drop in richness and abundance each year in early summer, concurrent with an increase in the abundance of both mixotrophic and heterotrophic flagellates. A second drop in richness, but not abundance, is observed each year in late summer, coinciding with an intense bloom of the nonphagotrophic dinoflagellate Peridinium limbatum. A relationship between bacterial community composition, size, and abundance and the population dynamics of Daphnia was also observed. The noted synchrony between these major population and species shifts suggests that linkages across trophic levels play a role in determining the annual time course of events for the microbial and metazoan components of the plankton.     

深圳湾浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为研究深圳湾海域浮游植物的群落结构及其与水环境的关系,分别于春夏秋冬(2013年8月至2014年4月)四个季度对深圳湾进行采样分析,并对调查区域内的浮游植物及其主要环境因子进行了相关性分析.结果表明,深圳湾海域共鉴定出浮游植物111种(包括变种和变型):硅藻35属86种,甲藻4属15种,绿藻6属6种,蓝藻3属4种,其中...     

Characterization of bacterial communities in four freshwater lakes differing in nutrient load and food web structure

The phylogenetic composition of bacterioplankton communities in the water column of four shallow eutrophic lakes was analyzed by partially sequencing cloned 16S rRNA genes and by PCR-DGGE analysis. The four lakes differed in nutrient load and food web structure: two were in a clearwater state and had dense stands of submerged macrophytes, while two others were in a turbid state characterized by the occurrence of phytoplankton blooms. One turbid and one clearwater lake had very high nutrient levels (total phosphorus > 100 microg/l), while the other lakes were less nutrient rich (total phosphorus < 100 microg/l). Cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling and ANOSIM (analysis of similarity) were used to investigate differences among the bacterial community composition in the four lakes. Our results show that each lake has its own distinct bacterioplankton community. The samples of lake Blankaart differed substantially from those of the other lakes; this pattern was consistent throughout the year of study. The bacterioplankton community composition in lake Blankaart seems to be less diverse and less stable than in the other three lakes. Clone library results reveal that Actinobacteria strongly dominated the bacterial community in lake Blankaart. The relative abundance of Betaproteobacteria was low, whereas this group was dominant in the other three lakes. Turbid lakes had a higher representation of Cyanobacteria, while clearwater lakes were characterized by more representatives of the Bacteroidetes. Correlating our DGGE data with environmental parameters, using the BIOENV procedure, suggests that differences are partly related to the equilibrium state of the lake.     

巨桉凋落叶分解对菊苣生长及光合特性的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了巨桉凋落叶分解初期对菊苣幼苗生长和光合生理特性的影响.试验设置A₁(30 g·pot^-1)、A₂(60 g·pot^-1)、A₃(90 g·pot^-1)和对照（CK）4个凋落叶水平,将各处理的凋落叶分别与12 kg土壤混合后装盆,播种菊苣.待A₃处理植株的第3片真叶完全展开后测定菊苣光合生理指标及相关生长指标.结果表明：巨桉凋落叶分解初期明显抑制了菊苣生物量积累、叶面积的增加及光合色素的合成,且随着凋落叶施入量的增加抑制作用加大;菊苣叶片胞间CO₂浓度增加,而净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著低于对照;随土壤中凋落叶含量的增加,除CO₂补偿点呈增加趋势外,其他光响应和CO₂响应的特征参数都呈明显下降趋势,并与对照差异显著.巨桉凋落叶分解过程中,其化感物质逐步释放并作用于受体植物,抑制其光合色素合成和光合作用,降低其环境适应能力,从而抑制菊苣的生长.