显示三角涡虫神经系统的三种方法

涡虫在动物系统演化史中占有十分重要的地位,同时又具有很强的再生能力,如何显示其正常组织结构,对研究涡虫的再生具有重要意义。本文用3种染色方法(H.E染色、Masson染色、Van Gieson染色)显示了日本三角涡虫(Dugesia japonica)的神经系统,结果表明,尽管3种方法都能很清晰地显示涡虫的神经系统,但在显示咽部神经时,只有Masson染色能够很清晰地显示。     

应用分光光度法测定气管炎疫苗原液配制浓度方法的研究

建立应用分光光度法测定不同菌种原液配制浓度的方法。实验中采用细菌比浊法和分光光度法进行对比研究,利用线性回归方程,确定不同菌种原液配制浓度A660值范围。实验结果表明不同菌种原液配制浓度A660值范围分别为:甲型溶血性链球菌为:1.08~1.27;白色葡萄球菌为0.48~0.57;卡他布朗汉姆菌为0.50~0.60。3种菌液等比例混合配制半成品,在660nm波长下测得A值范围为0.65~0.80,符合《中国药典》规定。分光光度法专属性强、线性好、范围准确可靠,可进行原液浓度定量分析。     

三种提取苹果绵蚜基因组DNA方法的比较

参考国内外昆虫基因组DNA提取的常用方法,选取KAc法、氯仿-异戊醇法和盐析法3种方法对苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)基因组DNA进行提取.通过基因组DNA直接琼脂糖凝胶电泳、SSR引物扩增产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,对3种方法所提基因组DNA的质量进行了比较,并综合分析了提取所需时间及所用试剂的毒性大小等.结果表明,盐析法操作程序较简便快捷,节时省工,可得较好质量的DNA样本,且对试验操作人员无伤害,是一种值得推广应用的基因组DNA提取方法.     

A numerical study of oxygen diffusion in a spherical cell with the Michaelis-Menten oxygen uptake kinetics

A numerical method is presented for the solution of reaction diffusion systems in biology. The method is used to re-examine the oxygen diffusion in a spherical cell with the Michaelis-Menten oxygen uptake kinetics.     

活血解毒、益气养阴法治疗狼疮性血管炎临床及免疫研究

目的：观察活血解毒、益气养阴法对狼疮性血管炎临床疗效及免疫功能的影响。方法：选择系统性红斑狼疮患者60例,其中活动期伴血管炎40例,非活动期20例,同时选择20例健康人作为对照组,检测可溶性血栓调节素（sTM）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的水平、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）的阳性率;并将40例活动期伴血管炎患者随机分为中西医结合治疗组（狼疮饮＋常规西药）和对照组（常规西药）,治疗6个月后观察临床疗效,并检测治疗前和治疗后第1,6个月sTM、VEGF、ANCA水平和阳性率变化。结果：中西医结合治疗组疗效优于对照组,治疗组治疗后sTM、VEGF、ANCA水平和阳性率下降优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：中西医结合治疗可提高狼疮性血管炎的疗效,改善免疫功能。     

活血解毒、益气养阴法治疗狼疮性血管炎临床及免疫研究

目的:观察活血解毒、益气养阴法对狼疮性血管炎临床疗效及免疫功能的影响。方法:选择系统性红斑狼疮患者60例,其中活动期伴血管炎40例,非活动期20例,同时选择20例健康人作为对照组,检测可溶性血栓调节素(sTM)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的水平、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)的阳性率;并将40例活动期伴血管炎患者随机分为中西医结合治疗组(狼疮饮+常规西药)和对照组(常规西药),治疗6个月后观察临床疗效,并检测治疗前和治疗后第1,6个月sTM、VEGF、ANCA水平和阳性率变化。结果:中西医结合治疗组疗效优于对照组,治疗组治疗后sTM、VEGF、ANCA水平和阳性率下降优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗可提高狼疮性血管炎的疗效,改善免疫功能。     

On the principle underlying the tabular method to compute coancestry

Summary The tabular method to compute coancestry between two individuals is based on the principle that coancestry may be computed as the average coancestry between one individual and the parents of the other, on the condition that the former individual is not a direct descendent of the latter. It follows that coancestry also may be computed as the average of the four coancestries between the parents of the two individuals, on the condition that each individual is not a direct descendent of the other. The requirement for these conditions is explained.This research was supported in part by the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Hatch Projects 35-345 and 35-367     

酵母表达重组人血清白蛋白检测方法的比较

应用生化法、电泳扫描结合Bradford法、竞争ELISA等3种方法检测酵母表达重组人血清白蛋白(rHSA)的表达量。结果表明,3种方法检测结果近似。比较而言,生化法灵敏度较低,但操作简便,价格低廉;竞争ELISA法灵敏度最高,但需要特异的抗体;电泳扫描结合Bradford法需要特殊仪器,操作繁琐,花费时间长,灵敏度介于生化法和竞争ELISA法之间。综合利弊,生化法可作为检测酵母表达rHSA的首选方法,如条件允许,可考虑采用电泳扫描结合Bradford法或竞争EUSA。     

关于标准化法中选择标准的探讨

本文从理论上探讨了标准化法中不同的选择标准对标准化率顺位关系影响的结果,指出了文[1]、[2]中关于不同的选择标准对标准化率谁高谁低关系不变成立的条件,进一步地给出了当此条件不满足时,应采取的选择标准．从而澄清了一些易混淆的错误理解．     

生物法合成丙烯酸的研究进展

丙烯酸是一种重要的化工原料,被广泛应用于涂料、超吸附材料等领域。目前丙烯酸的获得主要通过丙烯氧化,但由于石油资源日渐枯竭以及生产过程造成的环境问题,利用生物质资源生产丙烯酸已成为研究热点。介绍了丙烯酸的性质及其在工业上的应用,并详细综述了生物法制备丙烯酸的研究进展。根据丙烯酸生产中是否应用传统的化工过程,将其分为半生物合成和全生物合成。半生物法主要包括乳酸化学法脱水以及丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺的生物转化;全生物法主要包括乳酸生物法脱水、3-羟基丙酸途径、糖直接发酵法以及DMSP(二甲基巯基丙酸内盐)途径。由于乳酸发酵的工艺成熟、原料易得,因此对乳酸脱水进行了重点介绍,其中生物法脱水符合可持续发展的要求,对其进行了详细介绍。同时还分析了各种方法的优缺点,探讨了利用生物质资源生产丙烯酸的研究趋势。     

收集挥发性样品的吸附剂法和固相微萃取法

本文介绍挥发性信息化学物质的两种收集方法——吸附剂收集法和固相微萃取收集法,以植物挥发性化学物质收集为例为例,详述了两种方法的原理、步骤、注意事项和实例,最后比较了两种收集方法的优缺点,供相关工作者使用时参考。     

可渗透管网络非定常跨壁传输问题的解耦算法

提出了可渗透管网络非定常跨壁传输问题的解耦算法,这是一种有限元法与初值问题Ｃａｕｃｈｙ方法相结合的半解析算法。在一维管流的假设下,通过引入插值函数,得到用管外变量表示的管内变量的解析解,使最终导出的有限元方程中只包管外变量,从而减少了联立方程的数目,大大节省了计算时间,本方法特别适用于大型网络的数值计算。     

Perfusion-Perls and -Turnbull methods supplemented by DAB intensification for nonheme iron histochemistry: demonstration of the superior sensitivity of the methods in the liver,spleen, and stomach of the rat

Perfusion-Perls and -Turnbull methods supplemented by the intensification with 3,3-diaminobenzidine (+ DAB) enabled stronger and more extensive staining of nonheme iron than the Perls + and Turnbull + DAB methods carried out on tissue sections fixed with 10% formalin in 0.9% saline or PBS. The section- and perfusion-Perls + DAB methods are not specific for the demonstration of nonheme ferric iron but also stain nonheme ferrous iron. However, owing to its high sensitivity, the perfusion-Perls + DAB method would provide useful information about nonheme iron deposition regardless of oxidation states in normal and pathological conditions. The perfusion-Turnbull + DAB method is specifically demonstrable of nonheme ferrous iron and the results from this method showed significant stores of nonheme ferrous iron in the hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, splenic macrophages, and gastric parietal cells of the rat. Since nonheme ferrous iron is considered to be critically involved in free radical generation, the perfusion-Turnbull + DAB method would visualize such populations of cells that are at risk from free radical damage.     

干、湿化学法在乳糜血中的应用比较

目的探讨乳糜血对干、湿化学法检测结果的影响,以期找到一种适合于在乳糜血中应用的检测方法。方法分别用干、湿化学法检测乳糜血中总蛋白、血糖,比较两种方法检测结果差异。结果湿化学法测定结果高于乙醇处理法(P0.05),干化学法与乙醇处理法结果比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论在乳糜血检测中干性化学法与湿性化学法比较更接近真实值。     

灭蚊真菌一贵阳腐霉对植物的安全性试验

The aim of this study is to investigate whether Pythium guiyangense,a mosquito-killing fungus isolated in Guiyang,Guizhou Province of China in 1994,is pathogenic to plants.Six common crops,Cucumis sativa,Lycopersicon esculentum,Capsicum annuum,Nicotiana tabacum,Brassica campestris and Oryza sativa were used as subjects for test.Zoospores of the fungus were used to infect the plants with soil inoculation method,caudex injection method and foliage spray method.Both positive control(using P.aphanidermatum)and negative control(using sterile water)were set up in all the experiments.The results showed that no infection was found on the tested plants in soil inoculation experiments.In caudex injection test,callus grew around the wounded tissue in most of the plants.Brownish rottenness could be found only in the injected wounds in a few plants,probably caused by saprophytic bacteria or other fungi,and the germ-carrying plants grew normally.No abnormal appearance was found on the six crops in foliage spray test.It was demonstrated that P guiyangense could hardly infect plants in nature,and was a safe and promising agent for mosquito biological control.     

灭蚊真菌－贵阳腐霉对植物的安全性试验

The aim of this study is to investigate whether Pythium guiyangense, a mosquito-killing fungus isolated in Guiyang, Guizhou Province of China in 1994, is pathogenic to plants. Six common crops, Cucumis sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Capsicum annuum, Nicotiana tabacum, Brassica campestris and Oryza sativa were used as subjects for test. Zoospores of the fungus were used to infect the plants with soil inoculation method, caudex injection method and foliage spray method. Both positive control (using P. aphanidermatum) and negative control (using sterile water) were set up in all the experiments. The results showed that no infection was found on the tested plants in soil inoculation experiments. In caudex injection test, callus grew around the wounded tissue in most of the plants. Brownish rottenness could be found only in the injected wounds in a few plants, probably caused by saprophytic bacteria or other fungi, and the germ-carrying plants grew normally. No abnormal appearance was found on the six crops in foliage spray test. It was demonstrated that P. guiyangense could hardly infect plants in nature, and was a safe and promising agent for mosquito biological control.     

不同取样方式在稻田节肢动物采集中的效率评估

水稻是我国主要粮食作物,每年都会因虫害造成大量的经济损失,为了挽回害虫造成的损失,必须对害虫进行防治。田间节肢动物群落调查是评价害虫防治效果的重要依据,取样方式对节肢动物群落调查的准确性具有重要的影响。另外,对转基因作物对稻田生物多样性安全性进行评价时,取样方式对多样性评价的准确性也具有重要的影响。本文采用吸虫器法、盆拍法和马氏网诱集法3种取样方式进行稻田节肢动物调查,并评估不同取样方式的采集效率。得到的结果有:1.采集到的节肢动物物种数:马氏网诱集法吸虫器法盆拍法;2.采集的节肢动物数量:盆拍法吸虫器法马氏网诱集法;3.吸虫器取样法在调查叶蝉科、秆蝇科、茧蜂科、姬蜂科、金小蜂科、缘腹细蜂科、蕈蚋科时,取样效率较高;4.盆拍取样法在调查叶蝉科、瘿蚊科、微蛛亚科、跳蛛科、狼蛛科、猫蛛科、弹尾虫目、飞虱科时,取样效率较高;5.马氏网诱集法在调查缟蝇科和毛蠓科时取样效率较高。马氏网诱集法善于采集具有飞行能力的节肢动物;吸虫器法对不同习性的节肢动物采集效果均较高;盆拍法适合采集活动于水稻基部的节肢动物。     

分子系统发育树构建的简易方法

以系统发育树构建的原有距离方法为基础,吸取了NJ法和FM法中的部分理论,提出了以节点引入为手段的新的简易方法,通过该方法构建了分子系统发育树,结果表明这种方法更加快捷,而且所得结果与FM法完全一致。     

A simple method for the purification of myxobacteria

Pure cultures of many myxobacteria could be quickly obtained by treating fruiting bodies with highly dosed mixtures of antibiotics     

2种调查方法对四川黑竹沟国家级自然保护区3种雉类种群密度调查的比较

种群数量是物种的重要生态学基础资料,合适的密度调查方法是数量估算的基础。2016年4-5月,采用广泛应用于鸡形目Galliformes鸟类种群密度调查的样线法和样点法,调查了四川黑竹沟国家级自然保护区3种鸡形目鸟类(白腹锦鸡Chrysolophus amherstiae、红腹角雉Tragopan temminckii和血雉Ithaginis cruentus)的种群密度。样线法和样点法估算的雄体密度分别是:白腹锦鸡1.20只/km^2和(6.31±0.98)只/km^2,红腹角雉5.41只/km^2和(0.39±0.17)只/km^2,血雉3.01只/km^2和(5.97±2.70)只/km^2。除红腹角雉外,样点法估算的白腹锦鸡、血雉种群密度均大于样线法。建议针对不同鸡形目鸟类采用不同的调查方法,并尽量扩大样本数量,从而提高调查结果的准确性。