HBV X基因的表达及在真核细胞中对内质网压力的作用

运用PCR技术获得HBx基因,分别克隆到原核表达载体pET-his和真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)上。重组质粒pET-his-HBx转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,IPTG诱导表达,利用Ni柱纯化后的蛋白免疫家兔,获得特异性的抗-HBx兔抗血清。重组质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-HBx分别转染HepG2和Hep3B细胞系后,经RT-PCR和Westernblot检测,证明HBx可以在这两种细胞系中表达。通过报告基因的表达研究了HBx对XBP1和GRP78启动子的激活活性,结果表明瞬时转染HBx的细胞系中,XBP1和GRP78启动子介导的荧光素酶活性比相应的对照细胞增加了3～7倍。通过RT-PCR分析证明,转染了HBx的细胞中XBP1mRNA发生了剪切。因此,可以初步推断HBx在HepG2和Hep3B细胞中的表达可以引起内质网压力反应,为进一步阐明HBx表达对内质网的影响和肝脏病原发生机制奠定了基础。     

pcDNA3.1-Canstatin-3Flag真核表达载体的构建及转染HepG2细胞中的表达

目的:构建pcDNA3.1-Canstatin-3Flag载体并稳定转染肝癌HepG2细胞,检测canstatin在mRNA水平的表达。方法:胎盘中提取总RNA,RT-PCR法获得canstatinDNA,克隆至pcDNA3.1(-)载体中,并测序,重组质粒pcDNA3.1-Canstatin-3Flag转染肝癌HepG2细胞,G418筛选出稳定转染细胞,RT-PCR检测canstatin mRNA表达。结果:1.成功构建出pcDNA3.1-Canstatin-3Flag重组质粒;2.获得稳定转染pcDNA3.1-Canstatin-3Flag的肝癌HepG2细胞;3.发现转染后的肝癌HepG2细胞canstatin在mRNA水平比未转染细胞有明显的增强。结论:获得了稳定转染pcDNA3.1-Canstatin-3Flag的肝癌HepG2细胞,为后期canstatin在肝癌中的研究提供了支持。     

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白上调环加氧酶2表达促进肝癌细胞增殖的实验研究

乙肝病毒X蛋白（Hepatitis B virus X protein,HBx）高表达与乙肝相关肝癌的发病密切相关,但HBx发挥促癌作用的机制并不清楚。环加氧酶2（Cyclooxygenase,COX2）具有促进肝癌细胞增殖的功能,乙肝相关肝癌中COX2的表达增加且与HBx呈正相关,提示上调COX2可能是HBx促进肝癌细胞增殖的分子机制。为了阐明HBx是否通过上调COX2促进肝癌细胞增殖,本实验培养了肝癌HepG2细胞并分为对照组、转染pcDNA3.1-HBx质粒的HBx组、转染NC siRNA的si-NC组、转染NC siRNA及pcDNA3.1-HBx质粒的si-NC+HBx组、转染COX2 siRNA及pcDNA3.1-HBx质粒的si-COX2+HBx组。检测细胞增殖活力OD_490nm的水平,COX2、B淋巴细胞瘤2基因（BCL2）、生存素（Survivin）的表达量,前列腺素E2（英文名,PGE2）的含量。实验结果显示,HBx组的OD_490nm水平,细胞中COX2、BCL2、Survivin的表达量,培养基中PGE2的含量均高于对照...     

HNF1α对人FXR 启动子的调控作用

为探讨肝细胞核因子1α（HNF1α）对人胆汁酸受体（FXR）转录激活的作用及机制,将含HNF1α的真核表达载体（pcDNA3.1(+)HNF1α）和含有FXR启动子的荧光素酶报告基因载体共转染人肝癌细胞系HepG2,检测转染细胞中荧光素酶活性并用半定量RT-PCR、免疫印迹法检测FXR的表达.QuikChange法对FXR启动子HNF1α可能结合位点进行突变,将包含突变点的重组荧光素酶报告质粒单独或与pcDNA3.1(+)共同转染HepG2细胞,检测各组荧光素酶活性.根据凝胶电泳迁移率变化,分析HNF1α与FXR启动子区域的结合.结果发现,转染pcDNA 3.1(+)HNF1α可以上调FXR在HepG2细胞中的表达,并增强FXR启动子活性且具有剂量依赖性;－65～－48区域的点突变,导致FXR启动子活性明显降低,共转染pcDNA3.1(+)HNF1α也不具有增强作用.结果提示,转录因子HNF1α能调控FXR基因表达,其机制为：HNF1α与FXR启动子区域－65～－48区域的反向半位点结合,发挥其反式激活作用.     

靶向XBP1S的RNA干扰质粒对细胞增殖的影响

目的 构建靶向人XBP1S的siRNA真核表达载体（pSUPER-XBP1S）并观察其对人HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞增殖能力的影响.方法 设计并合成针对XBP1S基因的siRNA,退火成互补双链后克隆至真核表达载体pSUPER构建重组质粒,并将其转染入HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞中.采用RT-PCR检测转染前后XBP1S在HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞中的转录,Western印迹检测转染前后XBP1S蛋白的表达;MTT法、细胞计数检测重组质粒对HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞增殖能力的影响.结果 重组质粒能有效地抑制HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞中XBP1S基因的转录和表达;转染HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞后,细胞增殖抑制率及细胞增殖数与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 成功构建了靶向人XBP1S的siRNA表达载体pSUPER-XBP1S,并且有效的抑制了HeLa细胞和HepG2细胞中XBP1S的转录和表达,有效抑制了细胞的增殖能力.     

表达血管内皮生长因子-siRNA及双自杀基因yCDglyTK的联合基因载体构建及其应用研究

构建了新型联合基因载体pcDNA3.1(-)VEGF-siRNA/yCDglyTK,研究其在人胃癌细胞系SGC7901细胞中的表达和杀伤作用.构建靶向血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的干扰质粒pGenesil-VEGF-siRNA,采用PCR法从中扩增siRNA表达框(含U6启动子),亚克隆至双自杀基因载体pcDNA3.1(-)CV-yCDglyTK,构建联合基因质粒pcDNA3.1(-)VEGF-siRNA/yCDglyTK;通过酶切、测序等鉴定重组质粒;以磷酸钙纳米颗粒为载体,将干扰质粒、双自杀基因质粒及联合基因质粒转染SGC7901细胞,RT-PCR、Western-blot验证目的基因表达;MTT法检测转染细胞对5-氟胞嘧啶(5-FC)的敏感性.结果表明:酶切及测序证实联合基因载体pcDNA3.1(-)VEGF-siRNA/yCDglyTK构建成功;SGC7901细胞转染联合基因质粒后,RT-PCR、Western-blot证实融合自杀基因表达,而VEGF基因表达下调;在前体药物5-FC作用下,转染联合基因组细胞存活率最低,与其他组比较有统计学差异.成功构建联合基因载体pcDNA3.1(-)VEGF-si...     

乙肝病毒MHBst/HBx蛋白对Galβ1,3GalNAcα2,3-唾液酸转移酶的反式激活作用

PCR方法扩增乙肝病毒MHBs^t,HBx基因片段,构建真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-MHBs^t和pcDNA3.1-HBx。PCR方法从肝细胞基因组中扩增出Galβ1,3GalNAcα2,3-唾液酸转移酶（ST3Gall)启动子Psil,用Psial取代pEGFPN1的启动子pCMV构建pEGFP-N1-Psial。利用磷酸钙－DNA共沉淀的方法,将pcDNA3.1-MHBs^t,pcDNA3.1-HBx分别与pEGFP-N1-Psial瞬时共转染至正常肝细胞QGY－7701。流式细胞仪分析细胞平均荧光密度值发现MHBs^t,HBx分别将ST3Gall启动子的活性上调了35．2％和43．8％。研究了乙肝病毒MHBs^t,HBx对ST43Gall的转录调控作用,对于揭示乙肝病毒感染与唾液酸转移酶之间的关系做了非常有益的探索。     

乙型肝炎病毒HBx蛋白抑制TTRAP启动子活性的体外研究

旨在探讨体外培养条件下HBx蛋白对TTRAP(TRAF and TNF receptor-associated protein)基因转录水平表达的影响。用RT-PCR及Real-time PCR检测TTRAP在HepG2细胞和HepG2.2.15细胞中的表达;构建TTRAP启动子虫荧光素酶报告质粒;分别与HBV、HBs、HBp、HBc、HBx表达质粒共转染HepG2细胞,比较虫荧光素酶活性。RT-PCR和Real-time PCR结果显示,TTRAP在HepG2.2.15细胞中的表达量分别是其在HepG2细胞中表达量的44.9%和27.8%(P0.05)。TTRAP启动子虫荧光素酶报告质粒与HBV表达质粒共转染组的相对荧光素酶活性,与对照组相比下降了43.8%。转染HBx表达质粒组的相对荧光素酶活性与其对照组相比下降了35%,而转染HBc、HBs及HBp表达质粒组对相对荧光素酶活性没有影响。因此证实HBx蛋白能抑制TTRAP启动子活性。     

人胃癌细胞系中FHIT基因mRNA的表达及pcDNA3．1-FHIT的构建与转染

目的:检测人胃癌细胞系中FHIT基因mRNA的表达状况及构建pcDNA3.1-FI-IIT真核表达载体.方法:RT-PCR法检测三种不同类型人胃癌细胞系中FHIT基因mRNA的表达,构建真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-FHIT,通过酶切法、PCR扩增法和DNA序列分析鉴定重组质粒后,用脂质体转染至FHIT基因mR.NA阴性表达人胃癌细胞系MKN-45,经G418筛选后RT-PCR鉴定.结果:FHIT基因在人胃癌细胞系BGC-823中呈阳性表达,在MGC-803、MKN-45细胞系中呈阴性表达.FHIT基因cDNA正确克隆到真核细胞表达栽体pcDNA3.1中,并成功转染FHIT基因mRNA阴性表达人胃癌细胞系MKN-45.结论:FHIT基因在不同类型人胃癌细胞系中表达各异.成功构建pcDNA3.1-FHIT,并转染到FHIT基因mRNA阴性表达人胃癌细胞系MKN-45,使其唧T基因阳性表达.     

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白调节TRAIL诱导的肝细胞凋亡

观察乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(HBx)对肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL)诱导肝细胞凋亡的影响并初步探讨其分子机制. 构建包含HBx基因的真核表达载体pcDNA-HBx, 转染BEL7402肝癌细胞, 建立可稳定表达HBx的肝癌细胞系BEL7402-HBx, 同时设立空载体pcDNA3转染对照组细胞BEL7402-cDNA3. 台盼蓝染色计数, Caspase3活性检测和TUNEL法检测TRAIL诱导BEL7402, BEL7402-cDNA3, BEL7402-HBx细胞凋亡的情况, 并通过流式细胞术分析3组细胞表面TRAIL受体的表达水平. 此外, 利用硫代反义寡核苷酸封闭HBV全基因转染肝癌细胞系HepG2.2.15中HBx蛋白的表达, 观察阻断前后对TRAIL诱导凋亡敏感性的改变, 进一步反向验证HBx对TRAIL诱导凋亡的调节作用. 台盼蓝染色计数提示TRAIL 对BEL7402, BEL7402-cDNA3, BEL7402-HBx均有剂量依赖性的细胞毒作用, 但在相同浓度TRAIL作用下, BEL7402-HBx细胞较BEL7402, BEL7402-cDNA3细胞有更高的敏感性. Caspase3活性检测结果分析发现, TRAIL作用后BEL7402-HBx细胞在较短时间内有更高的Caspase3活化水平. TUNEL结果显示, 10 mg/LTRAIL作用下, BEL7402-HBx细胞凋亡率可达(41.4±7.2)%, 显著高于对照组细胞. 反义封闭HepG2.2.15细胞中HBx基因的表达可部分阻断TRAIL诱导的凋亡. 两组实验结果均显示HBx的表达变化并不影响细胞表面TRAIL受体的表达模式. HBx蛋白参与调节TRAIL诱导的细胞凋亡, 可能在HBV相关疾病的发生中起一定作用, 这一作用与TRAIL受体表达水平无关. 从两个不同的侧面证实了HBx对TRAIL诱导细胞凋亡的调节作用, 为进一步论证凋亡失衡在HBV感染相关肝炎及肝癌发生中的作用提供了新的论据.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.