人星状病毒Ⅰ型非结构蛋白nsP1a及其C末端蛋白nsP1a/4的原核表达及鉴定

人星状病毒(Human Astrovirus,HastV)是导致婴幼儿腹泻的重要病原体。HastV非结构蛋白nsP1a及C末端蛋白nsP1a/4含有各种保守的功能结构域,在星状病毒的复制、转录,病毒与宿主的相互作用中起重要作用。为获得nsP1a及其nsP1a/4蛋白,为后续蛋白相关研究提供平台,本研究在E.coli系统中进行人星状病毒非结构蛋白nsP1a及nsP1a/4蛋白的表达并对表达产物进行鉴定。首先将nsP1a及nsP1a/4基因克隆入原核表达载体PGEX-4T-1,构建nsP1a及nsP1a/4蛋白融合表达质粒;在E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行IPTG诱导表达,摸索两种融合蛋白表达的最优条件并对表达蛋白进行免疫印迹鉴定。结果表明nsP1a蛋白在30℃,1mM IPTG诱导12h时,蛋白表达量达到最高;nsP1a/4蛋白在20℃,0.5mM IPTG诱导8h时,蛋白表达量达到最高。Western blot结果显示两种融合蛋白既可与nsP1a蛋白免疫血清发生特异性反应,也可被GST标签抗体所识别。本研究成功利用原核系统表达并鉴定了人星状病毒非结构蛋白nsP1a及其C末端蛋白nsP1a/4,为进一步研究星状病毒非结构蛋白的功能及病毒的致病机制奠定基础。     

薇甘菊几丁质酶基因的原核表达及活性分析

将薇甘菊Mmchi1基因cDNA序列的编码区插入到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,构建融合表达质粒,并在大肠杆菌中进行了融合蛋白6×His-Mmchi1的诱导表达、Western blot和酶活性分析.结果表明,0.1 mmol/L IPTG、25℃诱导4 h,在大肠杆菌Rosetta-gami(DE3)中能获得可溶性的6×His-Mmchi1;Western blot证实表达的6×His-Mmchi1能与抗6×His的单抗发生特异性反应,分子量约为55 kD,与预测的融合蛋白分子量相符;纯化后的6×His-Mmchi1最佳酶活性pH和温度分别为5.5～6.5和35～40℃.为进一步研究融合蛋白6×His-Mmchi1的功能奠定了基础.     

风疹病毒(RV)包膜糖蛋白E1特异基因片段的原核表达

目的:表达风疹病毒(RV)E1特异肽段的重组融合蛋白.方法:经过双酶切鉴定和测序鉴定的阳,陛重组质粒载体pGEX-2T/E1-N,转化到感受态大肠杆菌BL21后,用异丙基-β-D硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导其表达,并对诱导条件进行优化.用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠纯化重组融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE鉴定.结果:用IPTG可以诱导E1特异肽段的重组融合蛋白表达,37℃诱导时,最佳诱导剂浓度为1 mmol/L,最佳诱导时间为4h.诱导温度从37℃降至16℃时,重组融合蛋白以可溶性形式表达,用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠纯化获得了纯化的重组融合蛋白.结论:利用原核表达系统可以获得纯化的风疹病毒E1特异肽段的重组融合蛋白.     

甲型流感病毒核蛋白在大肠杆菌中的可溶性高效表达与纯化

为了在大肠杆菌中高效表达甲型流感病毒A/京科/30/95(H3N2)核蛋白NP,以便对原核表达的NP蛋白进行免疫原性研究,本研究通过密码子优化及全基因合成等方法,将3种形式的NP基因:与6×His标签融合的NP基因NP(His)、非融合的野生型NP基因NPwt及非融合的按大肠杆菌优势密码子改造的基因NP(O)分别插入原核表达载体pET-30a,构建了表达3种形式NP基因的3种原核表达质粒并研究不同质粒中NP蛋白的表达形式、条件、纯化工艺及抗原性。限制性酶切反应与测序表明,三种形式的NP基因均正确插入原核表达质粒pET-30a;SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳显示,三种形式的NP基因均能在大肠杆菌中表达,NP(O)基因的表达量最高;在不同温度诱导条件下,NP蛋白呈现可溶性表达,NP(O)基因可溶性高效表达的条件为:T=25℃,t=10 h;经阴离子交换和凝胶过滤层析两步纯化,可溶性表达的NP蛋白纯度可达90%;Western blot检测显示,纯化的NP能与流感病毒A/PR/8/34(H1N1)株感染小鼠的血清发生特异性结合。这些结果表明,非融合表达的密码子优化甲型流感病毒NP蛋白能在大肠杆菌中高效表达和纯化,同时保持良好的免疫反应活性。     

基于密码子优化策略的斑马鱼FOXP3A分子的原核表达及多克隆抗血清制备

目的:构建斑马鱼FOXP3A融合蛋白的原核表达系统,诱导表达并制备多克隆抗血清。方法:选取斑马鱼foxp3a基因cDNA的894 bp特异区段(s-foxp3a),对该片段进行密码子优化后构建原核表达载体pET-32a-s-foxp3a,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),诱导表达斑马鱼S-FOXP3A-His融合蛋白并纯化,纯化后的蛋白免疫家兔,制备斑马鱼FOXP3A蛋白的多克隆抗血清,4次免疫后取血清,采用间接ELISA法检测抗血清效价。结果:在16℃经0.5 mmol/LIPTG诱导10 h的条件下,SDS-PAGE分析表明斑马鱼S-FOXP3A-His融合蛋白以包涵体形式产生;间接ELISA检测结果显示,FOXP3A蛋白多克隆抗血清的效价在1.6×10~5以上。结论:制备了高效价的斑马鱼FOXP3A多克隆抗血清,为进一步解析斑马鱼FOXP3A蛋白的功能提供了基础工具。     

小麦TaMBD2原核表达载体的构建和诱导表达

构建了小麦甲基结合域蛋白基因TaMBD2的原核表达载体pGEX-TaMBD2,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)工程菌株中优化了融合蛋白GST-TaMBD2的诱导表达条件.结果表明,用0.3、0.5和1.0 mm01.L-1的IPTG诱导后,融合蛋白GST-TaMBD2均能有效表达,以1.0mmol·L-1IPTG诱导的效果最好;从诱导表达的时间来看,3种浓度IPTG诱导1 h后融合蛋白均开始表达,且表达量随着诱导时间的延长而逐渐增加,但在诱导6 h后的表达量增加幅度不大,因此确定诱导融合蛋白GST-TaMBD2表达的最佳IPTG浓度为1.0 mm01.L-1诱导时间为6 h.     

棉铃虫乙醇脱氢酶原核可溶性表达条件的优化北大核心

[目的]提高棉铃虫乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)在大肠杆菌中可溶性蛋白的表达量。[方法]研究了诱导温度和诱导剂IPTG浓度对可溶性His-ADH融合蛋白表达量的影响。设置15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、37℃五个不同温度和0.2 mmol/L、0.4 mmol/L、0.6 mmol/L、0.8 mmol/L、1.0 mmol/L五个不同的IPTG诱导剂浓度分别进行原核诱导表达。基于SDS-PAGE和灰度扫描来评价可溶性融合蛋白的表达水平。[结果]表达的目的融合蛋白相对分子质量约为53 k Da,与预测的分子量大小一致,Western Blot分析表明能与His单克隆抗体特异性结合;可溶性融合蛋白的最佳诱导条件为温度25℃、IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L。[结论]表达优化最终条件为温度25℃(相对表达量为2.21)、IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L(相对表达量为1.14)。低温有利于可溶性蛋白的形成,诱导剂IPTG浓度并不是越高越好。     

棉铃虫乙醇脱氢酶原核可溶性表达条件的优化

[目的]提高棉铃虫乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)在大肠杆菌中可溶性蛋白的表达量。[方法]研究了诱导温度和诱导剂IPTG浓度对可溶性His-ADH融合蛋白表达量的影响。设置15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、37℃五个不同温度和0.2 mmol/L、0.4 mmol/L、0.6 mmol/L、0.8 mmol/L、1.0 mmol/L五个不同的IPTG诱导剂浓度分别进行原核诱导表达。基于SDS-PAGE和灰度扫描来评价可溶性融合蛋白的表达水平。[结果]表达的目的融合蛋白相对分子质量约为53 k Da,与预测的分子量大小一致,Western Blot分析表明能与His单克隆抗体特异性结合;可溶性融合蛋白的最佳诱导条件为温度25℃、IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L。[结论]表达优化最终条件为温度25℃(相对表达量为2.21)、IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L(相对表达量为1.14)。低温有利于可溶性蛋白的形成,诱导剂IPTG浓度并不是越高越好。     

棉花GhCOMT1基因原核表达载体构建及蛋白纯化和Western鉴定

为进一步研究GhCOMT1基因的功能,构建了原核表达载体pET-28a-GhCOMT1,酶切鉴定并测序后转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,在0.2mmol/L IPTG浓度条件下分别进行不同温度梯度诱导,用蛋白标记亲和层析柱(His TrapTM HP)对重组蛋白进行纯化,并用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting方法鉴定表达产物。结果表明:16℃诱导12h、30℃诱导3h和37℃诱导3h后融合蛋白均以包涵体的形式表达,其中16℃诱导12h的蛋白表达量最大;SDS-PAGE检测目的蛋白相对分子量约为39.748kD;Western blotting分析表明,目的蛋白能与His多克隆抗体起特异性反应。     

薯蓣褪绿坏死花叶病毒CP基因的原核表达及抗血清的制备

薯蓣褪绿坏死花叶病毒(yam chlorotic necrotic mosaic virus,YCNMV)是马铃薯Y病毒科柘橙病毒属暂定成员。采用RT-PCR方法,以Sprimer/M4简并引物对扩增获得的YCNMV分离物3'端基因组序列为参考序列,根据该序列设计CP基因特异引物获得YCNMV CP基因并插入p ET-30a表达载体中,在BL21(DE3)菌株中诱导表达。获得的融合蛋白经Ni+-NTA柱纯化后免疫新西兰大白兔,制备抗血清。结果表明,连接在表达载体中的CP基因序列及表达的蛋白氨基酸序列与预期的CP基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性均为99.65%。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明,获得的融合蛋白大小约为44 k D,与预期蛋白大小相符。制备的抗血清经Western blotting和ID-ELISA检测表明,获得的多克隆抗体效价较高,能可靠、灵敏、特异地与YCNMV病毒颗粒结合,可应用到该病毒的检测中。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.