Role of complement components on cells and in cell interactions.

The complement system, though complex, is relatively easy to study both in terms of its reaction pathways, its distribution and its genetics. There is reason to believe that the complement system is involved in cell surface events and interactions at a variety of levels and we may hope that the knowledge of the system in the blood plasma will provide relatively easy insights into the more difficult areas with cells.     

Structure and mechanical strength of larval cuticle of sawflies capable of "easy bleeding" a defence strategy against predators evolved in Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera)

The cuticle of Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) larvae is ruptured after a very mild mechanical stress and hemolymph is released. This phenomenon, called "easy bleeding" is considered as a defence strategy against predators. We investigated the cuticle structure of some selected species capable of "easy bleeding" by light-, transmission- and scanning microscopy and compared it with phylogenetically-related sawfly species without this defense strategy (control). Cuticle thickness has no major influence on mechanical stability, but pronounced local differences in thickness seem to be inversely correlated with mechanical strength. The density of chitin fibrils is considerably reduced in animals capable of easy bleeding and the fibres form a loose 3D network in contrast to the densely packed layers seen in related "non easy bleeding" species like Strongylogaster multifasciata, where a pressure of 2584 kPa is needed to pierce the integument, and which served as a control. Efficient bleeders like Phymatocera aterrima (203 kPa) and Rhadinoceraea nodicornis (219 kPa) are devoid of any defined layers or other structural elements. In Athalia rosae (Allantinae) (539 kPa), and Aglaostigma discolor (Tenthredininae) (1494 kPa)--bleeders with medium efficiency--a reduced number of layers are observed by LM and TEM and a loose network of chitin fibres is visible after treatment with KOH.     

Simple Parabiotic Chamber for the Study of Microorganisms in Organ Culture

A simple parabiotic chamber which is easy to manipulate, does not leak, allows microscopic examination of organ cultures, and is easy to sterilize is described.     

Real-time patient weight monitoring system for chair based renal dialysis

A system is described for monitoring weight changes in patients undergoing renal dialysis. Relatively fit patients dialyse in easy chairs rather than in bed but no commercial system is currently available to monitor weight changes under these conditions. The authors have considered basic requirements and have developed a cost effective system based on a Single Point Off-Centre load cell, all components being mounted under a platform on which the easy chair is located. There is an electrical output signal which may be used to drive a display or be sampled by a computer system.     

蚁蛉亚科电子图文链接式分族检索表

介绍一种电子图文链接式分类检索表 ,这种检索表有以下优点 :( 1 )检索表中所用的特征超级链接图像 ,有利于使用者对鉴别特征的正确理解 ;( 2 )图像可放大缩小任意拉动 ,清晰展示所有细节 ;( 3 )检索表文字保持连贯 ;( 4 )检索表容量基本不受分类单元数量的限制 ;( 5 )制作方法简单。文章阐述了制作这种检索表的意义和方法 ,并展示用这种检索表形式制作的蚁蛉亚科分族检索表     

An experiment on apoptosis induced by polyamine adducts produced in the presence of serum amine oxidase

A two-session experiment is proposed to train students with an easy, economic and educative procedure to detect the typical DNA ladder produced in many apoptotic events. The procedure is accurate enough to provide an easy way to compare degrees of damage in DNA caused by different treatments.     

L’ectopie testiculaire pénienne: à propos d’un cas

Penile ectopic testis is a rare congenital abnormality. The aetiopathogenesis is still not well known.We report a case in a two-years-old child. The diagnosis was easy and required no exploration. The orchidopexy in dartos after lowering the testis was easy due to the sufficient length of the spermatic cord. Three years later, the lowered testis appeared normal. We review the other forms of penile ectopic testis reported in the literature and those requiring further exploration.     

A pedal corer for the quantitative sampling of sediments and benthic organisms in submerged areas accessible on foot

This paper presents a new device to collect quantitative samples of sediment and benthic organisms. The device is specially designed for sampling with the advantages of box-corer or Eckman dredges in submerged areas that are accessible on foot. The pedal corer is a simple, lightweight, user-friendly device that does not disturb the sediment structure and provides easy access to the sample contained inside the core. With this device, sampling in shallow water zones that are constantly submerged is made easy and sampling time is extended in intertidal zones. Handling editor: J. Saros     

DNA extraction from crayfish exoskeleton

Crayfish exoskeleton (CE) samples are generally less invasive and easy to be collected. However, it is difficult to extract DNA from them. This study was intended to investigate CE as a DNA source and design an easy and efficient DNA extraction protocol for polymerase chain reactions. Specific primer pair (PPO-F, PPO-R) was used to amplify extracted DNA from CE, and compared to crayfish tail muscle DNA sample. Moreover, seven microsatellites markers were used to amplify the CE DNA samples set. Since the extracted DNA from CE is suitable for gene amplification, the results present usefulness of CE as an easy and convenient DNA source for PCR-based population genetic research.     

拟南芥叶片超氧自由基的组织化学定位

拟南芥叶小不易进行超氧自由基的组织化学定位,本方法使拟南芥叶片超氧自由基的检测方便易行。     

A single-parameter analog level discriminator: a cheap and powerful extension of FCM data acquisition

Modern flow cytometers offer the possibility to measure more parameters of individual cells than the normally available data acquisition equipment can store. To enlarge the number of parameters that is taken into account while recording data, an analog level discriminator is described that is easy to build and easy to implement on any existing FCM system. An example of gated data acquisition in light scattering measurements on nucleated human bone marrow cells is given. The level discriminator may give a cheap and yet valuable extension of expensive data acquisition equipment.     

Recherche d’embolie pulmonaire : expérience nancéenne de la TEMP-TDM

The new recommendations from the EANM advocate the acquisition of SPECT images for the detection of acute pulmonary embolism. The increasing availability of hybrid cameras allows an easy combination with CT scan acquisition. Unenhanced CT scan is easy to perform and may provide: the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, even when ventilation scan is not available, and an alternative diagnosis in case of matched ventilation and perfusion defects. Thus, CT scan associated with SPECT is becoming a reliable diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. CT scan settings allow to deliver a low additional radiation burden to the patient.     

SCINTILLATION SCANNING OF BRAIN TUMORS

Brain scanning by means of externally placed moving scintillation detectors has proven to be an easy accurate method for demonstrating size, shape and position of many types of brain tumors. In a series of 53, there were few false negatives and few false positives. The procedure is easy on the patient, does not require anesthesia and can be done on outpatients. It is recommended as a screening procedure for all brain tumor suspects.     

转基因植物疫苗的研究进展

利用转基因植物作为生物反应器生产疫苗是一个新兴的技术领域,它具有生产简便、成本低廉,不需要冷藏和低温运输,安全性好,无外源性病原污染等优点。概述当前转基因植物疫苗的研究进展,并就转基因植物疫苗的作用机理及原理方法进行了介绍。     

Improved methodology for bioremoval of black crusts on historical stone artworks by use of sulfate-reducing bacteria

An improved methodology to remove black crusts from stone by using Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris ATCC 29579, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, is presented. The strain removed 98% of the sulfates of the crust in a 45-h treatment. Precipitation of black iron sulfide was avoided using filtration of a medium devoid of iron. Among three cell carriers, Carbogel proved to be superior to both sepiolite and Hydrobiogel-97, as it allowed an easy application of the bacteria, kept the system in a state where microbial activity was maintained, and allowed easy removal of the cells after the treatment.     

Organizing research data

Research relies on ever larger amounts of data from experiments, automated production equipment, questionnaries, times series such as weather records, and so on. A major task in science is to combine, process and analyse such data to obtain evidence of patterns and correlations.Most research data are on digital form, which in principle ensures easy processing and analysis, easy long-term preservation, and easy reuse in future research, perhaps in entirely unanticipated ways. However, in practice, obstacles such as incompatible or undocumented data formats, poor data quality and lack of familiarity with current technology prevent researchers from making full use of available data.This paper argues that relational databases are excellent tools for veterinary research and animal production; provides a small example to introduce basic database concepts; and points out some concerns that must be addressed when organizing data for research purposes.     

Peach: a simple Perl-based system for distributed computation and its application to cryo-EM data processing

A simple distributed processing system named "Peach" was developed to meet the rising computational demands of modern structural biology (and other) laboratories without additional expense by using existing hardware resources more efficiently. A central server distributes jobs to idle workstations in such a way that each computer is used maximally, but without disturbing intermittent interactive users. As compared to other distributed systems, Peach is simple, easy to install, easy to administer, easy to use, scalable, and robust. While it was designed to queue and distribute large numbers of small tasks to participating computers, it can also be used to send single jobs automatically to the fastest currently available computer and/or survey the activity of an entire laboratory's computers. Tests of robustness and scalability are reported, as are three specific electron cryomicroscopy applications where Peach enabled projects that would not otherwise have been feasible without an expensive, dedicated cluster.     

PBL 教学法在成教班生物化学教学中的应用体会

生物化学是一门"教师难教、学生难学"的医学基础课程,利用成人继续教育学生具备一定的临床经验的优势,将PBL教学法应用于成人继续教育乡医班生物化学教学中,激发了学生的学习兴趣和主动性,提高了学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,同时对教师综合素质提出了更高的要求。与传统教学法相比,PBL教学能够达到学生学与教师教的相互促进,提高了教学效果,符合新形势下教学改革的需求。     

Sarment: Python modules for HMM analysis and partitioning of sequences

Sarment is a package of Python modules for easy building and manipulation of sequence segmentations. It provides efficient implementation of usual algorithms for hidden Markov Model computation, as well as for maximal predictive partitioning. Owing to its very large variety of criteria for computing segmentations, Sarment can handle many kinds of models. Because of object-oriented programming, the results of the segmentation are very easy tomanipulate.