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本文对不同培养条件下稻曲病菌菌落及稻曲球的微结构进行了扫描电镜比较研究。在PS培养液里进行液体培养时,稻曲病菌很少产生分生孢子和厚垣孢子,只有培养后期漂浮在培养液表面的菌落可以产生大量的厚垣孢子。病原菌在进行PSA固体培养时,大部分菌株在培养后期产生大量的成堆分布的厚垣孢子,少部分菌株在菌落上产生散生的厚垣孢子。说明暴露于空气有助于稻曲病菌产生厚垣孢子。在煮熟的带壳谷粒上稻曲病菌的生长明显比在去壳上的要慢得多。微结构分析表明,稻曲球表面是一层密集的厚垣孢子,菌丝与稻粒的胚乳层界限分明,大部分稻曲球中部有大块的发育良好的胚乳,并充满密集的淀粉粒。说明稻曲病菌可能在开花灌浆后开始侵染,而且至少后期是腐生的。 相似文献
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【目的】为探明细胞壁和细胞内脂肪酸成分及含量与细胞抗逆性的关系,【方法】采用酸热法、索氏提取法、有机溶剂法对稻曲病菌的厚垣孢子壁进行脂肪酸提取,并采用气相色谱检测其脂肪酸的组成和含量。【结果】采用酸热法提取脂肪酸效果最好,以该方法提取测定稻曲病菌黄色、黄绿色、黑色厚垣孢子壁饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别为26.92%、17.23%、23.71%,其不饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别为60.46%、61.52%、70.64%;厚垣孢子总(沉淀孢子壁和上清液)饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别为28.87%、21.00%、24.04%,厚垣孢子总不饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别为55.43%、55.87%、63.89%。硬脂酸在厚垣孢子壁中的含量:黄色>黄绿色>黑色;不饱和脂肪酸中顺式-5,8,11,14,17二十碳五烯酸(EPA)在厚垣孢子壁的含量:黑色>黄绿色>黄色。【结论】在3种颜色厚垣孢子中,黑色休眠型厚垣孢子在孢子壁、总不饱和脂肪酸含量均最高,表明不饱和脂肪酸的含量提高,有利于厚垣孢子的休眠越冬。 相似文献
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探究稻曲病菌Ustiloginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi厚垣孢子壁多糖的最佳提取方法,为孢壁多糖含量和组成的研究提供基础.采用5种方法提取该病菌黑色厚垣孢子壁多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量.经研究比较,最佳提取方法为复合酶-热水浸提-sevag法,最佳提取条件是复合酶量4%,pH 4,浸提温度70℃,浸提时间120 min,物料比1:75(V/V);在优选的方法和条件下,测定稻曲病菌黑色厚垣孢子壁粗多糖相对得率21.2%,多糖含量72 3%;黄色厚垣孢子壁粗多糖相对得率17.5%,多糖含量66.7%,前者明显高于后者.研究表明复合酶-热水浸提-sevag法的工艺简单、可行,适宜稻曲病菌厚垣孢子壁多糖的测定. 相似文献
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为了探究稻曲病菌[Ustiloginoidea virens(Cooke)Takahashi]厚垣孢子的最佳破壁方法,研究采用4种破壁法对该病菌黄色和黑色厚垣孢子进行破壁,血球计数板计算破壁效果,并用考马斯亮蓝法测定不同破壁方法中厚垣孢子壁内可溶性蛋白含量。结果表明,在普通光学显微镜下观察,破壁后厚垣孢子多数为碎片,少数为孢壁内空圆球。4种破壁方法中液氮研磨-超声破碎法破壁效果最好,黄色和黑色厚垣孢子的破壁率均可达98%以上,用该法破壁测得的黄色和黑色厚垣孢子壁内可溶性蛋白质含量也最高。由此可见,液氮研磨-超声波破碎法是一种稻曲病菌厚垣孢子破壁的有效、简便、适宜在实验室应用的方法。 相似文献
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探究稻曲病菌(Ustiloginoidea virens(Cooke.) Takahashi)黑色(休眠)与黄色(非休眠)厚垣孢子中的环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)最佳提取条件,为进一步的研究cAMP功能奠定基础.采用超声-水浴法对cAMP进行浸提,按3因素3水平正交设计,用高效液相色谱法检测cAMP含量;在设定V(甲醇)∶V(0.05 mol/L KH2PO4)=20∶80、流速为0.8 mL/min、检测波长为254 nm、进样量为20 μL的条件下,以黄绿色厚垣孢子为提取样品,其提取cAMP效果最佳组合条件:超声破碎时间10 min(功率400 W、间歇时间2 s),水浴温度80℃,物料比为1∶100,提取的cAMP为6.827 6 μg/mL.在此最佳条件下,测定出黄色厚垣孢子的cAMP为12.805 0±0.533 2μg/mL,黑色厚垣孢子的cAMP为4.171 7±0.097 1μg/mL.此结果表明,由黄色转换为黑色,其厚垣孢子的cAMP含量显著降低. 相似文献
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为设计稻曲病菌(Ustilaginoidea virens)专化性PCR引物,测定了1991-2001年采集的多个水稻品种、不同水稻产区的菌株的ITS和5.8S rDNA区序列。U. virens的ITS1、ITS2和5.8S rDNA区域的长度为 624-625bp, 序列高度保守。在与麦角菌科其它种比较的基础上,设计了U. virens专化性嵌合引物。采用PCR方法可以灵敏地检测目标真菌,并且与传统的组织观察结果很好地吻合。这一结果为深入研究稻曲病的侵染规律和建立田间早期诊断技术提供了可能。 相似文献
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【目的】稻曲病(Rice false smut)是由稻曲病菌[Villosiclava virens (Cooke) Tak.]引起的严重危害水稻的真菌病害。构建稻曲病菌UV-2的大片段DNA细菌人工染色体(Bacterial artificial chromosome, BAC)文库, 为致病相关基因的鉴定及在图位克隆、比较基因组学等方面的研究奠定基础。【方法】以幼嫩菌丝为材料制备大分子基因组DNA包埋块, 用Hind III部分酶解后经脉冲凝胶电泳筛选, 回收大片段DNA并与pIndigoBAC536-S 载体连接, 连接产物转化大肠杆菌菌株DH10B T1 Phage-Resistant 细胞后进行蓝白斑筛选, 白色菌落捡入384孔板置于?80 °C低温保存。【结果】成功构建UV-2菌株的高质量、高覆盖度的BAC文库, 该文库共含10 368个克隆, 平均插入片段为124.4 kb, 空载率小于1%, 约覆盖该菌基因组的36.8倍。【结论】克服了真菌大分子基因组DNA制备难控制的技术难题, 建立了首个稻曲病菌的BAC文库。该文库已作为一种公共基因组资源向研究者开放(http://GResource.hzau.edu.cn)。 相似文献
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为了探明稻曲病菌选择性侵染水稻花丝组织和浆片的细胞生物学机制,该研究以高度感病的‘甬优12号’水稻品种为材料,于孕穗期开始每间隔2d取样,同时在旗叶与倒二叶叶枕距离1~2cm时进行人工接种并在接种后5、10和15d时分别取样,对开花前后水稻不同花器官细胞的超微结构以及稻曲病菌侵染位点进行比较分析。结果显示:(1)在开花过程中,水稻花丝可伸长4~6倍,水稻花丝的所有组织细胞均能够均匀纵向伸长,且未发现细胞断裂出现的空腔;水稻浆片细胞在开花时吸水,横向膨胀约1倍,但浆片维管束的环纹导管环纹间距离没有明显变化;超微结构观察发现,大部分浆片细胞呈现细胞膨胀过程,只有浆片上部外围细胞具有一定伸长能力;水稻子房及柱头等在开花过程中其长度及体积未发现明显变化。(2)水稻花丝细胞壁的微纤丝排列比较疏松,透射电镜下单个微纤丝束清晰可辨,而子房和花药等器官的细胞壁结构致密,无法分辨单个微纤丝束。(3)稻曲病菌可在花丝中沿细胞间隙和细胞壁中层生长,但在浆片中菌丝主要被限制在细胞间隙中生长,说明花丝与浆片的细胞中层组分与结构存在差异。(4)细胞化学分析显示,花丝细胞壁纤维素含量较少,且不含有β-1,3-葡聚糖。研究表明,水稻花器细胞壁结构相对疏松及其细胞壁中层的结构特性和组分与稻曲病菌的选择性侵染具有密切相关关系。 相似文献
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A plant expression vector harboring four antifungal genes was delivered into the embryogenic calli of ‘9311’, an indica restorer line of Super Hybrid Rice, via modified biolistic particle bombardment. Southern blot analysis indicated that in the regenerated hygromycin-resistant plants, all the four antifungal genes, including RCH10, RAC22, β-Glu and B-RIP, were integrated into the genome of ‘9311’, co-transmitted altogether with the marker gene hpt in a Mendelian pattern. Some transgenic R1 and R2 progenies, with all transgenes displaying a normal expression level in the Northern blot analysis, showed high resistance to Magnaporthe grisea when tested in the typical blast nurseries located in Yanxi and Sanya respectively. Furthermore, transgenic F1 plants, resulting from a cross of R2 homozygous lines with high resistance to rice blast with the non-transgenic male sterile line Peiai 64S, showed not only high resistance to M. grisea but also enhanced resistance to rice false smut (a disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens) and rice kernel smut (another disease caused by Tilletia barclayana). 相似文献
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A plant expression vector harboring four antifungal genes was delivered into the embryogenic calli of ‘9311’, an indica restorer line of Super Hybrid Rice, via modified biolistic particle bombardment. Southern blot analysis indicated that in the regenerated hygromycin-resistant plants, all the four anti-fungal genes, including RCH10, RAC22, β-Glu and B-RIP, were integrated into the genome of ‘9311’, co-transmitted altogether with the marker gene hpt in a Mendelian pattern. Some transgenic R1 and R2 progenies, with all transgenes displaying a normal expression level in the Northern blot analysis, showed high resistance to Magnaporthe grisea when tested in the typical blast nurseries located in Yanxi and Sanya respectively. Furthermore, transgenic F1 plants, resulting from a cross of R2 homozygous lines with high resistance to rice blast with the non-transgenic male sterile line Peiai 64S, showed not only high resistance to M. grisea but also enhanced resistance to rice false smut (a disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens) and rice kernel smut (another disease caused by Tilletia barclayana). 相似文献
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False smut is a disease of rice inflorescence. The existing systems of disease severity assessment for rice false smut disease are not very sensitive as the ball quality and also the impact of false smut on filled grain number and grain‐filling were not under consideration. Here, a precise assessment method to evaluate the severity of the disease was developed. The ‘yield representative’ (YR) based on ‘mean floret wt.’ and ‘filled grain %’ was simulated for the precise disease severity assessment of rice false smut disease. The single floret weight envisages major yield components irrespective of the type of panicle. Correlation between YR and major yield attributes was studied, and it was observed that YR had significant correlation with ‘filled grain %’ (0.77–0.95) and ‘single spikelet weight’ (0.88–0.98). Significant negative correlation of YR was observed with the chaff percentage, false smut ball number and ball weight. This YR‐based methodology was utilized to assess the disease severity in nine rice cultivars. The disease severity in those nine cultivars was evaluated by the already existing methodologies also. The disease severity measured by the present technique was compared with the disease severity assessed by the old methodologies. The procedure adapted here for disease severity measurement was found to be more informative and useful. It was observed that in case of mild infection, the false smut was enhancing yield attributes. The high‐yielding rice varieties Savitri and Gayatri were found to be tolerant to false smut and may be used as resistant donors. 相似文献
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Y.-L. Zhou Y.-J. Pan X.-W. Xie L.-H. Zhu J.-L. Xu S. Wang Z.-K. Li 《Journal of Phytopathology》2008,156(9):559-564
Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is an important constraint affecting rice yield and quality in Asia. In China, rice false smut is especially severe in the japonica rice-growing areas in the North China. Nothing is known neither about the diversity of the pathogen in this region nor about the characteristic of its local population. In this study, 110 U. virens isolates sampled from Liaoning and Beijing of North China were analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to primarily understand the genetic diversity of this pathogen and its population characteristics. At the genetic distance of 0.32, all isolates were divided into two groups. Group A consists of two subgroups differentiated at the genetic distance of 0.55, subgroup 1 included all isolates from Liaoning with an average genetic similarity over 0.82 and subgroup 2 included 27 isolates from Beijing with similarity of 0.74. Group B consists of 28 isolates from Beijing having a diversity of 0.054. The isolates from the Liaoning province, where rice false smut has generated different take-all epidemic for 20 years, showed a genetic diversity of 0.305, which was approximately equally distributed within and among populations. Whereas genetic diversity was 0.458 among isolates from Beijing, an extremely high level of genetic differentiation among 55 isolates was observed in this disease hotspot. Our results suggested that the populations among different locations where sexual stage of the pathogen was rare to be found within ecological region were similar, and the variation of this pathogen has mainly arisen via asexual mechanisms. The migration through human activities in breeding perhaps provides a means of transporting the pathogen from one region to another. 相似文献
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