我国公立医院规制策略失效现况及影响因素因子分析

?????? 目的 探讨医院规制的主要失效关键节点及导致规制效果不佳的主要因素。方法 采用文献研究及专题小组讨论法,构建医院规制框架;通过调查研究分析医院规制失效主要内容;运用因子分析法分析规制效果不佳的主要因素。结果 确立了包括准入、价格等10项规制措施的医院整体规制框架,其失效程度最严重的为价格规制、行为规制及补偿规制,导致规制整体效果不佳的公因子为监管体制、条件等行政支持因子与监管执行的障碍因子2项。结论 构建医院规制体系,明确各措施的失效程度,提出导致规制效果不佳的公因子,为今后医院规制研究与政策制定提供参考依据。     

基于灰色关联分析法的公立医院药品价格规制评价

?????? 目的 明确公立医院药品价格规制的失效环节,分析公立医院药价居高不下的原因,为政府应对规制失效提供决策依据。 方法 应用灰色关联分析法对公立医院药品价格规制关键环节进行评价,并针对特定问题运用目的抽样方法对专家进行定性访谈。 结果 公立医院药品价格规制关键环节中,失效程度排序为药品流通规制、药品定价规制、药品价格加成规制、公立医院补偿规制、医疗服务低价规制和医疗保险支付方式规制。结论 需要对公立医院药品价格规制体系进行重构。     

Restored DNA-binding of the cAMP-CRP activator complex reestablishes negative regulation by the CytR repressor in the deoP2 promoter in Escherichia coli.

Summary We have investigated in vivo the coupling between CytR regulation of the deoP2 promoter in Escherichia coli and the DNA-binding specificity of the cAMP-CRP (cAMP receptor protein) complex in order to obtain a more detailed picture of the role played by cAMP-CRP in CytR regulation. By introducing CRP proteins that exhibit an altered DNA binding specificity into a strain containing a mutant deoP2 promoter in which cAMP-CRP activation was decreased and CytR regulation completely abolished, we show that CytR regulation of this promoter can be reestablished by restored the DNA binding of the cAMP-CRP complex. Hence, CytR regulation of deoP2 can be modulated by simply varying DNA binding of cAMP-CRP. These data confirm the crucial role played by the cAMP-CRP activator complex in CytR regulation of the deoP2 promoter.     

Regulation of a transport operon promoter in Salmonella typhimurium: identification of sites essential for nitrogen regulation

Summary The promoter of nitrogen-regulated transport, argTr, has been mutationally altered in order to determine the features that are essential for its response to nitrogen availability. Deletions of all sequences upstream of position-44 or downstream of position +2 had no effect no nitrogen regulation of argTr. These deletions define a small region of 44 bp where all necessary features for nitrogen regulation are located. This region includes for nitrogen regulation are located. This region includes sequences highly homologous to the nif consensus promoter. Alteration of this particular sequence caused drastic changes in the response to changes of nitrogen availability, thus indicating that they are directly involved in regulation. This implies that the NtrC protein must also act within this small region of the promoter. The data are discussed in terms of current-hypotheses concerning nitrogen regulation. In addition, we have shown 1. that carbon regulation at this promoter must occur at a site upstream from the nitrogen promoter; 2. that nifA can replace ntrC in the regulation of argTr.     

植物病原细菌毒性调控网络的研究进展

植物病原细菌通过复杂和精细的全局性调控网络来协调多个层面的毒性决定因子。在不同的植物病原细菌中,这些全局性的毒性调控网络控制着细菌的侵染策略、存活以及在面临寄主植物防卫系统的互作环境中实现成功侵染的病程。本文详细分析了植物病原细菌4个重要属(假单胞菌属、果胶杆菌属、黄单胞菌属和雷尔氏菌属)的模式病原菌主要的毒性调控系统,包括群体感应系统、双组分调控系统、转录激活调控子以及转录后、翻译后的调控机制。在此基础上,重点评价了一些模式菌株全局性毒性调控机制的异同点,总结了一些最新的研究进展,并绘制了精细的网络调控图。这些分析表明,虽然一些相同的调控系统控制着病原菌的毒性,但是在不同种以及种下的亚种或者致病变种中这些调控机制功能各异,对于病原菌全毒性的贡献也存在着明显的差异。     

Free amino acid mediated volume regulation of isolatedNoetia ponderosa red blood cells: Control by Ca2+ and ATP

Summary The ionic and metabolic requirements of cellular volume regulation and the free amino acid (FAA) efflux from hypoosmotically stressedNoetia ponderosa (Mollusca: Arcidae) red blood cells was studied. Deletion of Ca²⁺ from 50% ASW prevented cell volume regulation and decreased the FAA efflux. Addition of Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, or La³⁺ to 50% ASW increased volume regulation and the FAA efflux, while verapamil, a Ca²⁺ antagonist, inhibited volume regulation and the FAA efflux. Volume regulation by the blood cells has a metabolic component also since DNP or incubation of the cells at 4°C both inhibited volume regulation and the FAA efflux. Thus, the FAA permeability ofN. ponderosa blood cell membranes can be manipulated by altering seawater [Ca²⁺] or by indirectly modifying intracellular levels of ATP.Abbreviations FAA free amino acid - ASW artificial seawater - DMSO dimethylsulfoxide - DNP dinitrophenol     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">CREB5</Emphasis> Computational Regulation Network Construction and Analysis Between Frontal Cortex of HIV Encephalitis (HIVE) and HIVE-Control Patients

CREB5 computational regulation network construction and analysis of frontal cortex of HIV encephalitis (HIVE) is very useful to identify novel markers and potential targets for prognosis and therapy. By integration of gene regulatory network infer and the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery we identified and constructed significant molecule CREB5 regulation network from 12 frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients and 16 HIVE in the same GEO Dataset GDS1726. Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition), whereas in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE (BST2, CFB, LCAT, TNFRSF11B activation; CFHR1, LY96 inhibition) and downstream (GAS1, LCAT, LGALS3BP, NFAT5, VEZF1, ZNF652 activation; DGKG, IFITM1, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition). Importantly, we datamined that CREB5 regulation cluster of HIVE was involved in inflammatory response, proteolysis, biological adhesion, and negative regulation of biological process (only in HIVE terms) without positive regulation of cellular process, phosphotransferase, kinase, post-translational protein modification, ATP binding, transmembrane protein, calcium ion binding, acetylation, and hydrolase activity (only in HIVE-control patients terms), the condition was vital to inflammation and cognition impairment of HIVE. Our result demonstrated that common terms in both HIVE-control patients and HIVE included biological regulation, phosphoprotein, metabolic process, zinc, biosynthetic process, organelle, signal transduction, defense response, membrane, secreted, signal peptide, and glycoprotein, and these terms were more relative to inflammation and cognition impairment, therefore we deduced the stronger CREB5 regulation network in HIVE consistent with our number computation. It would be necessary of the stronger CREB5 regulation function to inflammation and cognition impairment of HIVE.     

桑树花青素合成相关MYB类转录因子的鉴定与功能分析

该研究通过生物信息学方法,从桑树基因组中获得了8个花青素生物合成调控关键转录因子（MYB）候选基因,利用转录组数据及实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析了各基因在不同组织及果实发育过程中的表达。聚类分析结果显示,4个MYB基因与葡萄、水稻和玉米花青素调控相关MYB基因聚为一类,仅1个MYB基因与拟南芥、苹果花青素调控相关MYB基因聚为一类。转录组数据显示多数基因在雄花中高水平表达。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,2个MYB基因（MnMYBJ和MnMYB4）在果实发育过程中持续下调,1个MYB基因（MnMYB330）在果实发育过程中显著上调,分别与花青素在桑椹中的积累成负相关和正相关关系。因此,桑树MYB基因家族对花青素的积累可能存在正调控与负调控两种机制。     

14-3-3 regulates the G2/M transition in the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis

14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved polypeptides that function as small adaptors that facilitate a diverse array of cellular processes by binding phosphorylated target proteins. One of these processes is the regulation of the cell cycle. Here we characterized the role of Bmh1, a 14-3-3 protein, in the cell cycle regulation of the fungus Ustilago maydis. We found that this protein is essential in U. maydis and that it has roles during the G2/M transition in this organism. The function of 14-3-3 in U. maydis seems to mirror the proposed role for this protein during Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell cycle regulation. We provided evidence that in U. maydis 14-3-3 protein binds to the mitotic regulator Cdc25. Comparison of the roles of 14-3-3 during cell cycle regulation in other fungal system let us to discuss the connections between morphogenesis, cell cycle regulation and the evolutionary role of 14-3-3 proteins in fungi.     

Occurrence of a regulatory deficiency in purine biosynthesis among purA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium

Summary A defect in the repression of the de novo purine biosynthetic enzymes was detected among purA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. We suggest that the defect is caused by an altered purine regulation gene (purR) which affects the response level of at least five of the de novo enzymes to repression by excess adenine. Thus the unlinked genes controlling these enzymes constitute a regulation controlled wholly or in part by a purR gene product. The regulation of the guanine operon is regulated by some other mechanism independent of purR.     

Multiple enhancers contribute to spatial but not temporal complexity in the expression of the proneural gene, amos

Background  

The regulation of proneural gene expression is an important aspect of neurogenesis. In the study of the Drosophila proneural genes, scute and atonal, several themes have emerged that contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of neurogenesis. First, spatial complexity in proneural expression results from regulation by arrays of enhancer elements. Secondly, regulation of proneural gene expression occurs in distinct temporal phases, which tend to be under the control of separate enhancers. Thirdly, the later phase of proneural expression often relies on positive autoregulation. The control of these phases and the transition between them appear to be central to the mechanism of neurogenesis. We present the first investigation of the regulation of the proneural gene, amos.     

基于TOPSIS综合评价法的医疗保险规制措施评价

?????? 目的 评价我国医疗保险规制效果,筛选优先干预措施,为建立有效的医院规制体系提供依据。方法 运用文献研究法明确现行医疗保险规制策略,通过问卷调查法调查策略实施情况,运用加权TOPSIS综合评价法对医疗保险规制的主要策略进行多维度综合评价。 结果 医疗保险支付方式是下一步规制改革的首要内容,接下来依次为医疗保险定点机构管理及医疗保险筹资和费用补偿。结论 在促进后付制（按项目付费）向预付制转变的同时,积极探索多种支付方式的结合运用。