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1.
    
Wei J  Wu G 《农业工程》2006,26(7):2087-2092
Pinus tabulaeformis carr. and Hippophae rhamnoides are widely planted in the low mountainous upland and loess plateau and are the main species for afforestation in the semiarid region. To expound their roles in controlling severe soil and water losses and the mechanism of their roles, a study on the hydro-ecological effects of the woods was carried out during 2002–2004, using the runoff plot method set up in different woods and conducting a physical and chemical analyses of the soil. The experimental woods are located in the low mountainous upland of Western Liaoning Province, China where the annual average air temperature is 5.4–8.7C, the annual precipitation is 450–580 mm, of which June averages 238.9 mm, and the annual average humidity is 38%–82%. The coverage rate of vegetation is 28%. The age of Pinus tabulaeformis carr. is 28 a, its distribution density is 2825 ind.·hm2, and its coverage rate is 0.75, while those of Hippophae rhamnoides are 11a, 8950 ind.·hm2 and 0.90, respectively. The results showed that the intercepting rates of canopy in Pinus tabulaeformis carr. and Hippophae rhamnoides were 23.08% and 32.28%. The litter intercepting rate averaged 14.17% in the Pinus tabulaeformis carr. woods and 20.8% in the Hippophae rhamnoides woods, respectively. The runoff depths in Pinus tabulaeformis carr. and Hippophae rhamnoides were 2.516 mm and 0.893 mm, while erosion amounts were 15.57 t·km-2 and 0.76 t·km-2, respectively. Under the comprehensive action in the artificial woods, the runoff depth and erosion amount from the woodland were 1/20 and 1/50 of those from the wasteland, respectively, which indicated the immense hydro-ecological functions of Pinus tabulaeformis carr. and Hippophae rhamnoides woods Litter and dead roots would decompose into organic matter and nutrient substances with the help of microbes, and would thus distinctly improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. In comparison with the wasteland, the bulk density of soil decreased in the woodland, while the content of organic matter, total N, total K, and available K significantly increased. The physical properties of soil in the woodland, such as total porosity, noncapillary porosity, saturated moisture content, noncapillary water-holding capacity, were distinctly higher in surface soil (0–20 cm) than those in the soil at the depth of 20–40 cm. There was no significant difference of pH, total P, and available P among different land types or at different soil depths. The noncapillary water-holding capacities in Pinus tabulaeformis carr. and Hippophae rhamnoides were 182.1% and 275.9% times those of wasteland, respectively.  相似文献   

2.
魏晶  吴钢 《生态学报》2006,26(7):2087-2092
利用设置在不同地类内的径流小区,对辽西大凌河流域的沟壑丘陵区进行定位观察,探讨辽西半干旱区主要造林树种油松和沙棘的水文生态效应.结果表明:2002年6月~2004年6月平均降水量为238.9mm时,油松和沙棘平均林冠截留量分别为55.5mm和76.05mm,其截留率分别为23.08%和32.28%,即约有1/4~1/3降水被林冠截留.油松林中凋落物平均截留率为14.17%,沙棘林为20.8%.油松林和沙棘林年均径流深分别为2.516mm和0.893mm;侵蚀量为15.57t km^-2和0.76t km^-2;林地内径流深和侵蚀量约为荒地(对照)的1/20和1/50.林地土壤理化性质,除土壤容重之外,0~20cm土层的总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、饱和含水量和非毛管持水量都高于2~40cm土层;油松林和沙棘林土壤有机质、全氮、全钾和速效钾含量均显著高于荒地;pH、全磷和速效磷在地类和不同土层深度中没有显著差异.沙棘林和油松林的非毛管持水量分别是荒地的275.9%和182.1%.  相似文献   

3.
油松林的能量平衡   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
肖文发 《生态学报》1992,12(1):16-24
  相似文献   

4.
使用热扩散探针法(TDP)监测黄土丘陵区2015年7—9月人工林中油松和沙棘树干液流密度(Js)的动态变化,并通过植物的水分利用生理特征判断2个树种的水分利用类型.结果表明: 油松和沙棘的Js在降水前后均表现为单峰型日变化特征,油松生长旺盛期的Js(12.62 mL·m-2·s-1)显著高于沙棘(2.60 mL·m-2·s-1).2个树种Js与光合有效辐射、水蒸汽压差、土壤体积含水量(SWC)呈显著正相关.8月和9月降水前后,2个树种的Js都主要受气象因素影响.9月降水导致SWC对沙棘Js的解释量增加4.2%,而8月和9月的降水导致SWC对油松Js的解释量均降低了0.3%.油松中午叶片水势显著高于沙棘且变异系数(7.3%)低于沙棘(11.7%),而沙棘具有较高的叶片气孔导度,因此可以判断出油松属于恒水型植物,沙棘属于变水型植物.  相似文献   

5.
土壤强还原处理(reductive soil disinfestation,RSD)可以有效修复退化设施蔬菜地土壤,但实施过程中亦会存在可溶性有机碳(DOC)与无机氮(NO3--N和NH4+-N)的淋溶风险。本研究选用水稻秸秆及其制备的生物质炭(biochar,BC)作为修复材料,采用BC、RSD以及RSD+BC三种方法修复退化蔬菜地土壤,探究修复过程中土壤基本性质、DOC与无机氮的动态变化。结果表明,与对照土壤相比,BC处理显著提高了土壤pH、EC和DOC含量(P<0.05),但对土壤NO3--N和NH4+-N无显著影响。对于RSD和RSD+BC处理,土壤NO3--N含量在1~3 d内快速下降,之后维持在较低水平;土壤DOC含量呈先上升后下降趋势,在整个培养时段均显著高于对照处理(P<0.05)。方差分析表明,BC与RSD处理对土壤DOC、全碳(TC)、全...  相似文献   

6.
沙棘果为制备沙棘膏的原料,以沙棘膏中总黄酮含量为考察影响工艺因素的指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定最优化制取沙棘膏工艺为:料液比1∶20(g/mL),温度75℃,提取溶剂为80%乙醇,综合考虑成本因素,提取时间4 h。按照该工艺沙棘膏中总黄酮的得率为15.64%。  相似文献   

7.
8.
沙棘不同部位总黄酮含量的测定及比较   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
考察了引种于俄罗斯的大果沙棘不同部位总黄酮含量的差异。用超声提取作为沙棘总黄酮的制备方法;以芦丁为对照品,采用分光光度法作为沙棘总黄酮的测定方法。实验结果表明,沙棘叶、果肉和果皮中总黄酮含量分别为1.71%、0.76%和0.55%,叶中总黄酮含量分别是果肉和果皮的2.3倍和3.1倍,因此引种于俄罗斯的大果沙棘叶具有较大的开发价值和应用前景。  相似文献   

9.
沙棘Frankia的侵染特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
比较了3株沙棘Frankia菌感染能力,Hr16可与野生菌作用互补.测定了不同接种方式和多种环境因子对回接的影响.土壤表层施菌接种,菌龄8周,苗龄4周,接种量每株0.01mlPCV,可产生高效共生效果.  相似文献   

10.
利用ISSR分子标记技术,分析了甘肃省东部地区8个中国沙棘居群的遗传多样性和遗传分化,以及气象因子对它们的影响.共调查了8个居群的240个个体,利用11条引物扩增出165条带.扩增范围集中在300~1 500 bp,其中157个位点表现为多态,占95.76%,分子变异分析(AMOVA)显示,居群内遗传分化程度高,76.5%的变异存在于居群内.基因分化系数(Gst)为0.2418,居群间基因流为1.5675.说明保护沙棘种群的遗传资源应优先考虑种群内个体.经Mantel检验发现,8个居群的地理距离和遗传距离显著相关(r=0.65,P=0.002). 对气象因子与遗传多样性所作的回归分析显示, 中国沙棘开花期间的风速与其遗传多样性呈显著正相关.说明开花期风速和地理距离是沙棘种群遗传多样性的重要影响因子.  相似文献   

11.
         下载免费PDF全文
Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest, the dominant community in Ziwuling Mountain lying in the hilly loess region, was studied for its nutrient distributions and bio-cycle characteristics in both natural and artificial forms. The results showed that the changes in the nutrient contents for different components in the same Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest stood in the order of needles > branches > bark > roots > bole. The aboveground nutrient elements in needles, branches, bark bole and litterfalls stood in the order of Ca > N > K > Mg > P, but the nutrients stored in the soil stood in the order of Ca > K > Mg > N > P. The accumulated amounts of nutrients increased first and then decreased with the increased age of the forest. The nutrient amounts reached their maximum when the stand was 30 years old, and decreased greatly when it was 50 years old. The 30-year-old artificial Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest had the highest annual accumulated amount of nutrients, and different stands stood in the order of II > III > IV > I. Comparatively, annual accumulated nutrients in different components stood in the order of needles > branches > roots > bark > bole. It was also suggested that the amounts of nutrients annually taken in from and retained in the natural Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest were significantly higher than those in artificial forests. The coefficients of nutrient use in various Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. stands stood in the order of Ca > Mg > N > K > P, but the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of the same element decreased with increased age of the forest. There were no differences in the utilization coefficient and the turnover period of nutrients in both natural and artificial matured Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forests.  相似文献   

12.
    
Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest, the dominant community in Ziwuling Mountain lying in the hilly loess region, was studied for its nutrient distributions and bio-cycle characteristics in both natural and artificial forms. The results showed that the changes in the nutrient contents for different components in the same Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest stood in the order of needles > branches > bark > roots > bole. The aboveground nutrient elements in needles, branches, bark bole and litterfalls stood in the order of Ca > N > K > Mg > P, but the nutrients stored in the soil stood in the order of Ca > K > Mg > N > P. The accumulated amounts of nutrients increased first and then decreased with the increased age of the forest. The nutrient amounts reached their maximum when the stand was 30 years old, and decreased greatly when it was 50 years old. The 30-year-old artificial Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest had the highest annual accumulated amount of nutrients, and different stands stood in the order of II > III > IV > I. Comparatively, annual accumulated nutrients in different components stood in the order of needles > branches > roots > bark > bole. It was also suggested that the amounts of nutrients annually taken in from and retained in the natural Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest were significantly higher than those in artificial forests. The coefficients of nutrient use in various Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. stands stood in the order of Ca > Mg > N > K > P, but the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of the same element decreased with increased age of the forest. There were no differences in the utilization coefficient and the turnover period of nutrients in both natural and artificial matured Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forests.  相似文献   

13.
大果良种沙棘愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17       下载免费PDF全文
李师翁  卢东平等 《西北植物学报》2001,21(2):262-266,T002
大果良种沙棘的幼嫩茎尖,茎段外植体接种在MS,1/2MS附加不同浓度配比的IAA,IBA,BA,NAA培养基上可诱导茎尖及腋芽生长,将诱导产生的无性系芽接种在MS或1/2MS附加BA0.3-0.5mg/L,NAA0.05mg/L的培养基上可形成丛生芽,同时在小叶片和嫩茎上诱导产生愈伤组织,继续培养愈伤组织表面形成大量的绿色突起,进一步分化成不定芽,在相同培养基上,不定芽上可直接产生不定芽,从而形成多达数百个的不定芽族,不定芽长至3cm时切下转至1/2MS附加IAA或IBA 0.2mg/L的培养基上可生根而形成完整 的再生植株。  相似文献   

14.
灰喜鹊摄食对中国沙棘种子萌发的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为了探明鸟类摄食中国沙棘果实后对中国沙棘种群扩散的作用,对①来自鸟粪肥的种子。②人工用酸和高温处理的种子和③作为对照的天然种子的萌发率和萌发速度进行比较,3种类型的种子均区分为具内果皮种子和不具内果皮种子两组。结果表明:酸性和高温环境对两种类型种子的萌发率影响不大,但中国沙棘果实的内果皮不仅使种子萌发推迟,而且还降低了种子的萌发率。灰喜鹊的消化作用虽然降低了中国沙棘种子的萌发率和萌发速度,但对中国沙棘种子的传播和种群的扩散仍有促进作用。  相似文献   

15.
鸟类取食中国沙棘果实的方式及其对种子的传播作用   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
2003年9月~2004年3月,定期观察取食中国沙棘果实的鸟类及其取食方式。共记录取食中国沙棘果实的鸟类18种,其取食果实的方式主要有:1)直接在树冠上吞食果实,有时候在吞食后将种子呕出;2)将果实从树上衔走后,在栖息处吞食或啄食;3)将果实啄落至地面,然后取食果肉和种子,留下果皮;4)啄破果皮,吸食果肉,留下果皮及种子;5)从顶端将果皮啄破后,仅取食里面的种子。不同的取食方式决定了它们对沙棘种子的传播作用不同。收集鸟粪便中的种子与完整的干果实及人工剥离果肉和内果皮的种子做萌发对比实验,结果表明,鸟类消化道过程对种子的萌发有一定影响,但萌发率仍较高。沙棘为多种鸟类提供食物,而鸟类则为沙棘传播种子,它们之间形成一种互利关系。  相似文献   

16.
山西北部地区沙棘群落的数量分类和排序研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
采用双向指示种分析法对山西北部地区沙棘群落进行分类和排序研究,结果将山西北部地区沙棘群落划分为14个群系,并论述了各群系的特征。DCA排序进一步说明了群系的分布格局与水分和土壤的密切关系,结果表明组成沙棘灌丛的种群对群落生境具有指示作用,能客观反映群落的生境特征.  相似文献   

17.
中国沙棘化学成分的分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
中国沙棘是分布在黄土高原地区的一个沙棘亚种。新鲜果实平均含水率为73.6%,含维生素C 738.2mg/100g(变化范围为378—1319mg/100g),胡萝卜素4.6—13.5mg/100g,有机酸3.32—5.30%,(其中苹果酸占67—71%),可溶性糖5.2—12.7%(其中葡萄糖占49.6%,果糖48.2%)。种子占果实重的5.8—7.9%。果肉含油2.05%,种子含油8.36%。影响果实化学成分变化的主要因素是生长环境,尤其是光照条件,以及果实的颜色类型。果肉油含胡萝卜素为54.0—102.6mg/100g,维生素E 40.1—61.8mg/100g,饱和脂肪酸32.8%,非饱和脂肪酸66.8%。种子油含胡萝卜素为27.8mg/100g,维生素E65.7—104.0mg/100g,饱和脂肪酸11.0%,非饱和脂肪酸88.9%。中国沙棘油中含有大量胡萝卜素和维生素E等天然药物成分是极为可贵的。  相似文献   

18.
沈阳城市和城郊油松凋落叶的分解动态   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了检测分解地点和凋落物类型对分解的影响,采用交互分解实验分析了油松凋落叶在城市林分和城郊林分中分解时不同立地条件(城市和城郊)以及不同油松凋落叶类型(城市油松凋落物和城郊油松凋落物)对凋落物的分解速率以及N、P残留率的相对作用。结果表明:不同的立地条件对油松凋落叶分解速率有显著影响(P<0.05):城郊林分中的油松凋落叶比城市林分中分解快,说明外在环境条件对分解的影响显著;在同一林分里,凋落物类型对凋落叶分解速率也有显著影响(P<0.05):城市凋落物分解快于城郊凋落物,说明凋落物内在特性对分解的影响显著。分解地点对于N、P残留率没有显著的影响,然而凋落物类型对N、P残留率有显著影响:城郊凋落物由于具有较高的C/N以及C/P初始值,比城市凋落物更容易富集N、P。  相似文献   

19.
沙棘果汁中可溶性固形物含量是衡量沙棘果实品质的重要指标之一。本研究报道青藏高原沙棘果实的不同生长期、不同产地、不同类型和不同海拔高度及不同储藏温度下,其果汁中可溶性固形物的含量及其变化规律,为青藏高原沙棘资源的开发利用,为合理选择沙棘原料基地和确定最佳采果期提供科学依据。  相似文献   

20.
安塞人工沙棘林地上部生物量和净初级生产量   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
采用收获法测定安塞沙棘人工林不同林龄林分的地上部生物量,分析沙棘人工林发育过程中地上部生物量和净初级生产量的变化趋势,建立沙棘单株地上部各器官分量的回归模型.结果表明沙棘人工林4~5a即可郁闭,郁闭度为0.8~0.9.1~8龄内,地上部生物量随林龄增加而增加,8~11龄增加缓慢,11~13龄趋于稳定,13龄的沙棘人工林地上部生物量为1151g/m2,地上部生物量的器官分配为主茎410g/m2(占35.6%),枝478g/m2(占41.5%),叶215g/m2(占18.8%),果20g/m2(占0.02%),枯枝28g/m2(占0.02%).8龄沙棘人工林的净初级生产量为600g/(m2  相似文献   

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