转基因鱼离市场还有多远

根据本实验室转基因鱼育种研究的现状,讨论了“转基因鱼离市场还有多远”这一令人关注的问题。转草鱼生长激素重组基因（ＣＡｇｃＧＨ）鲤鱼具有明显的快速生长和饵料节省效应,鱼体有高干物质含量及高蛋白低脂肪的生化组成,是一种优质食用鱼。把一种鱼的基因转移到另一种鱼,即转“全鱼”基因后,受体鱼基因组改变的程度,仅相当于两种杂交的１０万分之一左右,因而它对水生态系统的胁迫作用轻微的,充其量可视为与相应杂交鱼实质     

饥饿状态下转基因鲤鱼和对照鲤鱼血清生长激素的表达研究

研究采用酶联免疫吸附测定(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,ELISA)技术,比较分析了转GH基因鲤鱼和对照鲤鱼在饥饿和饱食状态下血清生长激素水平的变化规律,并探讨其可能机制.实验结果表明,在投喂实验中,转基因鲤鱼和对照鲤鱼血清生长激素水平均无明显变化,但转基因鲤鱼血清生长激素远高于对照鲤鱼,分别为(142.0±4.9)ng/mL和(1.6±0.2)ng/mL,转基因鲤鱼体重增长速率显著高于对照鱼.在饥饿实验中,转基因鲤鱼的血清生长激素迅速下降,从(142.0±4.9)ng/mL降至(46.0±3.2)ng/mL,而后稳定在这一较低水平;对照鲤鱼血清生长激素持续卜升,从(1.6±0.2)ng/mL升至(10.9±1.4)ng/mL,体重负增长速率没有显著差异.研究结果提示,转GH基因鲤鱼血清生长激素的调控机制与对照鲤鱼的不同,其表达水平不受脑垂体反馈抑制调控机制的影响,而与重组GH基因中β-actin基因启动子的调控模式相关.     

两种含SV40T不同区段的基因构建及其转基因小鼠的建立

目的　为解决SV4 0T转基因小鼠高发瘤难保种的问题 ,构建了两种含有SV4 0T不同区段的外源基因 :Rb结合域点突变的SV4 0T基因 (SV4 0T DRb)和无p5 3结合域的SV4 0T基因 (SV4 0T Dp5 3)。方法　利用分子生物学的基因克隆手段 ,将改造的SV4 0T基因片段克隆测序 ,最终将这两个改造后的基因克隆进乳腺特异性的真核表达载体p2 0 5C3中 ,运用雄原核显微注射法制备转基因小鼠。结果　利用PCR方法检测出 6只双阳性转基因 (同时检测到SV4 0T DRb和SV4 0T Dp5 3两种基因 )小鼠 ,为避免检测结果中假阳性的发生 ,应用Southern blot方法检测出 1只双阳性转基因小鼠。结论　本试验的结果证明 ,构建的两种含SV4 0T不同区段的策略是成功的 ,其建立的阳性转基因小鼠确实是弱化了SV4 0T转基因小鼠高发瘤的特性。     

人生长激素基因在转基因鲤鱼体内的遗传

通过有性繁殖转移入生长激素基因鲤鱼(P₁),获得了转基因鲤鱼的子一代(F₁)和子二代(F₂);外源基因在转基因P1与普通鲤鱼杂交产生的F₁代和转基因F1代自交产生的F₂代鱼中的存在率分别为45．4％和66．7％,外源基因拷贝数在子代个体之间存在很大差异,从每细胞2拷贝到每细胞200拷贝不等;外源基因在转基因鱼子代中仍可表达具有生物功能的产物．人生长激素(h1GH),并能促进鱼的生长。     

促绒毛生长基因及其在转基因动物中的应用

通过转基因克隆技术使得外源基因在皮肤细胞内超表达,进而促进毛囊发育和绒毛生长是培育高产量绒毛动物品系的有效途径.在转基因动物中构建真核表达栽体常用的皮肤特异性启动子主要是皮肤角蛋白基因启动子,具有促绒毛生长功能的基因则包括编码生长因子、转录因子及小分子蛋白的基因.目前已获得利用这些特异性启动子调控外源基因在皮肤细胞内超表达的转基因动物.     

人生长激素基因导入金鱼受精卵内的整合,表达和促生长效应研究

通过显微注射法把小鼠ＭＴ启动子与人生长激素的融合基因（ＭＴ－ｈＧＨ）导入红友睛金鱼受精卵内,共注射１５０６个卵子,获得８００尾成鱼,经斑点和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分子杂交表明,导入的ＭＴ－ｈＧＨ基因与部分受体鱼的染色体ＤＮＡ发生了整合,整合率为２２％,转基因鱼血清中的生长激素含量平均高于对照组,平均生长速度高于对照组,导入的ＭＴ－ｈＧＨ基因可以遗传给后代。     

人生长激素基因导入金鱼受精卵内的整合、表达和促生长效应研究

通过显微注射法把小鼠ＭＴ启动子与人生长激素的融合基因（ＭＴ－ｈＧＨ）导入红龙睛金鱼受精卵内,共注射１５０６个卵子,获得８００多尾成鱼。经斑点和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分子杂交表明,导入的ＭＴ－ｈＧＨ基因与部分受体鱼的染色体ＤＮＡ发生了整合,整合率为２２％,转基因鱼血清中的生长激素含量平均高于对照组,平均生长速度高于对照组。导入的ＭＴ－ｈＧＨ基因可以遗传给后代。     

两种凝集素基因在转基因烟草中表达的研究

构建了含尾穗苋凝集素基因(ACA)的cDNA序列和改造后的雪花莲凝集素基因(GNA)的植物表达载体pBACG。在此表达载体中,ACA和GNA基因的表达分别由35S启动子和CoYMV启动子控制。通过农杆菌介导,将ACA和GNA基因转化到烟草中,经卡那霉素筛选获得60株转化再生植株。对PCR检测呈阳性的50株植株进行接蚜虫实验,结果表明,其平均抑虫率达83．9％。Southern blotting分析表明,ACA和GNA基因都已整合到烟草基因组中。Western blotting结果显示这两个基因在不同植株中都可表达其相应的蛋白质,但表达水平不同。部分Western blotting分析呈阳性植株的抗蚜性与T0代相近,达85．3％,说明这两个基因的抗蚜功能可以稳定遗传。     

基因串联策略强化枯草芽孢杆菌终止子的功能及其在基因表达中的应用

在底盘微生物中使用高性能终止子能够显著增强基因终止效率,维持新合成mRNA的稳定性,提升外源基因表达性能.而目前缺乏专一用于枯草芽孢杆菌的终止子元件,限制了复杂功能基因电路的设计.[目的]在枯草芽孢杆菌中挖掘新的高性能终止子,并进一步重新设计,丰富适用于这一底盘的高性能人工终止子.[方法]将枯草芽孢杆菌终止子和枯草芽孢...     

Fast-growing transgenic common carp mounting compensatory growth

Compensatory growth is a phase of accelerated growth apparent when favourable conditions are restored after a period of growth depression. To investigate if F₂ common 'all-fish' growth hormone gene transgenic common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) could mount compensatory growth, a 9 week study at 29° C was performed. The control group was fed to satiation twice a day throughout the experiment. The other two groups were deprived of feed for 1 or 2 weeks, respectively, and then fed to satiation during the re-feeding period. At the end of the experiment, the live masses of fish in the deprived groups were still significantly lower than those of the controls. During the re-feeding period, size-adjusted mean specific growth rates and mean feed intakes were significantly higher in the deprived fish than in the controls, indicating a partial compensatory growth response in these fish. No significant differences were found in food conversion efficiency between the deprived and control fish during re-feeding, suggesting that hyperphagia was the mechanism responsible for increased growth rates. The proximate composition of the deprived fish at the end of the experiment was similar to that of the control fish. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to report that fast-growing transgenic fish can achieve partial compensation of growth following starvation.     

Elevated ability to compete for limited food resources by 'all-fish' growth hormone transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio

Food consumption, number of movements and feeding hierarchy of juvenile transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio and their size-matched non-transgenic conspecifics were measured under conditions of limited food supply. Transgenic fish exhibited 73·3% more movements as well as a higher feeding order, and consumed 1·86 times as many food pellets as their non-transgenic counterparts. After the 10 day experiment, transgenic C. carpio had still not realized their higher growth potential, which may be partly explained by the higher frequency of movements of transgenics and the 'sneaky' feeding strategy used by the non-transgenics. The results indicate that these transgenic fish possess an elevated ability to compete for limited food resources, which could be advantageous after an escape into the wild. It may be that other factors in the natural environment ( i.e. predation risk and food distribution), however, would offset this advantage. Thus, these results need to be assessed with caution.     

Sesquiterpenoids in two different kinds of agarwood

Sesquiterpenoids of an agarwood originating from Aquilaria agallocha and of the other kind of agarwood (Aquilaria sp.; probably Aquilaria malaccensis) were investigated by a combination of GLC and GC/MS. The differences in sesquiterpene composition between the two kinds of agarwood are discussed.     

Growth and energy budget of F2'all-fish' growth hormone gene transgenic common carp

The growth and energy budget for F₂‘all‐fish’ growth hormone gene transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio of two body sizes were investigated at 29·2° C for 21 days. Specific growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein, gross energy intake (I_E), and the proportion of I_E utilized for heat production (H_E) were significantly higher in the transgenics than in the controls. The proportion of I_E directed to waste products [faecal energy (F_E) and excretory energy loss (Z_E+U_E) where Z_E is through the gills and U_E through the kidney], and the proportion of metabolizable energy (M_E) for recovered energy (R_E) were significantly lower in the transgenics than in the controls. The average energy budget equation of transgenic fish was as follows: 100 I_E= 19·3 F_E+ 6·0 (Z_E+U_E) + 45·2 H_E+ 29·5 R_E or 100 M_E= 60·5 H_E+ 39·5 R_E. The average energy budget equation of the controls was: 100 I_E= 25·2 F_E+ 7·4 (Z_E+U_E) + 35·5 H_E+ 31·9 R_E or 100 M_E= 52·7 H_E+ 47·3 R_E. These findings indicate that the high growth rate of ‘all‐fish’ transgenic common carp relative to their non‐transgenic counterparts was due to their increased feed intake, reduced lose of waste productions and improved feed efficiency. The benefit of the increased energy intake by transgenic fish, however, was diminished by their increased metabolism.     

转基因鲤对几种环境因子耐受能力的研究

1　引　　言自 1980年美国华盛顿大学Ｒ Ｄ Ｐｌａｍｉｔｅｒ等利用转基因技术成功地育成世界上第一个“超级鼠”以来 ,世界范围的转基因生物的研究在植物、动物、微生物中相继开展 ,并取得了可喜的成绩 .转基因鱼 (Ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃｆｉｓｈ)的研究稍晚于晡乳动物 ,2 0世纪 80年代中期 ,中国、法国、日本、美国、德国及加拿大等国先后开展转基因泥鳅、鲤鱼、虹鳟、青鱼、罗非鱼和大西洋鲑等的研究 .开展鱼类基因工程育种研究原因是其自身潜在的经济价值和作为转基因材料较哺乳动物有明显的优势 .大多数鱼类行体外产卵、受精和孵化的繁…     

饥饿对转基因鲤与野生鲤生长竞争和性腺发育的影响

为研究转大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta)生长激素基因鲤(转基因鲤)在不同食物含量条件下的生长竞争(主要是生长、生殖),实验设定两个实验组,分别为正常投饲组和半饥饿实验组,每组的饲养池大小相同、混养的转基因鲤和对照鲤初始总体重相等。连续3个月定期采样后,处理数据并拟合体重体长方程,从形态学和组织学入手对转基因鲤和对照鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的生长状况、饲料占有情况和性腺发育状况开展研究。结果表明,正常投饲组的转基因鲤和对照鲤体重相对增长率分别为127.9%和70.6%,而半饥饿实验组的转基因鲤、对照鲤的体重相对增长率分别是72.3%和52.2%,表明无论在饱食还是在饲料短缺情况下,转基因鲤显示出快速生长的优势;通过比较两组转基因鲤和对照鲤的肠道充塞度,发现正常投饲组的转基因鲤和对照鲤的肠道食物充塞度差异不显著(P0.05),半饥饿组中的两种鱼的肠道食物充塞度差异不显著(P0.05),但是转基因鲤的肠长/体长比大于对照鲤,差异显著(P0.05),表明转基因鲤可能对饲料具有较强的消化、吸收能力;总体来看,两组实验鱼的性腺发育进程无明显差异(P0.05),但在部分月份转基因鲤和对照雌、雄鲤的相对性腺重差异显著(P0.05),无论在饱食还是在半饥饿情况下,转基因鲤的性腺发育情况略好于对照鲤。     

Evaluation of immunostimulatory and growth promoting effect of seed fractions of Achyranthes aspera in common carp Cyprinus carpio and identification of active constituents

Immunostimulatory and growth promoting properties of Achyranthes aspera seeds were studied with larvae of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Four experimental diets were prepared using raw (D1) and alcohol (D2), petroleum ether (D3) and 50% aqueous alcohol (D4) extracts of A. aspera seeds. Diet without seed served as control (D5). Fish were fed with test/control diet for 30 days and then immunized with 10 μl of c-RBC. Blood samples were collected 7 days after immunization. Survival (93 ± 3%) of fish was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 diet fed group compared to others. Highest specific growth rate was found in fish fed with diet D2. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of serum protein and albumin were found in D1 and D3 compared to others. Highest serum globulin level was found in D1, which was followed by D3, D2, D4 and D5. Hemagglutination titer level was 5-18 folds higher in diet D3 fed fish compared to others. SGOT and SGPT levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in control group compared to the treated groups. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 (2.513 ± 0.27 λ 450 nm) and D3 (2.38 ± 0.07 λ 450 nm) diets fed groups compared to others. The best performance of fish was found in raw A. aspera seeds incorporated diet fed group and the active constituents were identified as ecdysterone and two essential fatty acids linolenic acid and oleic acid.