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1.
为探究滇黄精(Polygonatum kingianum)叶绿体全基因组特征和密码子使用偏性,利用第二代测序技术对滇黄精嫩叶进行测序,再经组装与注释后得到其叶绿体基因组全序列,通过MISA、EMBOSS和CodonW等软件对滇黄精叶绿体全基因组的SSR位点、系统发育及密码子偏好性进行分析。结果表明,滇黄精完整叶绿体基因组长度为155 852 bp,基因组平均GC含量为37.7%,其大、小单拷贝区(LSC)长度分别为84 633和185 25 bp,反向重复区长度为26 347 bp,注释了132个基因,包括86个蛋白编码基因、38个tRNA基因和8个核糖rRNA基因。叶绿体基因组中共有69个SSR位点,绝大多数属于单碱基重复的A/T类型。系统发育分析表明滇黄精与格脉黄精(P. tessellatum)亲缘关系近,可能与分布地域有关。密码子偏好性分析表明,滇黄精叶绿体基因组密码子使用模式受到自然选择影响大于突变因素,最终确定9个最优密码子。因此, 滇黄精叶绿体基因组遗传结构和系统发育位置及其密码子偏倚的分析,为叶绿体基因工程研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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叶绿体系统发育基因组学的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
系统发育基因组学是由系统发育研究和基因组学相结合产生的一门崭新的交叉学科。近年来,在植物系统发育研究中,基于叶绿体基因组的系统发育基因组学研究优势渐显端倪,为一些分类困难类群的系统学问题提出了解决方案,但同时也存在某些问题。本文结合近年来叶绿体系统发育基因组学研究中的一些典型实例,讨论了叶绿体系统发育基因组学在植物系统关系重建中的价值和应用前景,并针对其存在问题进行了探讨,其中也涉及了新一代测序技术对叶绿体系统发育基因组学的影响。 相似文献
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荷花玉兰是重要的药用、观赏及园林绿化植物.应用454高通量测序技术对荷花玉兰叶绿体全基因组进行测序,解析了其基因组结构,并与近缘物种基因组进行了比较分析.荷花玉兰叶绿体基因组全长为159623bp,两个反向互补重复区(IRs)长26563bp,被分隔的大单拷贝区(LSC)和小单拷贝区(SSC)长度分别为87757和18740bp.成功注释129个叶绿体基因,其中18个基因含有内含子.基因的种类、数目以及GC含量等与其他木兰科物种相类似.生物信息学分析获得218个SSR位点,大多位点富含A-T,具有碱基偏好性.木兰科物种的重复基序类型和丰度相对保守,有利于开发叶绿体基因组载体.木兰亚纲植物叶绿体基因组的大小及IR区边界的变化与ycf1的长度密切相关.采用30个物种叶绿体基因组的66个共有蛋白编码基因构建系统发育树,对木兰属在被子植物中的进化位置进行了探讨.荷花玉兰叶绿体全基因组序列的获得和结构解析对优良品种培育、叶绿体基因组工程、木兰科物种分子标记开发及系统发育关系的研究具有重要价值. 相似文献
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轮叶蒲桃(Syzygium grijsii)系桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)蒲桃属(Syzygium)常绿灌木,其开发前景较好,但其叶绿体基因组特征及系统发育关系尚未有相关报道。为弥补轮叶蒲桃基因组学方面的空缺,该文对轮叶蒲桃的叶绿体基因组进行了系统的研究。运用Illumina高通量测序,并在GetOrganelle平台进行完整组装,同时利用组装好的数据分析轮叶蒲桃叶绿体基因组的结构特征和系统发育关系,其中包括轮叶蒲桃叶绿体基因组结构、功能及特征、密码子偏好性分析、叶绿体基因组的比较分析和系统发育的分析。结果表明:(1)轮叶蒲桃叶绿体基因组大小为158 591 bp,包含129个基因。其中,rRNA基因8个,tRNA基因37个,蛋白编码基因84个。分析检测到39个重复序列和84个SSR位点。(2)密码子偏好性分析发现轮叶蒲桃叶绿体基因组中末端存在对A/U的偏性,使用最多的是编码亮氨酸的密码子。(3)与近缘种比较,轮叶蒲桃的边界长度保守,边界处的基因种类与多个蒲桃属物种相似;轮叶蒲桃叶绿体基因组在LSC和SSC区变异度较大,有45处0.010
i<0.... 相似文献
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为了理清丝兰属(Yucca)叶绿体基因组特征和序列变异情况,进行丝兰属植物叶绿体比较基因组学分析,并构建基于叶绿体基因组的系统发育树。利用高通量测序技术获得无刺龙舌兰(Y. treculeana)叶绿体基因组序列,结合丝兰属现已发表的叶绿体基因组,使用生物信息学方法对6种丝兰属植物叶绿体全基因组进行基本结构、重复序列、边界收缩与扩张以及序列变异分析等在内的比较基因组学研究,并进行系统发育分析。结果表明:6种丝兰属植物叶绿体基因组大小、基因的类型及数目相近,种间基因组结构比较保守;从丝兰属植物叶绿体基因组中检测到多条重复序列,其中SSR位点多是由单核苷酸、双核苷酸和四核苷酸组成,且偏好使用A、T碱基;根据核酸多态性指数π≥0.008,在6种丝兰属植物叶绿体基因组中筛选出了psbK-psbl-trnS-GCU、rpl20-rps12和ccsA-ndhD 3个高变异区域;基于叶绿体全基因组和LSC+SSC区序列构建的系统发育关系基本一致,确定了6种丝兰属植物间的系统发育关系,其中无刺龙舌兰与克雷塔罗丝兰(Y. queretaroensis)的亲缘关系最近。本研究测序获得了无刺龙舌兰叶绿体基因组,揭示了6种丝兰属植物叶绿体基因组特征和序列变异情况,明确了各物种间的亲缘关系,研究结果可为后续丝兰属植物分子标记开发及系统发育研究提供参考。 相似文献
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为探究空心泡(Rubus rosaefolius)叶绿体基因组特征,本研究以空心泡为试验材料,采用Illumina NovaSeq平台进行高通量测序,获得空心泡完整的叶绿体基因组序列,并进行空心泡叶绿体基因序列特征和系统发育分析。结果表明:空心泡的完整叶绿体基因组总长度为155650 bp,具有典型的四分体结构,包括2个反向重复序列(各25748 bp)、1个大拷贝区(85443 bp)、1个小拷贝区(18711 bp)。空心泡叶绿体全基因组共鉴定出131个基因,包括86个蛋白质编码基因、37个tRNA基因和8个rRNA基因,全基因组的GC含量为36.9%。空心泡叶绿体基因组包含47个散在重复序列、72个简单重复序列(simple sequence repeating,SSR)位点,密码子偏好性为亮氨酸密码子,偏好使用A/U结尾的密码子。系统发育分析表明,空心泡与小叶悬钩子(Rubus taiwanicola)亲缘关系最近,其次是能高悬钩子(Rubus rubroangustifolius)和腺萼悬钩子(Rubus glandulosopunctatus)。空心泡的叶绿体基因组特征及其系统发育分析,为空心泡的遗传多样性研究和叶绿体开发利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为探究桃儿七(Sinopodophyllum hexandrum)不同叶绿体基因组特征,本研究以桃儿七5个叶绿体基因组为研究对象,借助生物信息学工具进行基因组图谱构建、重复序列分析、密码子偏好分析、反向重复序列区(inverted repeat, IR)/单拷贝区(single-copy, SC)边界分析、基因组序列比较分析及系统发育分析。结果表明:桃儿七5个叶绿体基因组全长为157 203–157 940 bp,为典型的叶绿体四分体结构,共注释出133–137个基因,说明桃儿七叶绿体基因组具有多样性。桃儿七不同叶绿体基因组简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat, SSR)位点不同,单核苷酸A/T占主要优势,散在重复序列包括正向重复、回文重复和反向重复3类。密码子偏好分析显示有效密码子(effective number of codon,ENc)值为51.14–51.17,密码子偏好性弱,GC与GC3s所占比例小于50%,密码子偏向使用A和U碱基并且以A和U碱基结尾。桃儿七5个叶绿体基因组IR/SC边界和基因组序列均比较保守。系统发育分析结果表明桃儿七和北美桃儿七亲... 相似文献
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为确定桃叶珊瑚属(Aucuba)植物叶绿体基因组的结构及其序列变异,揭示其属下种间亲缘关系,该研究对桃叶珊瑚(A. chinensis)、花叶青木(A. japonica var. variegata)等6种桃叶珊瑚属植物和丝缨花属植物黄杨叶丝缨花(Garrya buxifolia)进行二代测序,利用生物信息学软件对其叶绿体基因组序列进行组装和注释,并进行基本特征分析、序列比较以及系统发育分析。结果表明:(1)桃叶珊瑚属植物叶绿体基因组具典型的环状四分体结构,6条序列全长157 891~158 325 bp,均编码114个基因,包括80个蛋白质编码基因、30个tRNA基因和4个rRNA基因。(2)6种植物叶绿体基因组高频密码子数均为29个,偏好以A/U结尾,确定了这6条序列的最优密码子共100个,包含12个共有的最优密码子。(3)6条叶绿体基因组序列共检测到270条散在重复序列,133条串联重复序列以及412个SSR位点。(4)比较基因组学分析结果表明,该属植物叶绿体基因组序列高度保守。(5)从叶绿体基因组中筛选出10个高变片段。(6)系统发育分析结果显示支持桃叶珊瑚属为一个支持率较高的单系,与丝缨花属关系较近。该研究中的5种桃叶珊瑚属植物以及1种丝缨花属植物的叶绿体基因组均为首次测序组装,揭示了桃叶珊瑚属及其属下种间的系统发育关系,为桃叶珊瑚属植物的分类鉴定和系统发育提供了参考资料。 相似文献
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Hoechst dye 33258-CsCl density gradients were used to isolate two satellite DNA species from Synura petersenii Korsh. sensu lato, a member of the Synurophyceae. One satellite DNA was identified as the chloroplast genome. The chloroplast genome is the smallest (91.5 kb) published for any chromophyte and approximates the size of the smallest functional chlorophyte chloroplast genome (Codium fragile, 89 kb). The second satellite DNA was small (34.5 kb), and its origin is undetermined. The potential of using the S. petersenii chloroplast genome in comparative studies for evaluating organellar evolution and algal systematics is discussed. 相似文献
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白花刺续断在中国西藏是一种常用的药用植物,但其叶绿体全基因组的相关研究较少。为揭示该物种叶绿体全基因组的基本特征并探讨其谱系遗传结构,该研究利用Illumina测序平台对来自5个野生居群的10个白花刺续断个体进行二代测序,经组装、注释,得到10条完整的叶绿体全基因组序列,并对它们的基因组特征和居群间的谱系进化关系进行了初步研究。结果表明:(1)白花刺续断的叶绿体全基因组大小为155 335~156 266 bp,共注释113个基因,包括72个蛋白编码基因、30个tRNA基因和4个rRNA基因,其叶绿体基因组的大小、结构、GC含量及基因组成等方面在种内高度保守。(2)基因组比较分析表明,白花刺续断变异较大的片段均位于单拷贝区,且IR边界未出现明显的扩张和收缩。(3)群体遗传分析发现,白花刺续断的野生居群具有明显的地理遗传结构,不同居群间在遗传距离与地理距离上具有一定的相关性。研究认为,白花刺续断叶绿体基因组在种内居群水平上比较保守,且叶绿体基因组可在居群水平上揭示物种的地理遗传结构。这为后续开展刺续断属物种群体遗传学和系统发育基因组学研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Identification of the entire set of transferred chloroplast DNA sequences in the mitochondrial genome of rice 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Summary The entire set of transferred chloroplast DNA sequences in the mitochondrial genome of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) was identified using clone banks that cover the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. The mitochondrial fragments that were homologous to chloroplast DNA were mapped and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences around the termini of integrated chloroplast sequences in the rice mtDNA revealed no common sequences or structures that might enhance the transfer of DNA. Sixteen chloroplast sequences, ranging from 32 bases to 6.8 kb in length, were found to be dispersed throughout the rice mitochondrial genome. The total length of these sequences is equal to approximately 6% (22 kb) of the rice mitochondrial genome and to 19% of the chloroplast genome. The transfer of segments of chloroplast DNA seems to have occurred at different times, both before and after the divergence of rice and maize. The mitochondrial genome appears to have been rearranged after the transfer of chloroplast sequences as a result of recombination at these sequences. The rice mitochondrial DNA contains nine intact tRNA genes and three tRNA pseudogenes derived from the chloroplast genome. 相似文献
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Cynomorium is a herbaceous holoparasite that has been placed in Santalales, Saxifragales, Myrtales, or Sapindales. The inverted repeat (IR) region of the chloroplast genome region is slow evolving and, unlike mitochondrial genes, the chloroplast genome experiences few horizontal gene transfers between the host and parasite. Thus, in the present study, we used sequences of the IR region to test the phylogenetic placements of Cynomorium. Phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast IR sequences generated largely congruent ordinal relationships with those from previous studies of angiosperm phylogeny based on single or multiple genes. Santalales was closely related to Caryophyllales and asterids. Saxifragales formed a clade where Peridiscus was sister to the remainder of the order, whereas Paeonia was sister to the woody clade of Saxifragales. Cynomorium is not closely related to Santalales, Saxifragales, Myrtales, or Sapindales; instead, it is included in Rosales and sister to Rosaceae. The various placements of the holoparasite on the basis of different regions of the mitochondrial genome may indicate the heterogeneous nature of the genome in the parasite. However, it is unlikely that the placement of Cynomorium in Rosales is the result of chloroplast gene transfer because Cynomorium does not parasitize on rosaceous plants and there is no chloroplast gene transfer between Cynomorium and Nitraria, a confirmed host of Cynomorium and a member of Sapindales. 相似文献
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Recently, the complete chloroplast genome sequences of many important crop plants were determined, and this can be considered a major step forward toward exploiting the usefulness of chloroplast genetic engineering technology. Economically, cotton is one of the most important crop plants for many countries. To further our understanding of this important crop, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome from cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.). The chloroplast genome of cotton is 160,317 base pairs (bp) in length, and is composed of a large single copy (LSC) of 88,841 bp, a small single copy (SSC) of 20,294 bp, and two identical inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,591 bp each. The genome contains 114 unique genes, of which 17 genes are duplicated in the IRs. In addition, many open reading frames (ORFs) and hypothetical chloroplast reading frames (ycfs) with unknown functions were deduced. Compared to the chloroplast genomes from 8 other dicot plants, the cotton chloroplast genome showed a high degree of similarity of the overall structure, gene organization, and gene content. Furthermore, the sequences of the genes showed high degrees of identity at the DNA and amino acid levels. The cotton chloroplast genome was somewhat longer than the chloroplast genomes of most of the other dicot plants compared here. However, this elongation of the cotton chloroplast genome was found to be due mainly to expansions of the intergenic regions and introns (non-coding DNA). Moreover, these expansions occurred predominantly in the LSC and SSC regions. 相似文献
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Universal (consensus) primers are those primers that have the ability to amplify the targeted region of DNA across a broad
range of individuals in a certain group of organisms. In plants, such universal primers have been designed to target regions
in the nuclear, mitochondrial or chloroplast genome. Among these three genomes, the chloroplast genome is the most suited
for the design of consensus primers due to the lower rate of evolution and hence conservation of gene order and sequence of
the genome among the different plant species compared to the other two genomes. Several molecular studies in plants have developed
and used chloroplast-specific universal primers. In this review, I present some examples of the nuclear DNA-specific universal
primers and discuss the features of the chloroplast DNA that make it the most suited for the design of such primers. I then
refer to all chloroplast-specific primers developed so far and provide some examples of molecular studies and applications
that made use of them. 相似文献
17.
We have estimated the extent of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation in three species of green algae belonging to the genus Chlamydomonas to determine if this variation could be used for taxonomic studies. The overall arrangement of sequences in the chloroplast genome of Chlamydomonas eugametos was compared with that of the closely related C. moewusii and that of the more distantly related C. reinhardtii. The results show that the chloroplast genomes of C. eugametos and C. moewusii are essentially co-linear and are highly homologous in sequence while those of C. eugametos and C. reinhardtii have been extensively rearranged and share a relatively low overall sequence homology. This wide range of chloroplast genome organization suggests that the analysis of cp-DNA variation will be useful for the classification of algae belonging to the Chlamydomonas genus. 相似文献
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Yue Liu Naxin Huo Lingli Dong Yi Wang Shuixian Zhang Hugh A. Young Xiaoxiao Feng Yong Qiang Gu 《PloS one》2013,8(2)