无标记纳米化学发光新一代体外诊断技术及其在急性心肌梗死快速诊断中的应用

正急性心肌梗死是目前世界上最常见的疾病死亡原因,尽管近10年来我国诊疗技术有了明显提高,在急性心肌梗死的诊断和治疗等相关领域,国家投入也逐年加大,但死亡率却居高不下,其主要原因之一是缺乏即时诊断的快速检测技术[1]。针对高发病率和高死亡率急性心肌梗死对快速、灵敏、低成本体外诊断技术的迫切需求,项目开展无标记纳米化学发光新一代体外诊断技术及其在急性心肌梗死快速诊断中的应用研究,发展高敏感性、高特异性     

放射免疫和酶联免疫试剂发展动态

放射免疫分析是六十年代初期建立和发展起来的一种有效的体外诊断新技术。它主要用于肝炎、癌症、甲状腺等常见病,多发病的早期诊断并为计划生育、优生学等研究方面提供手段。放射免疫技术是借助于放射性同位素测量的高灵敏性和免疫学反映的高特异性(专一性)相结合,使它成为核医学临床诊断研究的强有力工具。     

泌尿系结石诊断中B超的应用价值

目的探讨B超在泌尿系诊断中的应用价值。方法对2014年9月~2016年7月我院收治的106例高危泌尿系结石患者分别行B超及X线扫描检查诊断,并对两种方法的诊断符合率进行分析比较。结果本组患者的泌尿系结石发生率为82.08%,其中肾结石、输尿管上段结石、输尿管中段结石、输尿管下段结石、膀胱结石的构成比分别为41.38%、22.99%、5.75%、19.54%、10.34%;经B超诊断符合率均显著高于X线诊断,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 B超在泌尿系结石诊断中符合率高,应用价值高。     

多因素癌症诊断分类模型的建立和应用

随着基因组学、蛋白质组学技术的运用,对癌症相关分子标志物的筛选,以及基于多个分子标志物的诊断分类模型,成为近年来研究癌症诊断问题的热门途径。本文介绍了如何从基因芯片和质谱等数据库中筛选有诊断作用的分子标志物,以及构建高敏感性、高特异性诊断分类模型的技术路线;并根据在各类肿瘤中的研究实例,分析各分类算法的特点。     

聚合酶链式反应在老年肺结核病人诊断价值

鉴于老年肺结核病人误诊率、漏诊率高,且缺乏病原学诊断方法,我院用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）检测３０例老年肺结核病人痰中结核杆菌进行探讨,结果显示,ＰＣＲ阳性率远较培养、涂片高（Ｐ＜０．００５）,从而提高了诊断符合率,使病人得到早期治疗。     

超声诊断对输尿管结石的临床价值探讨

目的探讨超声诊断输尿管结石的临床价值,并对其声像图进行分析。方法分析我院2008年1月-2009年6月确诊的21例输尿管结石患者的超声声像图及诊断符合率情况。结果21例输尿管结石中超声确诊19例,诊断符合率90．48％。结论超声诊断输尿管结石具有方便、无创,诊断符合率高,值得临床推广和应用。     

淋病奈瑟菌感染实验室检测技术的进展

细菌培养是诊断淋病奈瑟菌(NG)感染的"金标准",也是目前诊断淋病最可靠的方法.但淋病奈瑟菌在人体外抵抗力极弱,不易培养;仅做细菌形态学检查,诊断意义有限.随着淋病奈瑟菌耐药性不断增强,多重耐药菌出现并广泛传播.高敏感性、高特异性、操作简便的分子生物学检验技术,如单管多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术等,已开始用于淋病奈瑟...     

拉曼光谱技术在病原菌感染诊断中的应用进展

快速准确诊断感染性疾病病原体是遏制超级细菌传播和抗生素滥用的重要防线。目前,临床病原菌感染诊断十分依赖于培养手段,导致检测周期长达数日,不但影响了患者的及时诊治,还间接导致抗生素的滥用。拉曼光谱技术是一种无损、高灵敏的分子指纹图谱检测技术,近年来在生物学领域得到广泛应用,其具有的免培养、快速、高特异性、低成本等优点为病原菌感染的诊断提供了新方案。本文阐述了拉曼光谱技术的原理和特点,综述了其在病原菌鉴定和抗菌药物敏感性试验方面的应用进展。     

毛霉菌病的诊断和治疗

毛霉菌病是由毛霉菌引起的严重机会性感染,大多病情凶险,死亡率高。为进一步提高对该病的认识,以便早期诊断及治疗,现对毛霉菌病的发病机制、临床表现以及诊断和治疗等作一综述。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.