Chemical Characterization of basil (Ocimum Spp.) found in the markets and used in traditional medicine in Brazil

Ocimum species are used both in Brazilian traditional medicine against bronchitis, coughs, and sorethroat, and in foods and flavorings. The traditional uses of basil in Brazil are reviewed and fourteen accessions of basil, O. americanum (1), O. basilicum (3), O. campechianum (3), O. gratissimum (5), and O. selloi (2) were collected and brought from Brazil to the USA and grown at Purdue University. Upon flowering, the volatile oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and chemically analyzed by GC/ MS. Accessions ofO. gratissimum showed high eugenol (40-66%) and high thymol (31%), as a relative percentage of total volatile oil. Ocimum campechianum accessions showed high 1,8-cineole (62%) and ß-caryophyllene (78.7%). Accessions of O. basilicum were found to be rich in 1,8-cineole (22%), linalool (49.7%), methyl chavicol (47%) or methyl (E)-cinnamate (65.5%). An O. americanum var. americanum accession showed high methyl (E)-cinnamate (>90%). Volatile oils of O. basilicum and O. gratissimum naturalized in Brazil reflected the range of chemotypes found in their country of origin. Unusual basils from other Ocimum species were identified that can serve as genetic sources of aroma chemicals for crop improvement.     

FLORAL BIOLOGY AND BREEDING SYSTEM OF BAUHINIA BENTHAMIANA TAUB. (LEGUMINOSAE), A BAT-POLLINATED TREE IN VENEZUELAN “LLANOS”

The breeding system and floral characteristics of Bauhinia ungulata L. were investigated during two consecutive flowering cycles (Dec-Feb). This tree grows in savannas in small sized patches scattered in the grassland and in larger tree clusters called “mata.” Anthesis occurs between 17:00 and 19:30. Anther dehiscence and nectar secretion begin one hour after anthesis. Nectar is produced for 10 to 12 hr with an average sugar concentration of 13.5%. Flowers in small trees secrete nectar at a higher rate than do flowers in bigger trees. Two phyllostomatid bat species, Glossophaga soricina and Phyllostomus discolor, visit the flowers of B. ungulata between 20:00 and 4:00. Visits of variable duration occur every 1 to 2 hr. In general, the times of greatest nectar production, of highest solute concentration of the nectar and of most frequent visits by the main pollinators coincide. The flowers are significantly dimorphic in pistil length, and ovules are abortive in the short-pistil flowers. Artificial self- and cross-pollinations in long-and short-pistil flowers show that B. ungulata is genetically self-incompatible and functionally andromonoecious.     

澜沧舞花姜繁殖生物学特性及其进化意义探讨

 舞花姜属（Globba）植物具有多样的繁殖策略。分布于西双版纳的澜沧舞花姜（Globba lancangensis）自然条件下既能结实,同时又能在花序下部产生珠芽。通过对澜沧舞花姜的花部性状、花粉活力、传粉昆虫的访花行为、结实状况、珠芽产量等多方面的观测,初步了解了澜沧舞花姜的繁殖生物学特性。结果表明,澜沧舞花姜具有雄花及两性花同株的性表达特征。雄花及两性花的花粉在中午12∶00以前活力很高,之后雄花的花粉活力急剧下降,而两性花的花粉到16∶00仍有萌发能力。澜沧舞花姜在花序上产生雄花及两性花,每个花序每天仅开少量的花,其中50%的时间仅开雄花或两性花,在整个种群中形成了一定程度的暂时性的雄花两性花异株现象,从而增加了异交的可能性。澜沧舞花姜雄花的存在为P/O低的两性花提供了花粉补贴,这使得它可以通过调节雄花与两性花比例来调节种群的P/O,从而保证一定的结实能力。人工自交与异交下结果率没有差异,但自交结实率显著低于异交结实率,表明澜沧舞花姜有明显的自交不亲和现象。排蜂（Megapis dorstata）和黄绿彩带蜂（Nomia strigata）是澜沧舞花姜的主要访花昆虫,其中排蜂是它的有效传粉昆虫。澜沧舞花姜可能通过雄花两性花同株与自交不亲和相结合来促进异交。     

Comparative evaluation of antiinflammatory potential of fixed oil of different species of Ocimum and its possible mechanism of action.

Ocimum sanctum fixed oil and linolenic acid found to possess significant antiinflammatory activity against PGE2, leukotriene and arachidonic acid-induced paw edema. The other species of Ocimum, viz. O. basilicum and O. americanum also containing linolenic acid in varying proportions, also showed significant inhibition of edema against carrageenan, PGE2, leukotriene and arachidonic acid-induced paw edema. The fixed oil of O. basiliaum containing maximum percentage of linolenic acid showed higher protection. The results suggests that linolenic acid percent in the fixed oils of different species of Ocimum has the capacity to block both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism and could be responsible for the antiinflammatory activity.     

Reproductive biology of the invasive exotic shrub, Rhododendron ponticum L. (Ericaceae)

The reproductive biology of an exotic species will affect its ability to become naturalized and invasive in non-native habitats. Rhododendron ponticum is an ecologically damaging exotic weed in the British Isles, which spreads predominantly by seed. I investigated how inbreeding and outcrossing affect seed production and germination in a wild population of this species in Ireland. Experimental manipulations revealed low fruit and seed set when insects were excluded from flowers, suggesting that this species has limited capability for spontaneous autogamy. Hand-pollination treatments showed that, although flowers are self-compatible (with self and same plant pollen), higher levels of seed set occur following outcrossing (xenogamy). There was no significant difference in rate of germination of seeds from inbred or outcrossed treatments. The addition of xenogamous pollen to open flowers did not increase fruit or seed set, suggesting that flowers in this population are not pollen limited: native generalist pollinators, mainly bumblebees ( Bombus spp.), are providing an adequate pollinator service. This work demonstrates that outcrossing increases seed set and pollinators are required to facilitate this. Hence, generalist native pollinators can promote invasion by exotic plants. Native pollinators can clearly play an important part in alien species invasion.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 155 , 373–381.     

栽培细叶百合的传粉生态

对栽培的细叶百合进行传粉生态学的初步观察结果显示：细叶百合2:30～3:00开始开花,5:30～7:00完全开放;单花开放时间3～4 d,群体花期为12 d。花蜜分泌在开花当日,分泌高峰在9:00～11:00,花蜜分泌与昆虫访花谐调一致。花蜜成分主要为葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖和β－D吡喃果糖,花朵挥发物的成分是软脂酸、软脂酸甲酯、肉豆蔻酸、月桂酸、3－叔戊基戊酮、十三烷和1－甲基,2异丙烯基环丁基乙醇。访花昆虫主要是蝶类、蜂类和蝇类;传粉昆虫为绿豹蛱蝶、大红蛱蝶、绢粉蝶及单齿切叶蜂、小齿淡脉隧蜂,其中小齿淡脉隧蜂的传粉活动最为活跃。晴天时小齿淡脉隧蜂访花频率的日变化与光照的日变化呈极显著的正相关,与温度的日变化呈显著的正相关,与湿度的日变化呈显著的负相关;阴天时与空气温度相关极显著,与空气湿度相关显著。细叶百合以异花虫媒传粉为主,部分自交可育。     

海南三七（姜科）的食源性欺骗传粉

有花植物为繁殖成功,进化出各种各样的花部特征来吸引传粉者,如为传粉者提供花蜜、花粉、栖息地等,然而在33科146属的被子植物中也存在着不提供任何报酬而欺骗昆虫为其传粉的现象。这种欺骗性传粉模式主要出现在高度进化的具有多样化传粉模式的兰科植物中。报道了在姜科植物中首次发现的食源性欺骗传粉模式。对姜科山柰属海南三七进行连续2年的传粉生物学观察和研究发现,海南三七的花在早上5:30～6:00之间开放,下午17:00～18:00左右闭合萎蔫,持续大约11～12h。开花过程中花粉活性与柱头可受性均保持较高水平(>90%)。花粉/胚珠比率(P/O)为82.20±47.89(n=20)。木蜂是其主要的访花和传粉昆虫,访花目的是吸取花蜜。海南三七虽有细长线形的蜜腺,但并不分泌花蜜作为传粉昆虫访花的报酬,采用食源性欺骗的方式欺骗木蜂为其传粉。繁育系统的研究表明广西弄化的海南三七居群主要是通过根茎进行无性繁殖。     

Reproductive ecology of Cneorum tricoccon L. (Gneoraceae) in the Balearic Islands

This paper examines some aspects of the reproductive biology of Cneorum tricoccon L. (Cneoraceae), a Mediterranean relict shrub which evolved under tropical conditions during the Tertiary. The breeding system, the flowering and fruiting phenology, and the variability in fecundity within and among populations of this plant were examined in the Balearic Islands. The plant is andromonoecious, and pollen from male flowers appeared to be more fertile than pollen from hermaphrodite flowers. There was no limitation of pollen, and xenogamous crosses produced more fruit than geitonogamous ones. The efficiency of male flowers suggests that their use increases plant fitness, thus maintaining such a breeding system. Flowering time is unusual compared with other species in the habitat; there is synchrony among individuals, and flowers are produced almost continuously from November through June. Floral sex ratio (number of hermaphrodite flowers: total number of flowers) varied greatly both through the flowering season and between years and was not consistent through time, suggesting that sex expression may be determined more by factors such as resource status of the plant than by genetic factors. Fully developed fruits are observed from December to July. Fecundity varied among individuals depending upon plant size and was consistent during the three years of the study (1992–1994). Fruit crop also differed strongly among sites. The greatest, most vigorous and thus most fecund plants are found in some populations of Mallorca island, especially at high altitudes. In other Balearic islands with low altitudes (<200 m), such as Cabrera, individuals are always short, less leafy and less fecund.     

Specialization for hawkmoth and long-proboscid fly pollination in Zaluzianskya section Nycterinia (Scrophulariaceae)

The evolution of pollination systems has been investigated in Zaluzianskya section Nycterinia (Scrophulariaceae), a group characterized by very long-tubed flowers (up to 60 mm) that open either only at night (19 species) or during the day (one species). Field observations of three species: Z. natalensis , Z. elongata and Z. pulvinata , revealed that their flowers are pollinated shortly after dusk by hawkmoths. Further observations showed that Z. microsiphon , the sole species to have flowers that open only during the day, is pollinated exclusively by long-proboscid flies belonging to the family Nemestrinidae. A phylogenetic analysis of Z. sect. Nycterinia based on morphological characters indicates that Z. microsiphon evolved within a clade of night-flowering species. The shift from hawkmoth to long-proboscid fly pollination in Zaluzianskya was probably facilitated because long corolla tubes, white petals and dilute nectar in hawkmoth-pollinated flowers are pre-adaptations for pollination by long-proboscid flies. However, the autapomorphic features of Z. microsiphon , such as zygomorphy, diurnal flower anthesis and lack of scent, can be regarded as adaptations for long-proboscid fly pollination. Breeding system experiments on Z. natalensis and Z. microsiphon revealed the existence of genetic self-incompatibility. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 138 , 17–27.     

Pollination and breeding system of Couepia uiti (Mart. and Zucc.) Benth (Chrysobalanaceae) in the Pantanal da Nhecolandia.

The pollination biology and breeding system of Couepia uiti was studied. In this species, flowers opened at 06:00 AM anthesis, and nectar production began at around 0800 h, reached a maximum volume from 09:30 AM to 10:30 AM, and decreased thereafter. The nectar sugar concentration increased continuously, but showed an abrupt increase from 10:00 AM to 12:00 AM. Pollen release occurred at about 09:30 AM and was quickly collected. The stigmas became receptive at around 12:00 AM. The pollinators of C. uiti included the bees Apis mellifera, Xylocopa sp. and Bombus sp., and three species of wasps. This conclusion was based on the observation that these hymenopterans had C. uiti pollen on their bodies, visited the receptive flowers, and touched the anthers and stigmas, thereby promoting pollination. Of these floral visitors, A. mellifera was considered to be the most efficient pollinator. However, mixed pollination also occurred. The number of C. uiti flowers visited in the morning (n = 52) was three times smaller than in the afternoon (n = 62), and the species richness of floral visitors was also bigger in the afternoon (eight in the afternoon versus five in the morning). This finding indicated that these floral visitors preferred to exploit nectar rather than pollen. Controlled pollination experiments showed that C. uiti was a self-incompatible species that produced fruits only by cross-pollination. Treatments such as agamospermy and spontaneous and self-pollinations did not produce fruits.     

绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒的精油成分分析

该研究采用固相微萃取法(SPEM)和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),分析绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油的化学成分。结果表明:从绿罗勒(Ocimum basilicum‘Green’)中鉴定出40种化学成分;从莴苣罗勒(O.basilicum‘Lettuce’)中鉴定出26个化学成分;从大叶罗勒(O.basilicum var.majus)中鉴定出36个化学成分。绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油中共有的香味物质为芳樟醇、[1S-(1à,4à,7à)]-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-甘菊环烃]和榄香烯。从绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油检测到的主要成分中发现,绿罗勒和大叶罗勒同为芳樟醇,化学型同为芳樟醇型;莴苣罗勒为桉树脑,化学型为桉树脑型。此外,还对绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油化学型的差异进行了分析,对罗勒精油的应用前景进行了展望。     

EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF FLOWERING IN LEMNA. II. SOME EFFECTS OF MEDIUM COMPOSITION,CHELATING AGENTS AND HIGH TEMPERATURES ON FLOWERING IN L. PERPUSILLA 6746

Hillman , William S. (Yale U., New Haven, Conn.) Experimental control of flowering in Lemna. II. Some effects of medium composition, chelating agents and high temperatures on flowering in L. perpusilla 6746. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(7): 489–495. Illus. 1959.—-L. perpusilla 6746 flowers as a short-day plant on Hutner's medium (containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA]) at constant temperatures from 25 to 30°C., but eventually flowers also in old cultures under 16 or 24 hr. of light. This old-culture flowering is more pronounced in dilute medium. Flowering is rapid under both long and short days at constant temperatures from 25 to 28°C. in media not containing EDTA; the addition of 10^-5 M EDTA or of similar or higher concentrations of numerous other chelating agents suppresses flowering under long days but not under short (8 hr. light). This effect does not depend on promotion or inhibition of vegetative growth. At 29 to 30°C., a short-day requirement is manifested even in media permitting flowering under long days at the lower temperatures. Temperatures above 31°C. completely inhibit flowering under all conditions. Brief periods of high temperature given to plants under short-day conditions inhibit flowering when given during the dark period but not during the light period. The implications of these observations for the further study of flowering are discussed.     

Locomotor activity rhythm in two wrasses,Halichoeres tenuispinnis andPteragogus flagellifera,under various light conditions

The locomotor activity rhythms were examined by using an actograph with infra-red photo-electric switches for two species of wrasses, (Halichoeres tenuispinnis andPteragogus flagellifera) under various light conditions. InH. tenuispinnis, the locomotor activity of almost all fish under light-dark cycle regimen (LD12:12; 06:00–18:00 light, 18:00–06:00 dark) commenced somewhat earlier than the beginning of light period and continued till somewhat earlier than the beginning of the dark period. This species clearly showed free-running activity rhythms under both constant illumination (LL) and constant darkness (DD). Therefore,H. tenuispinnis appeared to have a circadian rhythm. The length of the circadian period ranged from 23 hr. 30 min. to 23 hr. 44 min. under LL, and was from 23 hr. 39 min. to 24 hr. 18 min. under DD. On the other hand, the locomotor activity ofP. flagellifera occurred mostly in the light period under LD 12:12. The activity of this species continued through LL, but was greatly suppressed in DD, so that none of the fish had any activity rhythm in both constant conditions. It was known from field observations thatH. tenuispinnis burrowed and lay in sandy bottoms, whileP. flagellifera hid and rested in bases of seagrasses and shallow crevices of rocks during the night. In the present two wrasses, it seemed that the above-mentioned difference of noctural behavior was closely related to the intensity of the endogenous factor in the activity rhythm.     

Pollination of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Machaerium opacum</Emphasis> (Fabaceae) by nocturnal and diurnal bees

With plants whose flowers open at night and stay open during the day, nocturnal pollinators may exploit floral resources before diurnal competitors. Moths, bats, and beetles are the most familiar nocturnal pollinators, whereas nocturnal bees as pollinators remain poorly understood. The common Cerrado tree Machaerium opacum (Fabaceae) has white and strongly scented melittophilous flowers, which first open at the night and remain open during the day and, thus, have the potential to be visited by both nocturnal and diurnal bees. We asked: (1) what is the plant’s breeding system? (2) when during the night do the flowers open? (3) what are the visual and olfactory floral cues? and (4) which nocturnal/diurnal bees visit and pollinate the flowers? We show that M. opacum is self-incompatible. Its flowers open synchronously at 03:30 h, produce nectar exclusively at night, and have an explosive mechanism of pollen presentation. The flowers have pure white petals, release strong scents during anthesis, and are pollinated by nocturnal and diurnal bees. We recorded four nocturnal and 17 diurnal species as flower visitors, with females of nocturnal species of Ptiloglossa (Colletidae) being the most abundant. After an initial pollen-releasing visit, only a minor amount of pollen remains in a flower. Several floral traits favor visits by nocturnal bees: (1) night-time flower opening, (2) nectar production at night, (3) almost complete pollen release during the first flower visit, and (4) pure white petals and strong odor production prior to sunrise, facilitating visual and olfactory detection of flowers when light is dim.     

黑毛石斛和长距石斛的光合特性

以黑毛组的黑毛石斛(Dendrobium williamsonii)和长距石斛(D. longicornu)为材料, 对其光合生理特性进行了系统研究。2种石斛叶片的解剖结构为异面叶, 气孔仅分布在下表面, 具气孔盖, 叶脉维管束鞘不含叶绿体, 无花环型结构。2种石斛的光强、CO₂浓度和温度的响应研究表明, 它们的光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)分别为5–10 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹和800–900μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹,表观量子效率为0.02; CO₂补偿点和CO₂饱和点分别为80–90 μmol·mol⁻¹和800 μmol·mol⁻¹, 羧化效率在0.015–0.021之间; 光合作用的最适温度为28–30°C。光合特性的研究表明, 2种石斛的净光合速率(P_n)日变化均呈双峰型曲线, 首峰出现在12:00, 最大光合速率为5 μmolCO2·m⁻²·s⁻¹, 次峰出现在15:00, 夜间不吸收CO₂。2种石斛叶片的叶绿素a/叶绿素b比值在2.51–2.66之间。酶活性的测定结果表明, 2种石斛的PEPCase活性极低, 但RuBPCase和GO酶活性较高。以上的研究结果均表明, 黑毛石斛和长距石斛光合作用碳同化途径属C3植物类型, 具有半阴生植物的特点。     

腐生植物无叶美冠兰食源性欺骗传粉研究

无叶美冠兰是一种典型的腐生兰科植物,为揭示该物种的自然传粉机制,拓展对兰科植物生殖特性的认识,在广西雅长兰科植物国家级自然保护区对其开展了传粉生态学观测研究。结果表明:无叶美冠兰花朵具备高度自交亲和能力,但不存在自动自花授粉机制,必须依赖外部传粉媒介把花粉送到柱头,实现有效传粉;绿彩带蜂是无叶美冠兰唯一有效传粉昆虫;传粉昆虫与花朵在与传粉功能相关的关键性状在形态上良好拟合;绿彩带蜂的访花活动主要发生在3个阶段:8.6%发生在9:00~11:30,80.2%发生在11:30~14:00,11.2%发生在14:00~15:30;花朵在中午强烈的阳光直射下挥发出香甜的气味。无叶美冠兰花朵主要通过挥发极具诱惑力的香甜气味和唇瓣上黄色的蜜导来诱导绿彩带蜂进入花朵中觅食,传粉昆虫与花朵在与传粉功能相关的关键性状在形态上良好拟合促成有效传粉,绿彩带蜂在整个传粉过程没有获得报酬,是食源性欺骗传粉机制。     

Molecular and chemical characterization of the most widespread Ocimum species

DNA fingerprinting (AFLP) and chemical analyses of essential oils were utilized to define the extent of variation existing in the genus Ocimum. Research was carried out on 22 Ocimum accessions representing seven species. Concerning the essential oil composition of all investigated accessions, 115 compounds were identified. UPGMA cluster analysis, based on Euclidian distances of essential oil constituents between all pairs of accessions, showed four well-supported clusters (O. tenuiflorum, O. basilicum/O. africanum, O. basilicum, and O. americanum/O. africanum). Relating to the essential oil composition of all of the investigated accessions, 17 compounds were identified as the main ones, and according to them 13 chemotypes were determined. AFLP relationships were determined by neighbor-joining (NJ) cluster analysis based on Dice??s distance matrix and by maximum parsimony (MP) analysis. O. basilicum, O. americanum/O. africanum, O. tenuiflorum, and O. gratissimum represented four clusters supported with high bootstrap values. A neighbor-net diagram allowed the visualization of apparently conflicting data by revealing relationships between genotypes and chemotypes. Concerning the O. africanum species, two distinct chemotypes, geranial/neral (accession 11) and estragol (accession 10), have been established, while all the studied O. americanum accessions belong to the geranial/neral chemotype. This could be additional evidence that O. americanum is one of the parents of O. africanum. Furthermore, the fact that the O. africanum accession (10) as well as O. basilicum ??Purpurascens?? and O. basilicum ??Erevanskii?? accessions belong to the estragol chemotype supports the theory that O. africanum is one of the parents of these two O. basilicum accessions.     

Environmental distribution of colony growth form in the favositid Pleurodictyum americanum

Pandolfi, John M. & Burke, Collette D. 1989 01 15: Environmental distribution of colony growth form in the favositid Pleurodictyum americanum. Lethaia , Vol. 22, pp. 69–84. Oslo. ISSN 0024–1164.
Colony growth form is of fundamental importance to understanding the ecology of both modern and ancient marine sessile colonial animals. Fourier shape analysis of the coral Pleurodictyun americantum (Tabulata: Favositida) from the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group of New York State, indicates that colony growth form is variable between environments. Discriminate function analysis of harmonics 2–6 of 51 assemblages of Pleurodictyum americanum (N = 1900) shows that this species displays an onshore to offshore gradient in colony shape. Offshore environments characterized by low levels of turbidity, oxygen, and light contain more flattened, less hemispherical growth forms, whereas onshore environments characterized by high levels of turbidity, oxygen, and light contain more hemispherical, less flattened growth forms. Harmonic shape analysis detected subtle differences among samples of P. americanum from different environments, but also showed that distinctive morphotypes are distributed within horizons. as well as between them. In fact, no one-to-one correspondence in growth form to environment is apparent; growth forms are distributed within environments, suggesting that genetic factors may have had a greater influence over coral growth form than environment. In tabulate corals, patterns of within species variability must be determined before growth form may be useful in interpreting ancient environments. □ Tabulate coral, Fourier shape analysis, morphological variability, growth form, Devonian, Hamilton Group, New York .     

THE LYMPHOCYTES OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: THEIR PROLIFERATION AND CELL CYCLE KINETICS

Lymphocytes obtained from CLL patients exhibited a delayed and reduced response to PHA when cultured in diffusion chambers. DNA synthesis (8–10 hr) and general time (15–19 hr) of the late-developing CLL blasts were consistent with normal values ( T _s: 8–10 hr; T _c: 14–17 hr). However, the G₂ period of CLL blasts seemed more variable, and their mitotic index during the response at 5–6 days was 30–50% of the values determined for normal blasts during their peak response at 2–3 days.     

越冬代七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫的飞翔能力

在室内用飞行磨吊飞技术测定了七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫越冬代自然种群的飞翔能力。个体间飞翔特性差异极大。36.5%的七星瓢虫和23.7%的异色瓢虫每次飞翔都不到30分钟, 而这两种瓢虫中都有累计飞翔20小时以上的个体。最长持续飞翔时间达8小时以上和12小时以上的个体在七星瓢虫中分别为9.4%和1.2%, 在异色瓢虫中分别为21.1%和13.2%。大于30分钟的飞翔累计时间为6小时以上和12小时以上的个体在七星瓢虫中分别为20.0%和7.1%, 异色瓢虫则达47.4%和28.9%。雌性个体在卵发育期间表现出很强的飞翔能力。吊飞124小时, 飞翔能力的最高纪录是, 七星瓢虫累计飞翔22小时27分, 飞翔距离94.464km;异色瓢虫为24小时, 92.550km;飞翔速度都达到2m/秒。