Eosialis, a new alderfly genus in French Lowermost Eocene amber (Insecta, Megaloptera, Sialidae)

A new genus and species of Sialidae, Eosialis dorisi nov. gen., nov. sp. is described from the Lowermost Eocene amber of Oise (France). Its phylogenetic affinities within this family remain uncertain.     

Siptionella,a new bivalve genus of Parallelodontidae from the Upper Eocene of Ukraine

A new genus of the family Parallelodontidae (Bivalvia: Arcoidea), Siptionella gen. nov., with four species from the Upper Eocene of Ukraine and Germany and the Maestrichtian of Denmark is described. From the Upper Eocene of Ukraine, two species, the type species of the genus S. prompta (Berezovsky, 2002), previously described by the author within the genus Porterius, and the new species S. demissa sp. nov. are described and figured.     

The anamorphic genus Monotosporella (Ascomycota) from Eocene amber and from modern Agathis resin

The anamorphic fungal genus Monotosporella (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes) has been reco-vered from a piece of Early Eocene Indian amber, as well as from the surface of extant resin flows in New Caledonia. The fossil fungus was obtained from the Tarkeshwar Lignite Mine of Gujarat State, western India, and was part of the biota of an early tropical angiosperm rainforest. The amber inclusion represents the second fossil record of Sordariomycetes, as well as the first fossil of its particular order (either Savoryellales or Chaetosphaeriales). The fossil fungus is distinguished from extant representatives by possessing both short conidiophores and small two-septate pyriform conidia, and is described as Monotosporella doerfeltii sp. nov. Inside the amber, the anamorph is attached to its substrate, which is likely the degraded thallus of a cladoniform lichen. The extant New Caledonian species is assigned to Monotosporella setosa. It was found growing on semi-solidified resin flows of Agathis ovata (Araucariaceae), and is the first record of Monotosporella from modern resin substrates.     

A new type of pleurocercoids in the genus Diphyllobothrium from smelts in the Far East of the USSR

The research has demonstrated that 35.8% of Hypomesus pretiosus Girard and 55.9% of Osmerus eperlanus dentex Steindachner in various regions of the Far East of the USSR (Khabarovsk and Primorye territories and Sakhalin) are affected by diphyllobothriid larvae of a hitherto unknown type, indicated as the G type. Parasites are localized on the internal organs of a intermediate host such as esophagus, stomach, liver and genital organs. Diphyllobothriid larvae of the G type do not invade man, thus the indicated fishes are not epidemiologically significant in spreading diphyllobathriasis among the population in the Far East of the USSR.     

A new genus of rodents (Remyidae, Mammalia) from the Iberian Eocene

Abstract:  In this article, a new genus, Frontanyamys , is defined based on the new species F. russelli . The genus is recorded from the lower Upper Eocene (Bartonian) beds AT Sant Jaume de Frontanya (NE Spain). This genus shows clear affinities with the previously described genera Zamoramys, Remys and Pairomys. They are therefore assembled in the family Remyidae (new rank). The remyids are characterised by the precocious development of high-crowned molars and retain a morphologically primitive dental pattern. The oldest remyids are found in the middle Eocene of Spain ( Zamoramys ) and are probably derived from a morphologically primitive protrogomorph rodent such as Corbarimys paisi . The last representatives of the family such as Remys and Pairomys developed a fully lophodont dental pattern.     

A new genus and species of adapid primate from the middle Eocene of Alsace, and a new genus for 'Adapis' ruetimeyeri Stehlin, 1912

A new primate genus and species, represented by isolated teeth, is described from the middle Eocene Alsatian site of Bouxwiller. This new form is closely related to Egerkingen 'Adapis' ruetimeyeri, for which a new genus is proposed because of the important distinctions from type Adapis present in its dentition. Nonetheless, both new genera are closely related to Adapis and Leptadapis.     

Callistoe vincei, a new Proborhyaenidae (Borhyaenoidea, Metatheria, Mammalia) from the Early Eocene of Argentina

Callistoe vincei nov. gen., nov. sp. is a new South American carnivorous marsupial (Proborhyaenidae, Borhyaenoidea) from Salta Province (Argentina). It is preliminarily described and its phylogenetic relationships with other borhyaenoids are analyzed. The holotype is a complete skull with almost complete postcranial skeleton (missing the pelvis and the tail). It is from the Lumbrera Formation (Early Eocene of northwestern Argentina). It represents the most complete proborhyaenid specimen ever discovered and one of the best-preserved borhyaenoid. In the present paper we analyze the major cranial and dental features, the essential elements to compare C. vincei to Arminiheringia auceta, a Casamayoran proborhyaenid of Patagonia. C. vincei is smaller, much more gracile; its skull is narrower; its lower canines are not procumbent; the metacrista of M3 is U-shaped; the postmetacrista of M4 is present and the mandibular symphysis is shorter. This new material allows reconsideration of some dental traits proposed to diagnose the Proborhyaenidae such as the number of incisors and the open-rooted canines.     

Systematics of Crepidostomum species from the Russian Far East and northern Japan,with description of a new species and validation of the genus Stephanophiala

Current article touched upon the issue of the complicated taxonomic status of some species from the genus Crepidostomum collected from the freshwater fish in the rivers of Primorsky region, Sakhalin, and Hokkaido Islands. Primary morphological analyses showed affiliation of the worms to the species C. farionis (Müller, 1784) Lühe, 1909; C. metoecus Braun, 1900b; C. chaenogobii Yamaguti and Matsumura, 1942; C. nemachilus Krotov, 1959. We described the new species Crepidostomum achmerovi sp. nov. that is a sibling species of C. nemachilus. Molecular-genetic investigation have shown that C. nemachilus and C. achmerovi sp. nov. are closely related to C. metoecus in both 28S rDNA and cox1 mtDNA markers. Crepidostomum nemachilus forms a separate branch within the C. metoecus clade on the 28S BI tree with strong statistical support and separate clade in relation to C. metoecus clade on the cox1 BI tree. Values of p-distances between Crepidostomum species were at intergeneric level. Crepidostomum metoecus species complex including five species (C. metoecus, C. nemachilus, C. oschmarini, C. brinkmanni, and C. achmerovi sp. nov.) was reconsidered as independent genus Crepidostomum sensu stricto. Minimum Spanning Network showed that C. nemachilus, C. metoecus and C. achmerovi sp. nov. were separated by large number of mutational events and represent independent phyletic lines. An amended diagnosis is provided for the subfamily Crepidostomatinae, the genera Crepidostomum s. str. and Stephanophiala Nicoll, 1909, along with keys to species of both genera.     

A new eocene triprojectate pollen genus from the Canadian Arctic, Novemprojectus

A new triprojectate pollen genus, Novemprojectus, is described from a middle Eocene sample from the Eureka Sound Formation on Kanguk Peninsula of Axel Heiberg Island, the Canadian Arctic. The type species of the genus is Novemprojectus traversii.     

The paroxyclaenidae (Mammalia) and a new form from the early Eocene of Palette,France

A new genus and species of the Paroxyclaenidae is described,Merialus martinae, and the family is reviewed and divided into two subfamilies, the Paroxyclaeninae and the Merialinae, new. The two species ofDyspterna are attributed to two genera, of whichEuhookeria is new; Dyspterninae Kretzoi, 1943, is resurrected to includeDyspterna woodi, Cryptopithecus andKochictis; the subfamily is referred to the Pantolestidae.Vulpavoides is considered valid and includes“Russellites” simplicidens;V. vanvaleni n. sp. is described from Bouxwiller.Kiinkerishella andDulcidon are discussed, as are possible relationships between the Ptolemaiidae and the Merialine paroxyclaenids.     

Siamspinops, a new selenopid spider genus from Southeast Asia (Arachnida, Araneae)

Examination of a collection of selenopid spiders from Southeast Asia resulted in recognition of a new genus, Siamspinops gen. nov., which is erected to accommodate four new Southeast Asian species. Siamspinops spinosissimus sp. nov. (the type species; the male and female are described), S. spinosus sp. nov. (female) and S. allospinosus sp. nov. (female) are recorded from Thailand, S. spinescens sp. nov. (female) from the Malay Peninsula.     

青海岩黄芪属(Hedysarum)一新变型

发表黄芪属一新变型.     

Ursinoscorpaenopsis kitai,a new genus and species of Scorpaenidae from the East China Sea

A new genus and new species of Scorpaenidae,Ursinoscorpaenopsis kitai, is described based on single specimen, 239.7 mm standard length, collected by bull trawl at the bottom, 132 m deep, in the East China Sea. The specimen had a paranuchal spine, supplemental spine on the last suborbital spine and non-fleshy, polyfurcate pectoral fin rays (all unique to the genus), in addition to an orange-reddish body, toothless palatine, swimbladder, supraneural and five unfused hypurals.Ursinoscorpaenopsis seems to be one of the more primitive genera among the Scorpaenidae.     

Zopfochytrium is a new genus in the Chytridiales with distinct zoospore ultrastructure

While surveying chytrid diversity in lakes and streams, we found on cellulosic bait a chytrid that had both monocentric and polycentric thallus forms. We brought this chytrid into axenic culture from three sites in eastern North America, studied its thallus development and zoospore ultrastructure, and compared its 28S rDNA sequence with those of other members of the Chytridiomycota. Thallus morphology matched that described for the rare chytrid, Cladochytrium polystomum Zopf. Sporangia were spherical and produced numerous long discharge tubes. After discharge, zoospores remained in spherical clusters at the tips of the inoperculate openings of discharge tubes. After 10–30 min zoospores either swam away or encysted in place. Zoospore ultrastructural features included a cell coat, flagellar plug, and paracrystalline inclusion, features typical of members of the Chytridiales. However, the flagellar apparatus structure and organellar organization differed from that of zoospores previously described. Based on its molecular phylogeny and its zoospore ultrastructural features, we classify C. polystomum as a member of the Chytridiaceae in the Chytridiales. Because its thallus development and its ribosomal DNA sequences diverged decidedly from those of Cladochytrium tenue Nowak, the type species of Cladochytrium, we erected Zopfochytrium as a new genus for this chytrid.     

The genus Laetiporus (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) in East Asia

Relationships among East Asian, North American and European Laetiporus sulphureus s. lat., a cosmopolitan brown rot species complex, were assessed with phylogenetic analyses and incompatibility tests. Three East Asian taxa, Laetiporus cremeiporus sp. nov., Laetiporus montanus and Laetiporus versisporus, are described and illustrated as well as compared with related taxa from Southeast Asia, North America and Europe. Phylogenetic analyses showed that L. cremeiporus and L. versisporus are clearly distinct species among Laetiporus taxa. The three conifer inhabiting species, Laetiporus conifericola, Laetiporus huroniensis and L. montanus, are closely related to each other. The European population of L. montanus exhibits two sequence variants of the EF1α: one is the same as observed in L. sulphureus in Europe and the other is that observed in East Asian population of L. montanus. A key to the known species of Laetiporus in the northern hemisphere is provided.     

Chenorchis, a new orchid genus, and its eco-strategy of ant pollination

Chenorchis, a new orchid genus belonging to C. singchii with tropical orchid features, was found in subtropical regions of Gaoligong Mountain in Yunnan Province, China. This taxon undoubtedly belongs to Trib. Vandeae due to its comparatively advanced epiphytic and monopodial characteristics with very hard pollinia and long stipe. It is akin to Ascocentrum and Holcoglossum, from which it differs by its lip lacking appendage, side-lobes arising from both sides of the mid-lobe rather than the entrance to the spur; large stigmatic cave; very large rostellum, conspicuously broader than the column, spreading downward; pollinia each with a distinct caudicle attached to the incurved subterminal portion of a common stipe. Phylogenetic analysis shows that it may be of tropical region originally and evolve into a new genus due to changed environment, indicating that the main motivation of angiosperm differentiation is to bring forth more ecological opportunities. A further examination of reproductive ecology, especially pollination mechanism and breeding system, proved that this species has formed many mechanisms to promote selfing and inbreeding, such as symbiosis with ants (Temnothorax sp.), utilization of ants for short-distant pollination, opening of flowers simultaneously to increase the frequency of geitonogamy, efficient dispersal and growth of seeds, and crowded communities to improve the possibility of inbreeding. All the adaptive changes above turn into necessary conditions for their survival in subtropical regions. The reproductive strategy of this unique life history shows that this immigrant species autonomously passes the genes on to future generations to remain their adaptability, by quickly occupying the habitat. It is a successful strategy in habitat expansion that inflorescence produces a lot of flowers to facilitate geitonogamy, whose significance may extend to provide evidence that the occurrence of plants' sex results from the trade-offs of the fluctuation of habitat in evolution.